Here are the studies that match your search criteria. If you are interested in participating, please reach out to the contact listed for the study. If no contact is listed, contact us and we'll help you find the right person.
367 Study Matches
VITAS: Atezolizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy for Pediatric Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors
This trial is a multi-center, non-randomized, open-label Phase I/II study evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of vincristine, irinotecan, temozolomide, and atezolizumab in children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors.
• Signed informed consent
• Relapsed or refractory solid tumor after at least one prior course of therapy.
• Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma are not permitted.
• Patients with CNS malignancy or asymptomatic CNS metastases may be enrolled, provided all of the following criteria are met.
* No metastatic or primary disease affecting the brainstem, midbrain, pons, or cerebellum, or within 10 mm of optic nerve
* No history of leptomeningeal disease
* No history of intracranial or spinal cord hemorrhage
* No evidence of progression of neurologic deficit, in the investigator's judgment, within 7 days prior to initiation of study medications.
• Must have histologically confirmed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) for RMS efficacy cohort.
• Age ≥ 6 months and ≤ 30 years
• Lansky Performance Status (patients \< 16 years old) or Karnofsky Performance Status (patients ≥ 16 years old) ≥ 50
• Ability to comply with the study protocol, in the investigator's judgment
• For RMS efficacy cohort, disease must be measurable as defined by RECIST v1.1.
• For the feasibility cohort, disease must be evaluable, but patients enrolled in the feasibility cohort will be prospectively assessed for measurable disease, RMS patients will also be included in the RMS efficacy cohort.
• Previously irradiated lesions can be considered as measurable disease only if progressive disease has been unequivocally documented at that site since radiation.
• Availability of a tumor specimen suitable for determination of PD-L1 status, either from initial diagnosis or from a recurrence.
• For PD-L1 staining to be performed at the central site, a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimen in a paraffin block (preferred) or at least 15 slides containing unstained, freshly cut, serial sections must be available along with an associated pathology report prior to study enrollment.
• Patients for whom the required number of slides are not available may still be eligible to enroll on study with PI approval
• For the RMS efficacy cohort, it will be required that at least 8 of 17 patients have PD-L1(+) tumor. PD-L1 status will be determined at time of enrollment for all patients. When the maximum allowable number of PD-L1(-) patients has been enrolled and treated on study, PD-L1 positivity will be required for all further enrolled patients.
• Staining will be performed in the central site CAP/CLIA-certified laboratory using the 22c3 antibody for immunohistochemical analysis
• PD-L1(+) status will be defined as staining on ≥1% of tumor cells or ≥1% of stroma.
• For the feasibility cohort, PD-L1 positivity is not required but will be performed centrally in all cases for exploratory biomarker studies.
• Adequate organ and marrow function as defined by the following laboratory values obtained within 21 days prior to initiation of study medication.
• For patients without known bone marrow involvement:
* Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.0 x 10\^9 / L (1000/µL) without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support (≥14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor such as pegfilgrastim, or 7 days after short-acting growth factor)
* Platelet count ≥ 75 x 10\^9 / L (75,000/µL) without transfusion in the last 7 days
• Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for the study if they meet the following criteria:
* Patients with documented liver metastases: AST and ALT ≤ 5 x ULN
* Patients with documented liver or bone metastases: ALP ≤ 5 x ULN
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 750/mm\^3
* Platelet count ≥ 50,000/mm\^3 (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions)
* These patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. At least 4 of 6 patients in the feasibility cohort must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. If dose-limiting hematologic toxicity is observed, all subsequent patients enrolled must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity.
• Total bilirubin ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (Patients with known Gilbert disease: serum bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN)
• AST (SGOT) and ALT (SPGT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN for age
• Serum albumin ≥ 25 g/L (2.5 g/dL)
• Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN for age or creatinine clearance (or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m2
• Left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% or shortening fraction ≥ 30%
• Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L (9 g/dL)
• Patients may be transfused to meet this criterion.
• For patients not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: INR or aPTT ≤ 1.5 x ULN
• For patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: stable anticoagulant regimen
• Negative HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) tests at screening
• For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive methods, and agreement to refrain from donating eggs, as defined below:
• Women must remain abstinent or use contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \< 1% per year during the treatment period and for 5 months after the final doses of atezolizumab, vincristine, and temozolomide. Women must refrain from donating eggs during this same period.
• A woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she is postmenarchal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (≥ 12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus), regardless of sexual orientation or marital status.
• Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \< 1% per year include bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, and copper intrauterine devices.
• The reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not adequate methods of contraception.
• For men who are not surgically sterile: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive measures, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm, as defined below:
• With a female partner of childbearing potential who is not pregnant, men must remain abstinent or use a condom plus an additional contraceptive method that together result in a failure rate of less 1% per year during the treatment period and for 5 months after the final doses of atezolizumab, irinotecan, and temozolomide. Men must refrain from donating sperm during this same period.
• The reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not adequate methods of contraception
Exclusion Criteria:
• Pregnancy or breast-feeding:
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding, or intention of becoming pregnant during study treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of study treatment
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test result within 21 days prior to initiation of study treatment.
• Medical conditions that are excluded:
• Active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency, including, but not limited to, myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or Kawasaki syndrome with the following exceptions:
* Patients with a history of autoimmune-related hypothyroidism who are on thyroid-replacement hormone are eligible for the study.
* Patients with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus who are on an insulin regimen are eligible for the study.
* Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis are excluded) are eligible for the study provided all of following conditions are met at study initiation: (1) Rash must cover less 10% of body surface area, (2) Disease is well controlled at baseline and requires only low-potency topical corticosteroids, (3) No occurrence of acute exacerbations of the underlying condition requiring psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation, methotrexate, retinoids, biologic agents, oral calcineurin inhibitors, or high-potency or oral corticosteroids within the previous 12 months
• Uncontrolled or symptomatic hypercalcemia (ionized calcium \> 1.5 mmol/L, calcium \> 12 mg/dL or corrected serum calcium \> ULN)
• Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring recurrent drainage procedures (once monthly or more frequently)
* Patients with indwelling catheters (e.g., PleurX®) are allowed.
• Uncontrolled tumor-related pain
* Patients requiring pain medication must be on a stable regimen at study entry for at least 2 weeks. Intermittent use of as-needed medication is allowed during this period.
• Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder that may interfere with absorption of orally administered drugs (at the discretion of the treating physician)
• History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan
* History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted.
• Significant cardiovascular disease (such as New York Heart Association Class II or greater cardiac disease, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident) within 3 months prior to initiation of study treatment, unstable arrhythmia, or unstable angina
• History of severe asthma or uncontrolled asthma
• Dyspnea at rest or requirement for supplemental oxygen
• Uncontrolled seizures. Patients taking a stable dose of anticonvulsants (for 2 weeks) are permitted, as long as they are not strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4.
• Any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug, may affect the interpretation of the results, or may render the patient at high risk from treatment complications in the opinion of the treating investigator
• Washout periods from prior therapies:
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 21 days prior to starting study treatment.
* Subjects must have recovered from all acute prior treatment-related toxicities to grade 1 or baseline (excluding alopecia and clinically stable toxicities requiring ongoing medical management, such as hypothyroidism).
• Non-myelosuppressive cancer therapy, such as kinase inhibitors, within 7 days prior to study treatment.
• Treatment with monoclonal antibodies with long half-lives, within 3 half-lives prior to study treatment.
• Treatment with targeted cellular therapies within 28 days prior to starting study treatment.
• Major surgical procedure, other than for diagnosis, within 30 days prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of the need for a major surgical procedure during the first four cycles of the study.
* Biopsy tissue collection or placement of a vascular access device is permitted if the site has healed prior to initiation of study medications.
* For patients with CNS disease, no neurosurgical resection, brain biopsy, or stereotactic/whole-brain radiation within 30 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1
• Treatment with a live, attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of the need for such a vaccine during atezolizumab treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab
• Treatment with investigational therapy within 21 days prior to initiation of study treatment or concurrent participation with another investigational agent
• Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including, but not limited to, interferon and interleukin 2 \[IL-2\]) within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) prior to initiation of study treatment
• Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medication (including, but not limited to, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-TNF-agents) within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of the need for systemic immunosuppressive medication during study treatment, with the following exceptions:
* Patients who received acute, low-dose systemic immunosuppressant medication or a one-time pulse dose of systemic immunosuppressant medication (e.g., 48 hours of corticosteroids for a contrast allergy) are eligible for the study after Principal Investigator confirmation has been obtained.
* Patients who received mineralocorticoids (e.g., fludrocortisone), corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, or low-dose corticosteroids for orthostatic hypotension or adrenal insufficiency are eligible for the study.
* Patients with CNS disease can be receiving concurrent treatment with corticosteroids with approval from the Principal Investigator. Patients must be receiving a stable or decreasing dose for ≥ 5 days prior to the baseline MRI scan and at the time of drug initiation. The Principal Investigator should be informed when steroid doses are increased because of declining patient status.
• Use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers or strong UGT1A1 inhibitors within 12 days of Cycle 1, Day 1.
• Treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem-cell rescue within 3 months prior to initiation of study drug
• Treatment with herbal cancer therapy within 1 week prior to initiation of study medications.
• Treatment with a long-acting hematopoietic growth factor (such as pegfilgrastim) within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study medications, or a short-acting hematopoietic growth factor (such as G-CSF) within 1 week prior to initiation of study medications.
• Prior treatments:
• Prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplantation
• Prior treatment with CD137 agonists or immune checkpoint blockade therapies to include all anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibodies
• Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including, but not limited to, interferon and interleukin 2 \[IL-2\] within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) prior to initiation of study treatment
• Subjects must not have previously progressed while receiving regimens that include irinotecan or temozolomide. Patients who have received irinotecan or temozolomide and did not progress while on these medications are eligible.
• Known ongoing or untreated infection, including, but not limited to bacteremia, active tuberculosis, or severe pneumonia
• Active tuberculosis
• Current treatment with anti-viral therapy for HBV
• Active hepatitis C
• Patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., to prevent a urinary tract infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation) are eligible for the study
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the study medications
• History of severe allergic anaphylactic reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins
• Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or to any component of the atezolizumab formulation
Low Dose ColchicinE in pAtients With Peripheral Artery DiseasE to Address Residual Vascular Risk (LEADER-PAD)
The Low dose ColchicinE in pAtients with peripheral Artery DiseasE to address residual vascular Risk (LEADER-PAD) trial will evaluate if anti-inflammatory therapy with colchicine will reduce vascular events in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.
Inclusion criteria:
• Age \> 18 years
• Symptomatic atherosclerotic LE PAD fulfilling at least one of the following:
a. Intermittent claudication with ankle/arm blood pressure ratio\* (ABI ≤ 0.90) or artery stenosis ≥ 50% plus one of i. \>1 vascular bed affected by atherosclerosis ii. Diabetes iii. Heart failure iv. Chronic kidney disease (eGFR \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2)
b. Rest pain (mostly in foot) OR necrosis of limb OR gangrene of limb (corresponding to either Fontaine stages 3 or 4 OR Rutherford Classification categories 4 to 6). All must have an ankle/arm blood pressure ratio\* (ABI ≤ 0.90) OR artery stenosis ≥ 50%.
\* In cases of incompressible ankle arteries, the presence of toe pressure ≤ 60 mm Hg or toe-brachial index ≤ 0.70 is acceptable
c. Revascularization defined as limb bypass surgery or endovascular revascularization procedures (irrespective of the specific device used), including percutaneous transluminal angioplasty/stent of iliac or infra-inguinal arteries or extra-anatomical bypass surgery
d. Leg or foot amputation for arterial vascular indications
• Written or verbal informed consent from the patient
Exclusion Criteria:
• Contraindication to colchicine
• Long term requirement for colchicine for another clinical indication
• Active diarrhoea
• eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
• Cirrhosis or severe chronic liver disease
• Woman who is pregnant, or breast-feeding or of child-bearing potential not protected by reliable contraception or is planning conception during the study
• Current or planned long term use of cyclosporine, verapamil, HIV protease inhibitors, azole antifungals, or macrolide antibiotics (with the exception of azithromycin)
• Patients who are deemed unlikely to return for follow-up
• Patients with life expectancy \< 1 year
This purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a mobile phone application in
helping to control body swelling in patients with kidney problems. The application will help
in the day to day adjustments in diuretic medication dosing.
Participants in this study will have an application loaded on to their mobile phone by the
study team and be taught how to use it over a 2 hour visit. Participants will need to check
their blood pressure and weight daily and enter this information into the mobile phone
application every day. Participants will need to follow daily instructions in their
medication dosing provided by the application. There will be periodic blood testing. This
will happen at 2 weeks, 90 days, and up to 4 other times if necessary. At the end of the
study there is a 2 hour study visit during which participants will answer a survey. The total
length of the study is 90 days.
• The presence of nephrotic range proteinuria (> 3 g/d proteinuria by 24hr urine
protein, 24hr urine albumin, spot urine protein/creatinine ratio, or spot urine
albumin/creatinine ratio) or stage 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular
filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation)
PLUS
• Clinical signs of hypervolemia present (lower extremity edema, ascites, or pleural
effusions) with an estimated dry weight (defined as edema-free weight without
orthostatic hypotension) 5 lbs less than enrollment body weight
Exclusion Criteria:
• Weight < 100 lbs or > 300 lbs.
• Autonomic insufficiency resulting in orthostatic hypotension at screening
• Hypokalemia at enrollment (defined as serum potassium < 3.5 mmol/L)
• Moderate to severe hyponatremia at enrollment (defined as serum sodium < 130 mmol/L)
• Serum creatinine > 6 mg/dL or > 1.5 times baseline
• Patients who are unable or unwilling to measure their home blood pressures and weights
• Patients without a working phone number and smart phone device
• Expectation that the patient will require dialysis initiation within < 3 months
• Expected lifespan of < 6 months
• The presence of a medical condition that would interfere with effectively using the
Diuretic Tuner (dementia, illiteracy, or blindness)
• Pregnant patients
• Prisoners
LEGEND Study: EG-70 in NMIBC Patients BCG-Unresponsive and High-Risk NMIBC Incompletely Treated With BCG or BCG-Naïve
This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravesical administration of EG-70 in the bladder and its effect on bladder tumors in patients with NMIBC.
This study study consists of two phases; a Phase 1 dose-escalation to establish safety and recommended the phase 2 dose, followed by a Phase 2 study to establish how effective the treatment is.
The Study will include patients with NMIBC with Cis for whom BCG therapy is unresponsive and patients with NMIBC with Cis who are BCG-naïve or inadequately treated.
BCG-unresponsive Patients:
• BCG-unresponsive NMIBC with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without coexisting papillary Ta/T1 tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy, and have experienced CIS disease within 12 months of treatment where: adequate BCG regimen consists of at least 2 courses of BCG where the first course (induction) must have included at least 5 or 6 doses and the second course may have included a re-induction (at least 2 treatments) or maintenance (at least 2 doses), and Cis must be documented or indicated by pathology
Phase 2 Only:
• BCG-Naïve or BCG-incompletely treated Patients with CIS or BCG-unresponsive, HG Ta/T1 papillary disease without CIS:
-NMIBC with current Cis of the bladder, with or without coexisting papillary Ta/T1 NMIBC tumor(s), who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy, where: either: cohort 2a) no treatment with BCG but may have previously been treated with at least 1 dose of intravesical chemotherapy following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and Cis must be documented or cohort 2b) indicated by pathology incomplete BCG treatment (at least 1 dose and less than the 5+2 doses required for adequate dosing per Cohort 1) or cohort 3) patients who are BCG-unresponsive following adequate treatment, with HG Ta/T1 papillary disease without CIS.
All Patients:
• Patients who have previously been treated with a checkpoint inhibitor and failed treatment are eligible for inclusion 30 days post-treatment (Phase 1) or 3 months post-treatment (Phase 2).
• Male or non-pregnant, non-lactating female, 18 years or older.
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at Screening.
• Female patients of childbearing potential must be willing to consent to using highly effective birth control methods; Male patients are required to utilize a condom for the duration of the study treatment through 3 months post-dose.
• In Phase 2, for patients with T1 lesions may be eligible after repeat TURBT if pathology shows non-invasive (Ta or less) or no disease.
• Performance Status: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0, 1, and 2.
• Hematologic inclusion: a. Absolute neutrophil count \>1,500/mm3. b. Hemoglobin \>9.0 g/dL. c. Platelet count \>100,000/mm3.
• Hepatic inclusion: a. Total bilirubin must be ≤1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN). b. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase ≤2.5 x ULN.
• Adequate renal function with creatinine clearance \>30 mL/min
• Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time ≤1.25 x ULN or within the therapeutic range if on anticoagulation therapy.
• Must have satisfactory bladder function with ability to retain study drug for 60 minutes.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Active malignancies (i.e., progressing or requiring treatment change in the last 24 months). Exceptions allowed under Sponsor review.
• Concurrent treatment with any chemotherapeutic agent.
• History of partial cystectomy.
• Treatment with last therapeutic agent (including intravesical chemotherapy post-TURBT) within 30 days of Screening (prior to the screening biopsy).
• Patients who have received systemic immunosuppressive medication including high-dose corticosteroids.
• History of severe asthma or other respiratory diseases.
• History of unresolved vesicoureteral reflux or an indwelling urinary stent.
• History of unresolved hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction.
• Participation in any other research protocol involving administration of an investigational agent within 30 Days prior to screening or any prior treatment of NMIBC with any investigational gene or immunotherapy agent.
• History of external beam radiation to the pelvis or prostate brachytherapy within the last 12 months.
• History of interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in patients who have previously received a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
• Evidence of metastatic disease.
• History of difficult catheterization that in the opinion of the Investigator will prevent administration of EG-70.
• Active interstitial cystitis on cystoscopy or biopsy.
• Active, uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infection(s) requiring systemic therapy.
• Known human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C infection.
• Significant cardiovascular risk (e.g., coronary stenting within 8 weeks, myocardial infarction within 6 months).
• Hypersensitivity to any of the excipients of the study drug.
DRUG: EG-70 (phase 1), DRUG: EG-70 (phase 2)
Superficial Bladder Cancer, Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer With Carcinoma in Situ, Urinary Bladder
A Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of IPN10200 in Adult Participants With Upper Limb Spasticity. (LANTIMA)
The purpose of the study is to assess the safety and efficacy of increasing doses of IPN10200 with the aim to evaluate the Pharmacodynamics (PD) profile of IPN10200 and to establish the total IPN10200 doses(s) that offer the best efficacy/safety profile when used for the treatment of Adult upper limb (AUL) spasticity.
• Participant must be 18 to 70 years of age inclusive (except for dose escalation must be 18 to 65 years of age) at the time of signing the informed consent.
• Has spastic hemiparesis following stroke or Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• Is at least 6 months post-stroke or TBI
• Has never received BoNT or if previously treated, should have received their last injection of any commercialized BoNT-A or B at least 4 months prior to study Baseline
• Has a MAS score ≥2 in the (PTMG) to be injected
• Is eligible to receive a total recommended dose 1000 U Dysport in the upper limb when applicable.
• Has angle of spasticity ≥5° in the PTMG to be injected.
• Does not have any fixed contractures as defined by:
* Complete fingers extension with Angle of arrest at slow speed (Tardieu Scale) (XV1) ≥160°
* Complete wrist extension with XV1 ≥90°
* Complete elbow extension with XV1 ≥160°
• Physiotherapy, occupational therapy, splinting, use of benzodiazepine, and muscle relaxants had to be stable from at least 30 days preceding the study Baseline up to the Month 3 visit, and whenever possible until the end of the study.
• In good health (i.e. absence of any uncontrolled systemic disease or other significant medical condition) as determined by medical history, physical and neurological examinations, clinical laboratory studies, electrocardiograms (ECGs), vital signs, and Investigator's judgment prior to randomization
• Male and female participants Contraceptive use by men or women should be consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies.
Male participants must agree that, if their partner is at risk of becoming pregnant, they will use an effective method of contraception. The participants must agree to use the contraception during the whole period of the study.
A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and one of the following conditions applies: Is a woman of non-childbearing potential (WONCBP) or is a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) and using an acceptable contraceptive method (until the end of the study). The investigator should evaluate the potential for contraceptive method failure in relationship to the first dose of study intervention. A WOCBP must have a negative highly sensitive pregnancy test.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Any medical condition (including severe dysphagia or airway disease) that may increase, in the opinion of the investigator, the likelihood of adverse events (AEs) related to BoNT treatment.
• Known disease of the neuromuscular junction (e.g. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome, myasthenia gravis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc.).
• Has a history of hypersensitivity to the investigational medicinal products (or other BoNTs) or any excipient used in their formulation.
• Clinically diagnosed significant anxiety disorder, or any other significant psychiatric disorder (e.g. depression) that might interfere with the participant's participation in the study.
• Likely treatment with any serotype of BoNT for any condition during the study.
• Undergone previous surgery to treat spasticity in the affected upper limb.
• Has initiated physiotherapy within 30 days prior to Baseline (if physiotherapy initiated more than 30 days prior to Baseline and ongoing, the therapy regimen should be maintained at the same frequency and intensity throughout the study if possible or at least up to 3-months post-injection).
• Has received previous treatment with phenol and or alcohol in the targeted upper limb any time before the study.
• Has been treated or is likely to be treated with intrathecal baclofen during the 30 days prior to study Baseline or during the course of the study.
• Current or planned treatment with any medications that interfere either directly or indirectly with neuromuscular transmission, such as curare-like non depolarising agents, lincosamides, polymyxins, anticholinesterases and aminoglycoside antibiotics, within 30 days prior to Baseline.
• Use of concomitant therapy which, in the investigator's opinion, would interfere with the evaluation of the safety or efficacy of the study intervention, including medications affecting bleeding disorders. For patients taking vitamin K antagonists, the INR values should be controlled (between 2 and 3)
• Currently planned or a history of tendon lengthening surgery, significant contracture or muscle atrophy at target joint or muscle in the past 6 months prior to Screening.
• Use of any experimental device within 30 days or use of any treatment with an experimental drug within five times the documented terminal half-life of the respective drug or its metabolites or if the half-life is unknown within 30 days prior to the start of the study (prior to Baseline) and during the conduct of the study.
• Presence of any other condition (e.g. neuromuscular disorder, muscular dystrophies, cancer cachexia, sarcopenia or other disorder that could interfere with neuromuscular function), laboratory finding or circumstance that, in the judgment of the investigator, might increase the risk to the participant or decrease the chance of obtaining satisfactory data to achieve the objectives of the study.
• Pregnant or lactating women, or women of childbearing potential not willing to practice a highly effective form of contraception method at the beginning of the study, for the duration of the study and for the duration of the study
• Inability to understand protocol procedures and requirements
• Infection at the injection site(s)
• A history of drug or alcohol abuse
• Male participants who are not vasectomised and who have female partners of childbearing potential and are not willing to use condoms with spermicide throughout study participation.
Ferric Citrate and Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (FIT4KID)
We will conduct a 12-month, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to assess the effects of therapy with ferric citrate (FC) on changes in intact FGF23 levels (iFGF23, primary endpoint) in 160 pediatric patients (80 in each of the two arms) aged 6-18 years of either sex with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-4 and age-appropriate normal serum phosphate levels. Participants will be randomized to one of the two groups: 1) FC or 2) FC placebo. Participants will be recruited from 20 core clinical sites.
• Ages 6 to 18 years (inclusive);
• Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) of 15-59 ml/min per 1.73 m2 by modified Chronic Kidney disease in Children (CKiD) under 25 (U25) formula;56
• Serum phosphate \<=5.9 mg/dl;
• Serum ferritin \<500 ng/ml and TSAT \<50%;
• For those patients treated with growth hormone, calcitriol, nutritional vitamin D, iron, and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) such treatments must have stable dosing for at least 2 weeks prior to screening;
• Able to swallow tablets;
• Able to eat at least two meals a day;
• In the opinion of the investigator, willing and able to follow the study treatment regimen and comply with the site investigator's recommendations.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Patients currently treated with phosphate binders.
• History of allergy to all ingredients (including non-medical ingredients) in both products (i.e. investigational product and placebo)
• Current intestinal malabsorption, documented in the medical record; disease, inflammatory bowel syndrome, and/or Crohn's Disease.
• Anticipated initiation of dialysis or kidney transplantation within 6 months
• Current or planned future systemic immunosuppressive therapy
• Prior solid organ transplantation
• Receipt of bone marrow transplant within two years of screening
• Current pregnancy, lactation or female subjects who have reached menarche, unless using highly-effective contraception as outlined in section 7.1.1 of Protocol
• Patients participating in other interventional study (observational study participation permitted)
• Poor adherence to medical treatments in the opinion of the investigator
• Cystinosis
• Fanconi syndrome
• Hemochromatosis or laboratory tests indicating possible hemochromatosis or other iron overload (primary or secondary) syndrome
Efficacy and Safety of Nemtabrutinib (MK-1026) in Participants With Hematologic Malignancies (MK-1026-003)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nemtabrutinib (formerly ARQ 531) in participants with hematologic malignancies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Richter's transformation, marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM).
* Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2 within 7 days before C1D1 (the first dose of study treatment)
* Has a life expectancy of at least 3 months, based on the investigator assessment
* Has the ability to swallow and retain oral medication
* Participants who are Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive are eligible if they have received Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral therapy for at least 4 weeks and have undetectable HBV viral load prior to randomization
* Participants with history of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are eligible if HCV viral load is undetectable at screening
* Has adequate organ function
* Male participants agree to refrain from donating sperm and agree to either remain abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle OR agree to use contraception, during the intervention period and for at least the time required to eliminate the study intervention after last dose of study intervention
* Female participants assigned female sex at birth who are not pregnant or breastfeeding are eligible to participate if not a participant of childbearing potential (POCBP), or if a POCBP they either use a contraceptive method that is highly effective OR remain abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle during the intervention period and for at least to eliminate study intervention after the last dose of study intervention
* Participants with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are eligible if they meet all of the following: the CD4 count is \>350 cells/uL at screening, the HIV viral load is below the detectable level, are on a stable ART regimen for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry, and are compliant with their ART
Part 1 and Part 2 (Cohorts A to C and J)
* Has a confirmed diagnosis of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ Small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) with
* At least 2 lines of prior therapy (Part 1 only)
* Part 2 Cohort A: CLL/SLL participants who are relapsed or refractory to prior therapy with a covalent, irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), and a B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor (BCL2i). CLL participants must have received and failed, been intolerant to, or determined by their treating physician to be a poor phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3Ki) candidate or ineligible for a PI3Ki per local guidelines
* Part 2 Cohort B: CLL/SLL participants who are relapsed or refractory following at least 1 line of prior therapy and are BTKi treatment naive
* Part 2 Cohort C: CLL/SLL participants with 17p deletion or tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation who are relapsed or refractory following at least 1 line of prior therapy
* Part 2 Cohort J: CLL/SLL participants whose disease relapsed or was refractory to prior therapy with a covalent/irreversible BTKi and BCL2i. NOTE: As of Protocol Amendment 09, at least 10 CLL/SLL participants whose disease relapsed or was refractory to prior therapy with a covalent/irreversible BTKi, BCL2i and noncovalent/reversible BTKi (all three classes of therapies are required) will be enrolled into Cohort J
* Has active disease for CLL/SLL clearly documented to initiate therapy
* For SLL participants in Part 2: Has evaluable core or excisional lymph node biopsy for biomarker analysis from an archival or newly obtained biopsy or bone marrow aspirate at Screening (optional for participants enrolling in Part 1)
Part 2 (Cohorts D to G)
\- Has a confirmed diagnosis of and meets the following prior therapy requirements:
* Participants with Richter's transformation who are relapsed or refractory following at least 1 line of prior therapy (Cohort D)
* Participants with pathologically confirmed Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), documented by either overexpression of cyclin D1 or t (11;14), who are relapsed or are refractory to chemoimmunotherapy and a covalent irreversible BTKi (Cohort E)
* Participants with Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (including splenic, nodal, and extra nodal MZL) who are relapsed or refractory to at least one prior line of systemic therapy including an anti-CD20-based regimen
* Participants with Follicular lymphoma (FL) who are relapsed or refractory to chemoimmunotherapy and immunomodulatory agents (such as lenalidomide based regimen) (Cohort G)
* Have measurable disease defined as at least 1 lesion that can be accurately measured in at least 2 dimensions with spiral Computed tomography (CT) scan
* Has a lymph node biopsy for biomarker analysis from an archival or newly obtained biopsy or bone marrow aspirate (Cohort D) at Screening
Part 2 (Cohort H): confirmed diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM); participants who are relapsed or refractory to standard therapies for WM including chemoimmunotherapy and a covalent irreversible BTKi
* Has active disease defined as 1 of the following: systemic symptoms, physical findings, laboratory abnormalities, coexisting disease
* Has measurable disease, satisfying any of the following: at least 1 lesion that can be accurately measured in at least 2 dimensions with spiral CT scan (minimum measurement must be \>15 mm in the longest diameter or \>10 mm in the short axis); IgM ≥450 mg/dL; or bone marrow infiltration of 10%
* Has fresh bone marrow aspirate or a lymph node biopsy for biomarker analysis at Screening or a lymph node biopsy from an archival
Exclusion Criteria:
* Has active HBV/HCV infection (Part 1 and Part 2)
* Has a history of malignancy ≤3 years before providing documented informed consent. Participants with basal cell carcinoma of skin, squamous cell carcinoma of skin, or carcinoma in situ (e.g., breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potential curative therapy are not excluded. Participants with low-risk, early-stage prostate cancer (T1-T2a, Gleason score ≤6, and prostate-specific antigen \<10 ng/mL) either treated with definitive intent or untreated in active surveillance with SD are not excluded
* Has active central nervous system (CNS) disease
* Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
* Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy within 5 half-lives or 4 weeks (if prior therapy was a monoclonal antibody) before C1D1
* Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study intervention
* Has any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that might alter absorption
* History of severe bleeding disorders
The Pediatric Acute Leukemia (PedAL) Screening Trial - A Study to Test Bone Marrow and Blood in Children With Leukemia That Has Come Back After Treatment or Is Difficult to Treat - A Leukemia & Lymphoma Society and Children's Oncology Group Study
This study aims to use clinical and biological characteristics of acute leukemias to screen for patient eligibility for available pediatric leukemia sub-trials. Testing bone marrow and blood from patients with leukemia that has come back after treatment or is difficult to treat may provide information about the patient's leukemia that is important when deciding how to best treat it, and may help doctors find better ways to diagnose and treat leukemia in children, adolescents, and young adults.
* Patients must be less than 22 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Patient must have one of the following at the time of study enrollment:
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) AML as defined in protocol
* This includes isolated myeloid sarcoma
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS)
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed ALL as defined in protocol that meets one of the following criteria:
* Second or greater B-ALL medullary relapse, excluding KMT2Ar
* Any first or greater B-ALL medullary relapse involving KMT2Ar
* Any first or greater T-ALL medullary relapse with or without KMT2Ar
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) as defined in protocol
* Patient has known or suspected de novo or relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) treatment-related AML (t-AML)
* Patient has known or suspected de novo or relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS)
* Note: Relapsed/refractory disease includes stable disease, progressive disease, and disease relapse.
* Patient has known or suspected de novo or relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
* Note: Relapsed/refractory disease includes stable disease, progressive disease, and disease relapse.
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia Post Cytotoxic Therapy, Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Myelodysplastic Syndrome Post Cytotoxic Therapy, Myeloid Leukemia Associated With Down Syndrome, Leukemia, Other, Myeloid and Monocytic Leukemia
This phase II/III trial studies if contrast-enhanced ultrasounds using a contrast dye, perflutren lipid microspheres (Definity), can predict the response to chemotherapy by estimating the pressure in the cancer in patients with breast cancer that has spread to nearby tissues and lymph nodes (locally advanced). The efficacy of cancer therapy is affected by the pressure in the cancer. Definity is a contrast dye used to create better images during ultrasounds. The purpose of this trial is to determine if a special kind of ultrasound, called contrast-enhanced ultrasound, an experimental imaging test, can detect pressures in cancer to determine the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer.
* Provide signed and dated informed consent form
* Willing to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study
* At least 21 years old
* Be diagnosed with breast cancer (T1 or greater LABC, any N and M0)
* Be scheduled for neoadjuvant chemotherapy
* Be medically stable
* Be conscious and able to comply with study procedures
* If a female of child-bearing potential, must have a negative urine pregnancy test
Exclusion Criteria:
* Males
* Females who are pregnant or nursing
* Patients with other primary cancers requiring systemic treatment
* Patients with any distal metastatic disease
* Patients undergoing neoadjuvant endocrine therapy
* Patients who are medically unstable, patients who are seriously or terminally ill, and patients whose clinical course is unpredictable. For example:
* Patients on life support or in a critical care unit;
* Patients with unstable occlusive disease (e.g., crescendo angina);
* Patients with clinically unstable cardiac arrhythmias, such as recurrent ventricular tachycardia;
* Patients with uncontrolled congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] Class IV);
* Patients with recent cerebral hemorrhage;
* Patients who have undergone surgery within 24 hours prior to the study sonographic examination
* Patients with known hypersensitivity or allergy to any component of Definity
* Patients with unstable cardiopulmonary conditions or respiratory distress syndrome
* Patients with uncontrollable emphysema, pulmonary vasculitis, pulmonary hypertension or a history of pulmonary emboli
Study of Efficacy and Safety of Inhaled Treprostinil in Subjects With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (TETON)
Study RIN-PF-301 is designed to evaluate the superiority of inhaled treprostinil against placebo for the change in absolute forced vital capacity (FVC) from baseline to Week 52.
• Subject gives voluntary informed consent to participate in the study.
• Subject is ≥40 years of age, inclusive, at the time of signing informed consent.
• The subject has a diagnosis of IPF based on the 2018 ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT Clinical Practice Guideline (Raghu 2018) and confirmed by central review of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) (performed within the previous 12 months), and if available, surgical lung biopsy.
• FVC ≥45% predicted at Screening.
• Subjects on pirfenidone or nintedanib must be on a stable and optimized dose for ≥30 days prior to Baseline. Concomitant use of both pirfenidone and nintedanib is not permitted.
• Women of childbearing potential must be non-pregnant (as confirmed by a urine pregnancy test at Screening and Baseline) and non-lactating, and will abstain from intercourse (when it is in line with their preferred and usual lifestyle) or use 2 medically acceptable, highly effective forms of contraception for the duration of the study, and at least 30 days after discontinuing study drug.
• Males with a partner of childbearing potential must use a condom for the duration of treatment and for at least 48 hours after discontinuing study drug.
• In the opinion of the Investigator, the subject is able to communicate effectively with study personnel, and is considered reliable, willing, and likely to be cooperative with protocol requirements, including attending all study visits.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Subject is pregnant or lactating.
• Subject has primary obstructive airway physiology: FEV1/FVC \<0.70 at Screening.
• The subject has shown intolerance or significant lack of efficacy to a prostacyclin or prostacyclin analogue that resulted in discontinuation or inability to effectively titrate that therapy.
• The subject has received any PAH-approved therapy, including prostacyclin therapy (epoprostenol, treprostinil, iloprost, or beraprost; except for acute vasoreactivity testing), IP receptor agonists (selexipag), endothelin receptor antagonists, phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is), or soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators within 60 days prior to Baseline. As needed use of a PDE5-I for erectile dysfunction is permitted, provided no doses are taken within 48 hours of any study-related efficacy assessments.
• Use of any of the following medications: azathioprine (AZA), cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, oral corticosteroids (OCS) \>20 mg/day or the combination of OCS+AZA+N-acetylcysteine within 30 days prior to Baseline; cyclophosphamide within 60 days prior to Baseline; or rituximab within 6 months prior to Baseline.
• The subject is receiving \>10 L/min of oxygen supplementation by any mode of delivery at rest at Baseline.
• Exacerbation of IPF or active pulmonary or upper respiratory infection within 30 days prior to Baseline. Subjects must have completed any antibiotic or steroid regimens for treatment of the infection or acute exacerbation more than 30 days prior to Baseline to be eligible. If hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of IPF or a pulmonary or upper respiratory infection, subjects must have been discharged more than 90 days prior to Baseline to be eligible.
• Uncontrolled cardiac disease, defined as myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to Baseline or unstable angina within 30 days prior to Baseline.
• In the opinion of the Investigator, the subject has any condition that would interfere with the interpretation of study assessments or would impair study participation or cooperation.
• Use of any other investigational drug/device or participation in any investigational study in which the subject received a medical intervention (ie, procedure, device, medication/supplement) within 30 days prior to Screening. Subjects participating in non-interventional, observational, or registry studies are eligible.
• Life expectancy \<6 months due to IPF or a concomitant illness.
• Acute pulmonary embolism within 90 days prior to Baseline.
A Study of a New Way to Treat Children and Young Adults With a Brain Tumor Called NGGCT
This phase II trial studies the best approach to combine chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) based on the patient's response to induction chemotherapy in patients with non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) that have not spread to other parts of the brain or body (localized). This study has 2 goals: 1) optimizing radiation for patients who respond well to induction chemotherapy to diminish spinal cord relapses, 2) utilizing higher dose chemotherapy followed by conventional RT in patients who did not respond to induction chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs, such as carboplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide, and thiotepa, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays or high-energy protons to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Studies have shown that patients with newly-diagnosed localized NGGCT, whose disease responds well to chemotherapy before receiving radiation therapy, are more likely to be free of the disease for a longer time than are patients for whom the chemotherapy does not efficiently eliminate or reduce the size of the tumor. The purpose of this study is to see how well the tumors respond to induction chemotherapy to decide what treatment to give next. Some patients will be given RT to the spine and a portion of the brain. Others will be given high dose chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant before RT to the whole brain and spine. Giving treatment based on the response to induction chemotherapy may lower the side effects of radiation in some patients and adjust the therapy to a more efficient one for other patients with localized NGGCT.
* Patients must be \>= 3 years and \< 30 years at the time of study enrollment
* Patients must be newly diagnosed with localized primary CNS NGGCT of the suprasellar and/or pineal region by pathology and/or serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) elevation of AFP above institutional normal or \> 10 ng/mL or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) beta \> 100 mIU/mL as confirmed by Rapid Central Marker Screening Review on APEC14B1-CNS. Suprasellar, pineal and bifocal tumors are included. (CSF tumor markers and cytology must be within 31 days prior to enrollment and start of protocol therapy \[repeat if necessary\]. Serum tumor markers, AFP and hCGbeta must be within 7 days prior to enrollment and start of protocol therapy \[repeat if necessary\]). Basal ganglia or other primary sites are excluded
* Patients with any of the following pathological elements are eligible: endodermal sinus (yolk sac), embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, malignant/immature teratoma and mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) (i.e., may include some pure germinoma) if malignant elements listed above are present. Patients with only mature teratoma are excluded. Patients with pure germinoma admixed with mature teratoma are excluded (would be eligible for pure germinoma protocols)
* Patients must have a cranial MRI with and without gadolinium at diagnosis/prior to enrollment. If surgical resection is performed, patients must have pre-operative and post operative brain MRI with and without gadolinium. The post operative brain MRI should be obtained within 72 hours of surgery. If patient has a biopsy only, post-operative brain MRI is recommended but not required (within 31 days prior to study enrollment and start of protocol therapy )
* Patients must have a spine MRI with gadolinium obtained at diagnosis/prior to enrollment. Spine MRI with and without gadolinium is recommended (within 31 days prior to study enrollment and start of protocol therapy)
* Lumbar CSF must be obtained prior to study enrollment unless medically contraindicated. If a patient undergoes surgery and lumbar CSF cytology cannot be obtained at the time of surgery, then it should be performed at least 10 days following surgery and prior to study enrollment. False positive cytology can occur within 10 days of surgery
* Patients must have RAPID CENTRAL TUMOR MARKER REVIEW CSF tumor markers obtained prior to enrollment unless medically contraindicated. Ventricular CSF obtained at the time of CSF diversion procedure (if performed) is acceptable for tumor markers but lumbar CSF is preferred. In case CSF diversion and biopsy/surgery are combined, CSF tumor markers should be collected first
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment):
* Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
* 3 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: male (1.7), 1.4 (female)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Note: For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT (ALT) has been set to the value of 45 U/L
* Central nervous system function defined as:
* Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on anticonvulsants and well controlled
* Patients must not be in status epilepticus, coma or assisted ventilation prior to study enrollment
* Protocol therapy must begin within 31 calendar days of definitive surgery or clinical diagnosis, whichever is later. If a biopsy only was performed, the biopsy date will be considered the date of definitive surgery. For patients who have a biopsy or incomplete resection at diagnosis followed by additional surgery, the date of the last resection will be considered the date of definitive surgery.
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
* NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT:
* English-, Spanish-, or French- speaking
* Note: Patients who speak a language other than English, Spanish, or French will be allowed to participate in ACNS2021 but will not complete the neurocognitive and quality of life assessments
* No known history of neurodevelopmental disorder prior to diagnosis of NGGCT (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X, William syndrome, intellectual disability). Patients with NF1 will be allowed to participate
* Additional eligibility criteria for the COG Standardized Neuropsychological Battery only: must be at a site that has a psychologist to administer the battery
* Note: If not eligible for the COG Standardized Battery, patients should still complete the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF-2), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Third Edition (ABAS-3), and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3) questionnaires
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with tumors located outside the ventricles (i.e., basal ganglia, thalamus)
* Patients with only mature teratoma and non-elevated markers upon tumor sampling at diagnosis
* Patients who have received any prior tumor-directed therapy for their diagnosis of NGGCT other than surgical intervention and corticosteroids
* Patients with metastatic disease (i.e., MRI evaluation, lumbar CSF cytology or intraoperative evidence of dissemination)
* Female patients who are pregnant, since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs
* Note: Serum and urine pregnancy tests may be falsely positive due to HCGbeta-secreting germ cell tumors. Ensure the patient is not pregnant by institutional standards
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
Motor Outcomes to Validate Evaluations in FSHD (MOVE FSHD) (MOVE FSHD)
The primary goal of this proposal is to collect motor and functional outcomes specific to
FSHD over time. By collecting measures specific to FSHD, this will help ensure the best level
of clinical care is being provided. Also, the hope is to speed up drug development by gaining
a better understanding of how having FSHD impacts motor function and other health outcomes
(i.e. breathing, wheelchair use, etc.) and how big a change in motor function would be
clinically meaningful to those with FSHD.
Motor Outcomes to Validate Evaluations in FSHD (MOVE FSHD) will have approximately 450 FSHD
participants followed for a minimum of 3 years. A subset of MOVE FSHD participants,
approximately 200, will participate in the MOVE+ sub-study which includes whole body MRI and
muscle biopsy.
• Genetically confirmed FSHD (types 1 or 2) or clinical diagnosis of FSHD with
characteristic findings on exam and an affected parent or offspring.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Unwilling or unable to provide informed consent.
• Any other medical condition which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere
with study participation.
Post-market Surveillance Study of the BD® WavelinQ™ EndoAVF System (CONNECT-AV)
A prospective, single-arm, multi-center post-market surveillance study of the BD® WavelinQ™ EndoAVF System for the Creation of Arteriovenous (AV) Fistula in Patients Requiring Dialysis.
• Subject must be either male or non-pregnant female ≥ 18 years of age with an expected lifespan sufficient to allow for completion of all study procedures.
• Subject must voluntarily sign and date the Informed Consent Form (ICF) prior to collection of study data or performance of study procedures.
• Subject must be willing to comply with the protocol requirements, including clinical follow-up.
• Subjects who have established, non-reversible kidney failure, who are currently on dialysis at screening or are in immediate need (within 6 months of endoAVF creation) of dialysis.
• Target treatment vein diameter(s) for endoAVF creation ≥ 2.0 mm as measured via Duplex Ultrasound (DUS) or Venography.
• Target treatment artery diameter ≥ 2.0 mm as measured via Duplex Ultrasound (DUS) or Arteriogram.
• Subject has adequate collateral circulation to the hand, in the opinion of the Investigator.
• At least one superficial outflow vein diameter ≥ 2.5 mm and in communication with the target creation site via a proximal forearm perforating vein.
Exclusion Criteria:
• The subject is in a hypercoagulable state.
• The subject has known bleeding diathesis.
• The subject has insufficient cardiac output to support a native fistula in the opinion of the Investigator.
• Known history of active intravenous drug abuse.
• "Planned" major surgical procedure within 6 months following index procedure or major surgery within 30 days prior to index procedure.
• The subject has a known allergy or hypersensitivity to contrast media which cannot be adequately pre-medicated.
• The subject has known adverse effects to sedation and/or anesthesia which cannot be adequately pre-medicated.
• Evidence of active infection on the day of the index procedure (temperature of ≥ 38.0° Celsius and/ or WBC of ≥ 12,000 cells/ μL, if collected).
• The subject has another medical condition, which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may cause him/her to be non-compliant with the protocol, confound the data interpretation, or is associated with a life expectancy insufficient to allow for the completion of study procedures and follow-up.
• The subject is currently participating in an investigational drug or another device study that has not completed the study treatment or that clinically interferes with the study endpoints. Note: Studies requiring extended follow-up visits for products that were investigational, but have since become commercially available, are not considered investigational studies.
• The subject has central venous stenosis or central vein narrowing \> 50% based on imaging on the same side as the planned endoAVF creation.
• Absence of a proximal forearm perforating vein feeding the target cannulation vein(s) from the target creation site via Duplex Ultrasound (DUS) or Venography.
• Occlusion or stenosis \> 50% of target cannulation vein(s) such as cephalic, median cubital, basilic, etc. assessed via Duplex Ultrasound (DUS) or Venography.
• Significantly compromised venous or arterial flow in the treatment arm as determined by Investigator and Duplex Ultrasound (DUS) or Venography.
• Presence of significant calcification at the target endoAVF location that could potentially impact the effectiveness of endoAVF creation as determined by the Investigator.
Cool Prime Comparative Effectiveness Study for Mild HIE (COOLPRIME)
To determine effectiveness of therapy to improve neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants with mild HIE. To determine the adverse effects of Therapeutic Hypothermia (TH) in mild HIE on the neonate and his/her family. Determine heterogeneity of the treatment effect across key subgroups obtained in the first 6 hours after birth prior to the decision to initiate therapy.
Infants must meet all 3 inclusion criteria
• Neonates born at ≥ 36 0/7 weeks
• Mild Encephalopathy on neonatal neurologic exam within 6 hours after birth: defined as presence of at least 2 signs of mild, moderate, or severe encephalopathy with no more than 2 signs in the moderate or severe category.
• Perinatal Acidosis based on at least one of the following (A or B):
• pH ≤ 7.00 in any cord or first infant gas (arterial, venous, or capillary) within ≤ 60 min OR base deficit ≥ 16 in any cord or first infant gas (arterial, venous or capillary) within ≤ 60 min
• If pH is between 7.01 and 7.15, OR base deficit is between 10 and 15.9 mmol/liter, OR blood gas is not available, an acute perinatal event is an additional criteria required (see below definition)
An acute perinatal event is defined by at least one of the following:
• Apgar score at 10 min ≤ 5
• Continued need for resuscitation at 10 min (chest compressions, bag mask ventilation, or positive pressure ventilation)
• Uterine rupture, placental abruption, cord accident (prolapse, rupture, knot or tight nuchal cord)
• maternal trauma, maternal hemorrhage, or cardiorespiratory arrest
• fetal exsanguination from either vasa previa or feto-maternal hemorrhage, shoulder dystocia
• Any evidence suggestive of acute perinatal event.
Infants are still eligible for enrollment in the COOLPRIME study if the cord or infant's first blood gas (arterial, venous, or capillary) is obtained \>60 minutes of life.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Gestational age at birth \< 36 0/7 weeks
• Birth weight \< 1800gm
• Head circumference \<30cm
• Congenital or chromosomal anomaly associated with abnormal neurodevelopment or death
• Moderate or Severe HIE of 3 or more moderate or severe abnormalities on COOLPRIME Sarnat exam within 6 hours of life
• Any seizures within first six hours of life
• Redirection of care is being considered
PROCEDURE: Normothermia, PROCEDURE: Whole body therapeutic hypothermia
Mild Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy of Newborn, Brain and Nervous System
The CLOZAPINE study is designed as a multisite study across 5 sites and is a clinical trial, involving human participants who are prospectively assigned to an intervention. The study will utilize a stringent randomized, double-blinded, parallel group clinical trial design. B2 group will serve as psychosis control with risperidone as medication control. The study is designed to evaluate effect of clozapine on the B1 participants, and the effect that will be evaluated is a biomedical outcome. The study sample will be comprised of individuals with psychosis, including 1) schizophrenia, 2) schizoaffective disorder and 3) psychotic bipolar I disorder. The investigators plan to initially screen and recruit n=524 (from both the existing B-SNIP library and newly-identified psychosis cases, \~50% each) in order to enroll n=320 (B1 and B2) into the RCT.
* 18-60y/o; males and females; all races and ethnicities; able to provide written informed consent; able to read, speak, and understand English; medically stable; meeting DSM-IV (SCID-based) criteria for schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar I disorder with psychotic features (we will use DSM-IV to be consistent with prior B-SNIP samples); PANSS total score of ≥70 and at least one item scored ≥5 or two items scored ≥4 on PANSS Positive Subscale; normal baseline values for absolute neutrophil count (ANC above 1500/mm3)
Exclusion Criteria:
* premorbid intellectual ability estimate below 70 (WRAT-4, Word Reading subtest, age-corrected standardized score); comorbid DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol or substance abuse in prior 1 month or substance dependence in prior 3 months; neurological (e.g., seizure disorder, stroke, traumatic brain injury with a loss of consciousness ≥ 30min) or severe medical condition (e.g., decompensated cardiovascular disorder, AIDS) that may affect central nervous system function; concomitant medications known to affect EEG properties (i.e., lithium, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines) or strong CYP 1A2 inhibitors (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enoxacin) or strong CYP 3A4 inducers (e.g., phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital, rifampin) which cannot be safely discontinued; vulnerable populations (e.g., pregnant, nursing, incarcerated); unwilling to use reliable means of contraception; history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome; prior treatment with clozapine, prior treatment with long-acting injectable antipsychotics that are 1-month formulations within the past 3 months and for 3-month formulations within the past 6 months; intolerable side effects to either clozapine or risperidone in lifetime, or a previously failed trial of either clozapine or risperidone at adequate doses in lifetime; history of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome (DRESS), also known as drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS); high risk for suicide defined as more than 1 attempt in past 12 months that required medical attention, any attempt in the past 3 months or current suicidal ideation with plan and intent such that outpatient care is precluded; current homicidal ideation with plan and intent such that outpatient care is precluded.
DRUG: clozapine, DRUG: risperidone
Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Bipolar 1 Disorder, Brain and Nervous System
A Study to Compare Blinatumomab Alone to Blinatumomab With Nivolumab in Patients Diagnosed With First Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL)
This phase II trial studies the effect of nivolumab in combination with blinatumomab compared to blinatumomab alone in treating patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that has come back (relapsed). Down syndrome patients with relapsed B-ALL are included in this study. Blinatumomab is an antibody, which is a protein that identifies and targets specific molecules in the body. Blinatumomab searches for and attaches itself to the cancer cell. Once attached, an immune response occurs which may kill the cancer cell. Nivolumab is a medicine that may boost a patient's immune system. Giving nivolumab in combination with blinatumomab may cause the cancer to stop growing for a period of time, and for some patients, it may lessen the symptoms, such as pain, that are caused by the cancer.
* Patients must be \>= 1 and \< 31 years at time of enrollment
* Patients must have first relapse of CD19+ B-ALL (relapse blasts must express CD19) in one of the following categories:
* Isolated bone marrow relapse
* Isolated central nervous system (CNS) (excluding known optic nerve/retinal and CNS chloromas) and/or testicular relapse
* Combined bone marrow with extramedullary relapse in the CNS (excluding known optic nerve/retinal and CNS chloromas) and/or testes
* Patients with Down syndrome (DS) are eligible in the following categories:
* Isolated bone marrow relapse
* Combined bone marrow with CNS (excluding known optic nerve/retinal and CNS chloromas) and/or testicular relapse
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Of note, for patients with developmental delay (e.g., Down syndrome) regardless of age, Lansky scale may be substituted for Karnofsky scale. However, the requirement for ECOG 0-2 remains, regardless of known history of developmental delay
* Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
* Patients with prior blinatumomab or CD19+ chimeric antigen receptor therapy in the upfront setting will be eligible, provided relapsed lymphoblasts retain CD19 expression
* Patients must not have had a prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant
* A single intrathecal chemotherapy at the time of relapse will be allowed. If \< 7 days have elapsed between this intrathecal therapy (IT) and the start of protocol therapy, then the day 1 intrathecal chemotherapy (i.e. methotrexate, cytarabine, or triple intrathecal) may be omitted
* In the 28 days prior to enrollment, up to five days of post-relapse, pre-enrollment therapy (steroids and/or hydroxyurea only) is permissible
* Patients with Down syndrome who received pre-enrollment therapy and have a white blood count (WBC) \>= 30,000/ul at the time of enrollment still must receive protocol specified cytoreductive therapy with vincristine and dexamethasone, and no "washout" is required
* Patients with Down syndrome who received pre-enrollment therapy and have a WBC \< 30,000/ul at the time of enrollment must be given a 24 hour "washout" before starting immunotherapy
* Note: There is no waiting period or "washout" for patients who relapse while receiving upfront therapy
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows (within 7 calendar days prior to enrollment):
* Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
* 1 to \< 2 years: 0.6 (male), 0.6 (female)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
* The threshold creatinine values in this Table were derived from the Schwartz formula for estimating GFR utilizing child length and stature data published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC)
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of \>= 50% by echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or radionuclide angiogram
* No evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance, and a pulse oximetry \> 94% if there is clinical indication for determination
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LLy)
* Patients with Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma or mature B-cell leukemia
* Patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) B-ALL or ABL class Ph-like B-ALL (i.e. rearrangements involving ABL1, ABL2, CSF1R or PDGFRB and predicted to be sensitive to imatinib or dasatinib)
* Patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL)
* Patients with known Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
* Patients with known MYC translocation associated with mature (Burkitt) B-cell ALL, regardless of blast immunophenotype
* Patients with active, uncontrolled infection defined as:
* Positive bacterial blood culture within 48 hours of study enrollment
* Receiving IV or PO antibiotics for an infection with continued signs or symptoms. Note: Patients may be receiving IV or oral antibiotics to complete a course of therapy for a prior documented infection if cultures have been negative for at least 48 hours and signs or symptoms of active infection have resolved. For patients with clostridium (C.) difficile diarrhea, at least 72 hours of antibacterial therapy must have elapsed and stools must have normalized to baseline.
* Fever above 38.2 degrees Celsius (C) within 48 hours of study enrollment with clinical signs of infection. Fever without clinical signs of infection that is attributed to tumor burden is allowed if blood cultures are negative for \> 48 hours
* A positive fungal culture within 30 days of study enrollment or active therapy for presumed invasive fungal infection
* Active viral or protozoal infection requiring IV treatment
* Patients known to have one of the following concomitant genetic syndromes: Bloom syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome or any other known bone marrow failure syndrome are not eligible.
* Patients with uncontrolled HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C infection. Of note, patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load for at least the last 6 months prior to enrollment are eligible. Similarly, hepatitis B and hepatitis C positive patients who have been treated and have no viral detectable burden are also eligible
* Patients with significant central nervous system pathology that would preclude treatment with blinatumomab, including history of severe neurologic disorder or autoimmune disease with CNS involvement
* Note: Patients with a history of seizures that are well controlled on stable doses of anti-epileptic drugs are eligible Patients with a history of cerebrovascular ischemia/hemorrhage with residual deficits are not eligible. Patients with a history of cerebrovascular ischemia/hemorrhage remain eligible provided all neurologic deficits have resolved
* Patients with an active known/suspected autoimmune disease are not eligible. However, patients with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll
* Patients with DS patients with known non-hematopoietic, non-CNS/testicular extramedullary disease (i.e., chloromatous disease) are not eligible
* Note: Group 3 and 4 patients with known non-hematopoietic, non-CNS/testicular extramedullary disease (i.e., chloromatous disease) are eligible if this is NOT the only site of relapsed disease
* Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained within 7 days prior to enrollment. Patients who are sexually active and of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they agree to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of this study. Men with female partners of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during the duration of their treatment. The effect of blinatumomab on fertility has not been evaluated. Blinatumomab is not recommended for pregnant women or women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) not using contraception. Females of reproductive potential must use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 48 hours after the last dose of blinatumomab. Studies in animal models have shown that nivolumab can adversely impair pregnancy. Thus, nivolumab is expected to cause fetal harm during pregnancy. WOCBP receiving nivolumab must continue contraception for a period of at least 5 months after the last dose of nivolumab. It is unknown whether nivolumab is present in breast milk, thus breastfeeding should be discontinued while a patient is receiving nivolumab
* Lactating females are not eligible unless they agree to not breastfeed their infants. It is unknown whether blinatumomab or its metabolites are excreted in human breast milk. Women are not permitted to breastfeed while receiving blinatumomab and for the last 48 hours after the last blinatumomab dose. Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, women are not permitted to breastfeed during treatment and for 5 months after the last nivolumab dose
Pemigatinib After Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
This phase I trial identifies the best dose and clinical benefit of giving pemigatinib following standard induction chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Pemigatinib selectively inhibits FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) activity, a receptor that may contribute to the growth of leukemia cells. The genetic changes responsible for activating the growth of leukemia cells can be unique to each patient and can change during the course of the disease. Chemotherapy drugs, such as cytarabine and daunorubicin work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading.
* PRE-SCREENING INCLUSION CRITERIA: Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* PRE-SCREENING INCLUSION CRITERIA: Age \>= 18 years at time of informed consent. Both men and women of all races and ethnic groups will be included
* PRE-SCREENING INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants must consent to a bone marrow aspirate/biopsy that will be collected prior to start of planned 7+3 induction therapy. Patients with known favorable risk AML (2022 European Leukemia Net \[ELN\] Guidelines) or FLT3 mutations should not be pre-screened. If the risk category is unknown, then it is okay to pre-screen patients for study. Adverse or intermediate risk needs to be confirmed prior to treatment with pemigatinib (during screening period) as outlined below
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: For both the dose-determining and dose-expansion cohort, study population is limited to: Newly diagnosed, morphologically documented AML, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 classification, with wild-type FLT3 and cytogenetics or mutations associated with intermediate or adverse prognostic risk per European Leukemia Net (ELN) guidelines. These include:
* t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); MLLT3-KMT2A
* Cytogenetic abnormalities not classified as favorable
* t(6;9)(p23;q34.1); DEK-NUP214
* t(v;11q23.3); KMT2A rearranged
* t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1
* inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2); GATA2,MECOM(EVI1)
* -5 or del(5q); -7; -17/abn(17p)
* Complex karyotype - defined as three or more unrelated chromosome abnormalities in the absence of 1 of the WHO-designated recurring translocations or inversions, that is, t(8;21), inv(16) or t(16;16), t(9;11), t(v;11)(v;q23.3), t(6;9), inv(3) or t(3;3); AML with BCR-ABL1
* Monosomal karyotype - defined by the presence of 1 single monosomy (excluding loss of X or Y) in association with at least 1 additional monosomy or structural chromosome abnormality (excluding core-binding factor AML)
* Mutated RUNX1 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated BCOR (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated EZH2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated ASXL1 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated SF3B1 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated SRSF2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated STAG2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated U2AF1, (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated ZRSR2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated TP53 (mono- or biallelic) at a variant allele fraction of at least 10%
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum creatinine clearance \>= 30 mL/min (as calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum phosphate within institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) or can be corrected with supplementation/ phosphate binders to be within institutional ULN (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum electrolytes within institutional ULN: potassium, calcium (total, or corrected for serum albumin in case of hypoalbuminemia) and magnesium. If outside of normal limits, participant will be eligible when electrolytes are corrected (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Total serum bilirubin =\< 3 x ULN (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) =\< 3 x ULN (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants must consent to standard of care bone marrow aspirate/biopsies during treatment. Bone marrow biopsies will be obtained prior to study, on day 21 (+/- 3 days, if considered institutional standard of care), after recovery from induction therapy, and at the end of consolidation and/or prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Female participants of childbearing potential must agree to use effective contraception (2 forms of contraception or abstinence) from the screening visit until 6 months following the last dose of study treatment. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Male patients of childbearing potential having intercourse with females of childbearing potential must agree to abstain from heterosexual intercourse or have their partner use 2 forms of contraception from the screening visit until 3 months following the last dose of study treatment. The male participant must also refrain from sperm donation from the screening visit until 3 months following the last dose of study treatment
Exclusion Criteria:
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, or AML M3 subtype) per WHO classification
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: AML with FLT3 mutations that qualify for standard of care treatment with 7+3 and midostaurin (e.g. FLT3 ITD or TKD with allelic ratio \> 0.05)
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Favorable risk AML: inv(16), t(8;21), NPM1 mutations without FLT3-ITD, or in-frame mutations (mono- or biallelic) affecting the basic leucine zipper region of CEBPA
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Any cancer-directed therapy within 2 weeks prior to starting planned 7+3 induction regimen, with the exception of hydroxyurea, which is allowed to control white blood cell count, or empiric all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for suspected APL
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Prior receipt of a selective FGFR inhibitor
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Known liver disease
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: History of calcium and phosphate hemostasis disorder or systemic mineral imbalance with ectopic calcification of soft tissues
* Except for commonly observed calcifications in soft tissues such as the skin, kidney tendon, or vessels due to injury, disease, or aging in the absence of systemic mineral imbalance)
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: History of hypovitaminosis D being actively treated with supraphysiologic doses (e.g., 50,000 IU/weekly) to replenish the deficiency. Supraphysiologic doses of vitamin D need to be discontinued prior to starting pemigatinib. Vitamin D supplements are allowed
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis C detectable by PCR, or chronic hepatitis B
* Individuals positive for hepatitis B core antibody who are receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are eligible if HepB PCR is negative
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: History of cerebrovascular accident or intracranial hemorrhage within 2 months of enrollment
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Unwillingness to receive infusion of blood products
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Inability to take oral medication
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Gastrointestinal condition/disorders that may raise gastric and/or small intestinal pH that could interfere with absorption, metabolism, or excretion of pemigatinib
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Known history and/or current evidence of ectopic mineralization/calcification, including (but not limited to): soft tissue, kidneys, intestine, myocardia, or lung, excepting calcified lymph nodes and asymptomatic arterial or cartilage/tendon calcification
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Concurrent active malignancy with expected survival of \< 1 year
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Active central nervous system involvement with AML
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Clinically significant coagulation abnormality (e.g., disseminated intravascular coagulation) that is present on or by day 8 of induction therapy prior to starting pemigatinib
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Clinically significant or uncontrolled cardiac disease, including unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction within 6 months from day 1 of planned induction therapy, New York Heart Association class III or IV congestive heart failure, and uncontrolled arrhythmia (participants with pacemaker or with atrial fibrillation and well controlled heart rate are allowed). History or presence of an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) that, in the investigator's opinion, is clinically meaningful.
* A screening QT interval by Fridericia's Correction Formula (QTcF) interval \> 480 ms will result in exclusion.
* For participants with an intraventricular conduction delay (QRS interval \> 120 ms), the JTc interval may be used in place of the QTc with approval from Sponsor-Investigator. The JTc must be =\< 340 ms if JTc is used in place of the QTc.
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiogram \< 45% prior to initiating pemigatinib
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Active infection that is not well-controlled by antibacterial or antiviral therapy
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Current use of prohibited medications including use of any potent CYP3A4 inducers within 14 days or five half-lives (whichever is longer) before the first dose of study drug.
* Use of CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided but, if medically necessary, is permitted with a dose reduction of study drug
* Use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors are permitted.
* Based on the low overall bioavailability of topical ketoconazole, there are no restrictions on topical ketoconazole
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Current use of prohibited medication
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Hypersensitivity to pemigatinib, or its excipients, when administered alone
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Current evidence of corneal disorder/keratopathy, including (but not limited to): bullous/band keratopathy, corneal abrasion, inflammation/ulceration, keratoconjunctivitis, etc., as confirmed by ophthalmologic examination.
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Pregnancy or breastfeeding at the time of enrollment
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Any concurrent condition that, in the investigator's opinion, would jeopardize the safety of the participant or compliance with the protocol
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Active central nervous system involvement with AML
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with FLT mutations
PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Aspirate, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Biopsy, DRUG: Cytarabine, DRUG: Daunorubicin, PROCEDURE: Electrocardiography, DRUG: Pemigatinib
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloid and Monocytic Leukemia
Comparing the Outcome of Immunotherapy-Based Drug Combination Therapy With or Without Surgery to Remove the Kidney in Metastatic Kidney Cancer, the PROBE Trial (PROBE)
This phase III trial compares the effect of adding surgery to a standard of care immunotherapy-based drug combination versus a standard of care immunotherapy-based drug combination alone in treating patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and avelumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Axitinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Surgery to remove the kidney, called a nephrectomy, is also considered standard of care; however, doctors who treat kidney cancer do not agree on its benefits. It is not yet known if the addition of surgery to an immunotherapy-based drug combination works better than an immunotherapy-based drug combination alone in treating patients with kidney cancer.
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a histologically proven diagnosis of clear cell or non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Participants with collecting duct carcinoma histology are not eligible. Participants with multifocal or bilateral tumors are eligible
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have primary tumor in place
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have the following scans performed, showing clinical evidence of measurable or non-measurable metastatic disease:
* Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest (can be performed without contrast if CT contrast cannot be given)
* CT of abdomen and pelvis with contrast OR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast
Scans must be performed within the following timeframes:
* Treatment naive participants must have scans documenting metastatic disease completed within 90 days prior to study registration
* Previously treated participants must have scans documenting metastatic disease completed within 90 days prior to first dose of systemic treatment
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants with symptomatic metastases may have received palliative radiotherapy or receive palliative radiotherapy after registration
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have no clear contraindications to nephrectomy
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must be offered the opportunity to participate in specimen bank. With participant consent, specimens must be collected and submitted via the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) Specimen Tracking System
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: As part of the Oncology Patient Enrollment Network (OPEN) registration process the treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been entered in the system
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have at least one of the following scans performed 12 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) after starting pre-randomization treatment
* CT scan of the chest (can be performed without contrast if CT contrast cannot be given)
* CT of abdomen and pelvis with contrast OR MRI of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast Scans must be performed within 28 days prior to randomization. Response should be assessed by comparing with a CT or MRI of the chest, abdomen and pelvis obtained prior to starting pre-randomization treatment. Participants with complete response in all metastatic sites are not eligible to randomize to Step 2
• STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have one of the following objective statuses after 12 weeks of pre-randomization treatment
* Stable disease
* Partial response
* The treating investigator believes the patient is deriving clinical benefit from systemic therapy AND have Zubrod performance status 0-1
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must plan to continue the immune-based therapy received during pre-randomization treatment
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must be randomized on or between the 11th and 14th week of protocol-directed pre-randomization treatment therapy
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have received at least one of the minimum amounts of immunotherapy:
* 2 infusions of nivolumab + 1 infusion of ipilimumab
* 2 infusions of pembrolizumab
* 2 infusions of avelumab
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a planned surgery date within 42 days of randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must be a surgical candidate as determined by study urologist. The urology consult should be done within 42 days prior to randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a complete physical examination and medical history within 28 days prior to randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 28 days prior to randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Total bilirubin =\< institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days prior to randomization)
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 3 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days prior to randomization)
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x the institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) OR measured OR calculated creatinine clearance \>= 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault Formula) (must have been drawn and processed within 28 days prior to randomization)
Exclusion Criteria:
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have known active brain metastases. Participants with previously treated brain metastases are eligible if participant has no neurologic signs or symptoms suggestive of brain metastasis. Brain imaging studies are not required. If brain imaging studies are performed, they must be negative for disease
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have received the following prior treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma:
* Treatment naive participants must not have received any prior lines of systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma beyond the line intended as part of protocol therapy
* Previously treated participants must not have received any systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma beyond the one regimen received off protocol as specified in Step 1 pre-randomization treatment
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have received more than the following amounts protocol-directed pre-randomization treatment:
* Treatment naive participants must not have received any pre-randomization treatment.
* Previously treated participants must not be planning to receive any additional treatment prior to Step 2 randomization, and must not have received more than the following amounts of pre-randomization treatment:
* 4 infusions of nivolumab
* 4 infusions of ipilimumab
* 4 infusions of pembrolizumab
* 7 infusions of avelumab
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have received immunotherapy for any cancer within the following timeframes:
* Treatment naive participants must not have received any immunotherapy within a year of registration
* Previously treated participants must not have received any other immunotherapy within a year of the start of off protocol specified pre-randomization treatment
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have a solitary kidney and not have a transplanted kidney
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, any in situ or T1 cancer, adequately treated stage I or II cancer from which the participant is currently in complete remission, or any other cancer from which the participant has been disease free for at least two years
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have been previously diagnosed with a medical condition that makes them ineligible for immune based combination therapy or nephrectomy
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must not show progression in the primary tumor. Participants who are considered to have pseudo progression are allowed
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have known active brain metastases. Participants with previously treated brain metastases are eligible if participant has no neurologic signs or symptoms suggestive of brain metastasis. Brain imaging studies are not required. If brain imaging studies are performed, they must be negative for disease
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, adequately treated stage I or II cancer from which the participant is currently in complete remission, or any other cancer from which the participant has been disease free for two years
PROCEDURE: Cytoreductive Nephrectomy, DRUG: Active Comparator
Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8, Kidney
Trametinib and Everolimus for Treatment of Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Recurrent Gliomas (PNOC021)
This phase I trial studies the side effects and best dose of trametinib and everolimus in treating pediatric and young adult patients with gliomas that have come back (recurrent). Trametinib acts by targeting a protein in cells called MEK and disrupting tumor growth. Everolimus is a drug that may block another pathway in tumor cells that can help tumors grow. Giving trametinib and everolimus may work better to treat low and high grade gliomas compared to trametinib or everolimus alone.
* Participants must have histologically confirmed diagnosis of an LGG (WHO grade I-II) that is recurrent or progressive after prior treatment (biologic, chemotherapy or radiation therapy) or must have a histologically confirmed diagnosis of a high grade glioma (HGG) (WHO grade III-VI)
* Participants with LGG who have had surgery alone are not eligible.
* Participants with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1) are eligible but must have available tissue per study requirements neurofibromatosis (NF) status will be collected
* Participants with spinal cord primaries or disseminated disease are eligible
* For enrollment, snap frozen tissue (150 mg) or 10 unstained 10 um formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) slides for comprehensive genomic testing or results of prior testing is required
* If clinical comprehensive testing has already been performed, the requirement for submission of tissue may be waived after discussion and review of results with study chairs
* Participants must have evaluable disease
* Prior therapy: Participants must have received prior therapy other than surgery and must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, biologics, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
* Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Participants must have received their last dose of known myelosuppressive anticancer chemotherapy at least three weeks prior to study registration or at least six weeks if they had received nitrosourea. Biologic agents: Participant must have recovered from any acute toxicity potentially related to the agent and received their last dose of the biologic agent \>= 7 days prior to study registration. For biologic agents that have a prolonged half-life, at least three half-lives must have elapsed prior to registration
* Participants may have received prior treatment with a mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) or Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor but must not have developed severe (grade III or IV) clinically significant toxicity. (Participants who developed grade III or IV toxicity which was not presumed by the treating physician to be medically significant should be discussed with the study chair or co-chair)
* Monoclonal antibody treatment: Participants must have received their last dose at least four weeks prior to study registration
* Radiation: Participants must have: had their last fraction of local irradiation to the primary tumor, craniospinal irradiation (\> 24 Gy) or total body irradiation \> 12 weeks prior to registration; investigators are reminded to review potentially eligible cases to confirm disease progression and avoid confusion with pseudo-progression
* Bone marrow transplant: Participants must be: \>= 6 months since allogeneic bone marrow transplant prior to registration; \>= 3 months since autologous bone marrow/stem cell prior to registration
* Corticosteroids: Participants who are receiving steroids must be on a stable or decreasing dose for at least 1 week prior to registration
* Karnofsky \>= 50 for participants \> 16 years of age and Lansky \>= 50 for participants =\< 16 years of age. Participants who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/mm\^3 (unsupported)
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/mm\^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8 m/dL (may be supported)
* International normalized ratio (INR) =\< 1.5
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope growth factor receptor (rGFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
* 1 to \< 2 years: 0.6 (male), 0.6 (female)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
* Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
* Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 3 x ULN
* Serum albumin \>= 2 g/dL
* Sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium within 1.5 x institutional lower limit of normal (LLN) or ULN
* Participants must have cholesterol level \< 350 mg/dL and triglycerides \< 400 mg/dL before starting therapy. In case one or both of these are exceeded, the participant can only be included after initiation of appropriate lipid lowering medication and documentation of cholesterol \< 350 mg/dL and triglycerides \< 400mg/dl before start of therapy
* Participants with seizure disorder may be enrolled if well controlled. Participants must be on non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants which are not excluded on study therapy
* Participants with neurological deficits should have deficits that are stable for a minimum of 1 week prior to registration
* Corrected QT (QTc) interval =\< 450 msecs
* Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \>= 50%
* Pulse oximeter (Ox) \> 93% on room air
* Hypertension
* Participants 3-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =\< 95th percentile for age, height, and gender at the time of registration
* Participants who are \>= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure that is \< 140/90 mm of Hg at the time of registration
* Participants must agree to use adequate contraception: The effects of trametinib and everolimus on the developing human fetus are unknown. For this reason, women of child-bearing potential and males of child fathering potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation and 4 months after completion of trametinib and everolimus administration. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
* A legal parent/guardian or participant must be able to understand, and willing to sign, a written informed consent and assent document, as appropriate per institutional guidelines
Exclusion Criteria:
* Participants who are receiving any other investigational agent for treatment of their tumor
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to everolimus or trametinib
* Participants without available tissue from prior surgery. (If clinical comprehensive testing has already been performed, the requirement for submission of tissue may be waived after discussion and review of results with study chairs)
* Participant is receiving any of the following medications within 7 days prior to enrollment (If participants require (re)initiation of these agents after enrollment and prior to start of therapy they will not be eligible to initiate study therapy):
* Known strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4/5, including enzyme inducing anti-convulsant drugs (EIACDs), grapefruit, grapefruit hybrids, pomelos, starfruit, and Seville oranges
* Substrates of CYP3A4/5 with a narrow therapeutic index
* Herbal preparations/medications (except for vitamins) including, but not limited to: St. John's wort, Kava, ephedra (ma huang), gingko biloba, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), yohimbe, saw palmetto, black cohosh and ginseng. Participants should stop using all herbal medications at least 7 days prior to enrollment
* As part of the enrollment/informed consent procedures, the participant and/or legal parent or guardian will be counseled on the risk of interactions with other agents, and what to do if new medications need to be prescribed or if the participant is considering a new over-the-counter medicine or herbal product
* Women of childbearing potential who are pregnant or breast-feeding
* Female participants of childbearing potential must have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test within 72 hours of enrollment AND within 72 hours prior to receiving the first dose of study medication. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive participants will be ineligible if HIV therapy regimen has not been stable for at least 4 weeks or there is intent to change the regimen within 8 weeks following enrollment, or if they are severely immunocompromised
* Participants with known hepatitis B or C are not eligible
* Participants with any clinically significant unrelated systemic illness (serious infectious or significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or other organ dysfunction), which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with the study procedures or results
* Participants with other factors that increase the risk of QT prolongation or arrhythmic events (e.g., heart failure, hypokalemia, family history of long QT interval syndrome) including heart failure that meets New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or above are excluded
DRUG: Everolimus, DRUG: Trametinib
Recurrent World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II Glioma, Low-grade Glioma, High Grade Glioma, Brain and Nervous System
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), MAPK, PI3K
Temsirolimus Adventitial Delivery to Improve ANGioplasty and/or Atherectomy Revascularization Outcomes Below the Knee (TANGO-3)
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of Temsirolimus Perivascular Injection 0.1 mg/mL on the incidence of ischemia-driven major amputation, clinically driven target lesion revascularization, and clinically relevant target lesion occlusion after revascularization of lesions below the knee in patients with symptomatic Rutherford 3-5 peripheral artery disease. The primary safety endpoint will be gathered at 1-month post-index procedure. The primary efficacy endpoint will be gathered at 6 months post-index procedure. Participants will be followed for up to 5 years post-index procedure.
Inclusion Criteria
Pre-procedural:
• Participant has signed and dated informed consent, is capable of understanding the nature, significance and implications of the clinical trial, and is willing to comply with all study procedures and follow-up visits for the duration of the study.
• Participant is male or female, aged 18 years or older.
• If participant is female and of reproductive potential: agreement to use a highly effective contraception (abstinence is acceptable) for at least 90 days after study treatment.
• Participant has severe claudication (Rutherford 3) or chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) (Rutherford 4-5) in the Target Limb.
Angiographic/Procedural:
• Participant has up to two de novo or restenotic Qualified Target Lesions meeting the following criteria, each based on the Investigator's visual assessment. Target Lesions should be considered separate if they are located in separate vessels (not in the same blood path) or have more than 10 cm intervening normal artery.
Diameter
• ≥70% diameter stenosis anywhere within the Target Lesion or ≥50% diameter stenosis spanning at least 10 cm of length.
• Reference (normal) vessel diameter ≥2 mm and ≤8 mm. Location
• Any lesion chosen as a Target Lesion is in or spans at least one below-knee popliteal (P3 segment), tibial, or peroneal artery and is a culprit for dominant disease symptoms based on Investigator's assessment.
• ≥50% of the Target Lesion length is below the knee joint space (\<50% of Target Lesion length may extend above the midline of the knee joint space).
• ≥10 mm away from any previously placed stent or graft.
• A Target Lesion may cross an ostium of another artery (i.e. pass a bifurcation) but may only include one of the two branches. (Notes: Investigator should choose the dominant lesion for Target Lesion. Bifurcated lesions should be excluded, but if a lesion in a bifurcating vessel is separate from a Target Lesion based on intervening normal artery from which a proximal reference diameter can be measured, it may be treated as a second Target Lesion.) Length
• ≤30 cm in cumulative length from most proximal to most distal normal segment bounding the Target Lesion(s).
• A single Target Lesion may be comprised of multiple lesions or multifocal lesions (i.e. tandem lesions) if there is no continuous normal segment \>10cm in length within the Target Lesion.
• Target Lesion may be in a vessel with another Target Lesion or above-knee non-target lesion if it is \>10 cm away.
• Participant receives successful revascularization, based on the following Investigator visual assessments:
• Target Lesion and any treated non-target lesion in a Target Vessel or its inflow has \<30% residual stenosis, outflow has \<50% stenosis, and there is no flow-limiting dissection or perforation after treatment in an inflow vessel or Target Vessel.
• Participant has distal run-off into the foot with a patent named pedal artery.
Exclusion Criteria
Pre-procedural:
• Participant is already enrolled in another clinical study of systemic or local vascular drug therapy or a vascular device study that has not completed its primary endpoint, including prior enrollment in this study.
• Participant is pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant during the first 12 months after their enrollment in the study.
• Participant has presence of another anatomic or comorbid condition, or other medical, social, or psychological condition that, in the investigator's opinion, could limit the participant's ability to complete the clinical investigation or comply with follow-up requirements.
• Incapacitated individuals, defined as persons who are mentally ill, mentally handicapped, or individuals without legal authority, are excluded from the study population.
• Participant has a life expectancy of ≤1 year.
• Participant received in the prior 2 months, is currently receiving, or is planned to receive systemic immunosuppressive therapy, immunotherapy or chemotherapy.
• Participant has platelet count \< 100,000 cells per microliter or \> 700,000 cells per microliter, or hemoglobin \< 7.5 g/dL.
• Participant is unable to receive H1 antihistamine, temsirolimus or iodinated contrast medium due to labeled contra-indications or known sensitivity reactions except for contrast allergies for which adequate prophylaxis may be used.
• Participant has a CNS tumor.
• Participant has had a myocardial infarction within the 30 days prior to study procedure.
• Participant has had a cerebrovascular accident within the 90 days prior to the study procedure.
• Participant has had an intracerebral hemorrhage within the 1 year prior to the study procedure.
• Participant has had any vascular surgical or endovascular procedure performed within the 30 days prior to the Index Procedure or planned within the 30 days after the Index Procedure; allowable exceptions to this exclusion include the following:
• Procedures performed during the same setting as the Index Procedure.
• Prior staged revascularization in the Target Limb but not the Target Lesion (e.g. for inflow revascularization) within the 30 days prior to the Index Procedure.
• Participant has a patent, previously implanted bypass graft within 3 cm of the Target Lesion.
• Participant is bedridden or unable to walk (with assistance is acceptable). Participants in wheelchair who are able to mobilize on their own can be enrolled.
• Participant has a planned major (above the ankle) amputation in the Target Limb.
• Participant has had any amputation to the ipsilateral extremity other than the toe or forefoot, or has had major amputation to the contralateral extremity \< 1 year prior to index procedure and is not independently ambulating.
• Participant has signs or symptoms of advanced limb infection or septicemia (fever \> 38.5℃, white blood cell count \> 15,000 cells per microliter, hypotension) at the time of assessment. Osteomyelitis of the phalanges or metatarsal heads or cellulitis of the foot amenable to treatment with IV antibiotics at the time of revascularization is acceptable.
• Participant has extensive tissue loss salvageable only with complex foot reconstruction or non-traditional amputations (e.g. Chopart or Lisfranc extending more proximal than a traditional transmetatarsal amputation), including any of the following conditions:
• Osteomyelitis that extends proximal to the metatarsal heads. Osteomyelitis limited to the phalanges or metatarsal heads is acceptable for enrollment.
• Any of the following involving the plantar skin of the forefoot, midfoot, or heel that cannot be effectively removed with a transmetatarsal amputation:
i) Gangrene. ii) Deep ulcer (penetrating deeper than the dermis to subcutaneous structures involving facia, muscle or tendon).
iii) Large shallow ulcer (not penetrating deeper than the dermis and \>3cm in any measurement).
c) Full thickness heel ulcer with or without calcaneal involvement. d) Any wound with calcaneal bone involvement. e) Dorsal wound with extensive necrosis requiring planned amputation more proximal than a transmetatarsal amputation.
f) Wounds that are deemed to be neuropathic or non-ischemic in nature. g) Wounds that would require flap coverage or complex wound management for large soft tissue defect.
• Participant has a bilirubin level of \>1.5xULN (upper limit of normal range).
• Participant has an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 30 mL/min, except for patients with end stage renal disease on stable, chronic dialysis.
Angiographic/Procedural:
• Participant has severe, advanced atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease (treated or left untreated) in the Target Limb which, in the opinion of the Investigator, has limited likelihood of a successful outcome.
• Participant has stenotic lesions, flow limiting dissection, or complication in any of the inflow or outflow vessels in the flow path of the Target Lesion, left untreated or after treatment, with residual stenosis \>30% based on the Investigator's visual assessment.
• Participant receives or has received external radiation therapy to the target limb, vascular brachytherapy, cryotherapy, or drug-coated balloon (DCB) as part of the Target Lesion treatment during the index procedure or previous 6 months.
• Participant has been treated with a non-resorbable stent/scaffold in the Target Lesion in a prior setting (i.e. in-stent restenosis) or a bioresorbable scaffold in the Target Lesion in the previous 12 months.
• Participant has a severe (Type C or worse) dissection within the Target Lesion after revascularization but prior to Bullfrog drug delivery.
• Participant has an untreated aneurysm in the iliac, common femoral, superficial femoral, popliteal, or Target Vessel of the ipsilateral limb.
• Participant has visible thrombus requiring thrombolysis, percutaneous thrombectomy, or other treatment for acute limb ischemia of the Target Limb.
• Participant has angiographic evidence of thromboembolism or atheroembolism in the ipsilateral extremity upon completion of the intervention. (Pre- and post-angiographic imaging must confirm the absence of emboli in the distal anatomy.)
• Participant has a Target Lesion that cannot be crossed with a guide wire; however, subintimal wire crossing is allowed.
• Participant has heavy calcification at Target Lesion, which in the judgment of the investigator would prevent penetration of the Micro-Infusion Device needle through the vessel wall across the majority of the Target Lesion.
Combination of Novel Therapies for CKD Comorbid Depression (CONCORD)
The overall goal of the study is to determine if treatment of a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) improves the outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We showed that MDD is present in 25% of CKD patients and independently associated with progression to End-Stage Kidney Disease, hospitalization, and death. Depression is also associated with lower quality of life (QOL), fatigue, poor sleep, and non-adherence to diet and medications. However, evidence for efficacy and tolerability of commonly-used antidepressant medications or nonpharmacologic treatments are limited in CKD patients. Our group was the first to conduct a double-blind randomized controlled trial for MDD treatment in 201 patients with non-dialysis CKD, and showed that sertraline, a commonly used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), was no more efficacious than placebo for improving depressive symptoms. It becomes imperative to test novel strategies to treat MDD in CKD. We propose to compare with a control group, the efficacy and tolerability of two novel treatment strategies - (1) Behavioral Activation Teletherapy (BAT) for 16 weeks, with the addition of bupropion, a non-SSRI antidepressant, at 8 weeks for patients whose depression has not remitted (non-remitters); and (2) bupropion for 16 weeks, with the addition of BAT at 8 weeks for non-remitters. In Aim 1, we will investigate the efficacy and tolerability of these 2 strategies vs. control for improvement in a primary endpoint of depressive symptoms in 201 patients (67 per group) with CKD stages 3b-5 and MDD at 2 sites, randomized 1:1:1 to either strategy or a control group of Clinical Management plus placebo. We hypothesize that either approach vs. control will result in a minimal clinically important difference of 2 points improvement in depressive symptoms, as ascertained blindly by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. In Aim 2 we will investigate the efficacy and tolerability of 8 weeks of (1) single-blind BAT plus placebo or (2) double-blind bupropion plus Clinical Management vs. control for improvement in depressive symptoms. In Aim 3, we will compare the efficacy of these 2 treatments strategies vs. control for improvement in CKD patient-centered outcomes including a. adherence to medications and healthcare visits; b. fatigue; c. sleep; and d. overall functioning. A clinical trial is urgently needed to address the evidence gap that exists for MDD treatment in CKD patients.
• Male or female adults aged 18 years or greater. There will be no upper age limit.
• Presence of CKD stages 3b, 4 or 5, with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of \<45 mL/min/1.73 m2 for a period of at least 3 months, as defined by the National Kidney Foundation and determined using the four-variable Modification of Diet for Renal Diseases Study formula.
• Presence of a current Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) based on MINI DSM IV-based criteria
• Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self-report (QIDS-SR) score of ≥11 at enrollment and ≥11 on QIDS-Clinician Rated (QIDS-C) at randomization.
• Able to understand and sign informed consent after the nature of the study has been fully explained
• Kidney transplant patients that are at least 6 month post-transplantation (3 months post-transplant, with at least another 3 months to confirm eGFR \<45)
Exclusion Criteria:
• Unable to understand or give informed consent.
• Unwilling or unable to participate in the protocol or comply with any of its components
• Significant hepatic dysfunction or liver enzyme abnormalities 3 times or greater than the upper limit of normal
• Terminal chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or cancer
• Presence of seizure disorder
• Current use of class I anti-arrhythmic medications (such as 1C propafenone and flecanide), pimozide, MAO inhibitors, reserpine, guanethidine, cimetidine, or methyldopa; tri-cyclic anti-depressants, neuroleptics, or anti-convulsants
• Use of serotonergic drugs or supplements such as triptans, tramadol, linezolid, tryptophan, and St. John's Wort.
• Use of medications known to cause QT prolongation on EKG
• Ongoing use of antidepressant medications for depression treatment
• Past treatment failure on bupropion
• Initiation of depression-focused psychotherapy in the 3 months prior to study entry
• Active alcohol or substance abuse or dependence that requires acute detoxification at study entry
• Present or past psychosis or Bipolar I or II disorder
• Dementia or a Mini-Mental State Examination score \<23
• Active suicidal intent
• Pregnancy, lactation, or women of childbearing potential not willing to use adequate contraception
A Phase 1/2, Open-label, Safety and Dosing Study of Autologous CART Cells (Desmoglein 3 Chimeric Autoantibody Receptor T Cells [DSG3-CAART] or CD19-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells [CABA-201]) in Subjects With Active, Pemphigus Vulgaris (RESET-PV)
A phase 1/2, open-label, safety and dosing study of autologous CART cells (desmoglein 3 chimeric autoantibody receptor T cells \[DSG3-CAART\] or CD19-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor T cells \[CABA-201\]) in subjects with active, pemphigus vulgaris
Inclusion Criteria for DSG3-CAART: Closed to enrollment
* Confirmed diagnosis of mPV by prior or screening biopsy and prior positive anti- DSG3 antibody ELISA
* mPV inadequately managed by at least one standard immunosuppressive therapies
* Active mPV at screening
* Anti-DSG3 antibody ELISA positive at screening
Inclusion Criteria for CABA-201 sub-study: Open to enrollment
* Age ≥18
* Confirmed diagnosis of PV by prior or screening biopsy and prior positive DSG3 ELISA, IIF, and/or DIF
* PV inadequately managed by at least one standard immunosuppressive therapy
* Active PV at screening
* DSG3 ELISA positive at screening
Exclusion Criteria:
* Active cutaneous lesions associated with PV that indicates mucocutaneous rather than mucosal-dominant disease
* Rituximab in last 12 months unless PV symptoms have recently worsened or anti-DSG3 antibody titers have recently increased
* Prednisone \> 0.25mg/kg/day
* Other autoimmune disorder requiring immunosuppressive therapies
* Investigational treatment in last 3 months
Exclusion Criteria for CABA-201 sub-study
* Have paraneoplastic pemphigus or active malignancy (not including non-melanoma skin cancer) or malignancy diagnosed within the previous 5 years
* Have received rituximab or other anti-CD20 or anti-CD19 therapies in last 12 months unless anti-DSG3 antibody titers have recently increased or PV symptoms have recently worsened
* Prednisone \> 0.25mg/kg/day
* Other autoimmune disorder requiring immunosuppressive therapies
* Treatment with any investigational agent within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer.
BIOLOGICAL: DSG3-CAART, BIOLOGICAL: CABA-201
Pemphigus Vulgaris, Esophagus, Lip, Oral Cavity and Pharynx, Other Skin, Rectum
The ExTINGUISH Trial of Inebilizumab in NMDAR Encephalitis (ExTINGUISH)
Determine the difference in the modified Rankin score at 16 weeks in participants with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis treated with "first-line" immunomodulatory therapies provided as standard-of-care, and either inebilizumab (investigational agent) or placebo.
Inclusion Criteria
• Diagnosis of NMDAR encephalitis, defined by both a and b:
• A subacute onset of change in mental status consistent with autoimmune encephalitis,
• A positive cell-based assay for anti-NMDA receptor IgG antibody in the CSF confirmed in study-specified laboratories.
• Participants, ≥ 12 years of age at the time of informed consent. Participants under 18 years of age must weigh ≥40 kilograms.
• Written informed consent and any locally required authorization (e.g., Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act \[HIPAA\] in the United States of America \[USA\], European Union \[EU\] Data Privacy Directive in the EU) obtained from the participant/legal representative prior to performing any protocol-related procedures, including screening evaluations.
• Non-sterilized participants who are sexually active with a partner capable of becoming pregnant must use a condom with spermicide from Day 1 through to the end of the study and must agree to continue using such precautions for at least 6 months after the final dose of IP. A recommendation will be made that the partners (capable of becoming pregnant) of study participants (capable of getting their partner pregnant) should use a highly effective method of contraception other than a physical method.
Participants of childbearing potential who are sexually active with a non-sterilized partner capable of getting their partner pregnant must agree to use a highly effective method of contraception beginning at screening or upon discharge from hospitalization/inpatient rehabilitation (for participants who were incapacitated at the time of screening), and to continue precautions for 12 months after the final dose of IP.
• Participants of childbearing potential are defined as those who are not surgically sterile (e.g., bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or complete hysterectomy) or those who are not postmenopausal (per ICH M3 (R2) 11.2: defined as 12 months with no menses without an alternative medical cause).
• A highly effective method of contraception is defined as one that results in a low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly. Periodic abstinence, the rhythm method, and the withdrawal method do not qualify as "highly effective" or acceptable methods of contraception for study purposes. Acceptable methods of contraception are listed in the table below:
Physical Methods Hormonal Methods e
• Intrauterine device (IUD)
• Intrauterine hormone-releasing system, also known as drug-eluting IUD a
• Bilateral tubal occlusion
• Vasectomized partner b
• Sexual abstinence c • Combined (estrogen and progestogen-containing hormonal contraception)
* Oral (combined pill)
* Injectable
* Transdermal (patch)
* Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation d
* Implantable
* Intravaginal a This is also considered to be a hormonal method. b With appropriate post-vasectomy documentation of surgical success (absence of sperm in ejaculate).
c Sexual abstinence is considered to be a highly effective method only if defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of the study and if it is the preferred and usual lifestyle of the participant.
d Progestogen-only hormonal contraception, where inhibition of ovulation is not the primary mode of action (minipill) is not accepted as a highly effective method.
e These methods are only considered highly effective and therefore acceptable when used in conjunction with a barrier method (i.e., diaphragm with spermicide, sponge with spermicide, cervical cap with spermicide, condoms, spermicide alone.)
• Willing to forgo other immunomodulatory therapies (investigational or otherwise) for NMDAR encephalitis during the study.
• Participant must have received at least 3 days of methylprednisolone 1000 mg IV or equivalent corticosteroid within 90 days prior to randomization (Day 1). In addition, participants must have received EITHER of the following treatments within 90 days before randomization.
• IVIg, at a dose range between 1.2 and 2 g/kg
• Plasma exchange or plasmapheresis, (defined as 5 to 6 exchanges).
NOTE: These treatments may be provided during the screening period but must be completed prior to randomization. Participants who receive methylprednisolone and BOTH IVIg and plasma exchange are not excluded from participating in the trial, however, this treatment course with both IVIg and plasma exchange is not encouraged, and enrollment and randomization should not be delayed in order to complete additional first line treatments.
• Modified Rankin Score of ≥3 at the screening visit, indicating at least moderate disability. The baseline mRS must be confirmed by Site Investigators at screening and confirmed / adjudicated before randomization.
• Ability and willingness to attend study visits and complete the study. \*All inclusion criteria must be met during the screening period, prior to randomization, except where noted.
Exclusion Criteria
Any of the following excludes an individual from participation in the study:
• Any condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would interfere with the evaluation or administration of the IP, interpretation of participant safety or study results, or would make participation in the study an unacceptable risk. This specifically includes recent history (last 5 years) of herpes simplex virus encephalitis or known central nervous system demyelinating disease (e.g., multiple sclerosis).
• Presence of an active or chronic infection that is serious in the opinion of the Investigator.
• History of solid organ or cell-based transplantation.
• Concurrent/previous enrollment in another clinical study involving an investigational treatment within 4 weeks or 5 published half-lives of the investigational treatment, whichever is longer, prior to randomization.
• Lactating or pregnant individuals, or individuals who intend to become pregnant anytime from study enrollment to 12 months following last dose of investigational agent.
• Known history of allergy or reaction to any component of the investigational agent formulation or history of anaphylaxis following any biologic therapy.
• Receipt of the following at any time prior to randomization:
a. Alemtuzumab b. Total lymphoid irradiation c. Bone marrow transplant d. T-cell vaccination therapy
• Receipt of any biologic B cell-depleting therapy (e.g., rituximab, ocrelizumab, obinutuzumab, ofatumumab, inebilizumab) in the 6 months prior to screening. Receipt of such a B cell-depleting agent in the period 6-12 months prior to screening is exclusionary unless B cell counts have returned to ≥ age-based LLN by central laboratory. For EU participants, B cell counts at screening will be determined by the laboratories of the participating sites. Receipt of non-depleting B cell-directed therapy (e.g., belimumab), abatacept, or other biologic immunomodulatory agent within 6 months prior screening.
• Treatment at therapeutic doses/durations with any of the following within 3 months prior to randomization
a. Natalizumab (Tysabri®) b. Cyclosporine c. Methotrexate d. Mitoxantrone e. Cyclophosphamide\* f. Azathioprine g. Mycophenolate mofetil
\*Cyclophosphamide is only permitted as rescue therapy to be administered as outlined in Section 5.4.1 no earlier than the week 6 visit.
• Severe drug allergic history or anaphylaxis to two or more food products or medicines (including known sensitivity to acetaminophen/paracetamol, diphenhydramine (cetirizine in EU) or equivalent antihistamine, and methylprednisolone or equivalent glucocorticoid).
• Known history of a primary immunodeficiency (congenital or acquired) or an underlying condition such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or splenectomy that predisposes the participant to infection.
• Active malignancy or history of malignancy that was active within the last 10 years, apart from ovarian or extra-ovarian teratoma (also known as a dermoid cyst) or germ cell tumor, or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or basal cell carcinoma of the skin, that in the opinion of the Medical Safety Monitor (MSM) would preclude enrollment due to safety concerns. Squamous cell and basal cell carcinomas should be treated with documented success of curative therapy \> 3 months prior to randomization.
• At screening (repeat testing may be conducted to confirm results within the same screening period, prior to randomization), any of the following:
a. Total white blood count \<2,500 cells/mm3 (or \< 2.5 × 109/L) b. Total immunoglobulin \< 600 mg/dL (or 6 µmol/L; 400 mg/dL for participants \<18 years)\* c. Absolute neutrophil count \< 1200 cells/μL (or \< 1.2 × 109/L) d. CD4 T lymphocyte count \< 300 cells/µL (or \< 0.3 × 109/L)
\*Baseline levels of IgG prior to first line treatments (methylprednisolone, plasmapheresis/plasma exchange) should be used to determine eligibility.
• Active hepatitis B or C established with positive hepatitis B serology (hepatitis B surface antigen and core antigen) and/or positive hepatitis C PCR testing and confirmed by the MSM
• Any live or attenuated vaccine within 4 weeks prior to Day 1 (administration of killed vaccines is acceptable).
• Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) vaccine within 1 year of enrollment.
• History of alcohol or drug abuse that, in the opinion of the Investigator, might affect participant safety or compliance with visits or interfere with safety or other study assessments.
• Recurrence of previously treated NMDAR encephalitis within the last 5 years, or suspicion of symptomatic untreated NMDAR encephalitis of greater than 3 months duration at the time of screening.
• Evidence of active tuberculosis\* (TB) or being at high risk for TB based on:
a. History of active TB or untreated/incompletely treated latent TB. Participants with a history of active or latent TB who have documentation of completion of treatment according to local guidelines may be enrolled.
b. History of recent (≤ 12 weeks of screening) close contact with someone with active TB (close contact is defined as ≥ 4 hours/week OR living in the same household OR in a house where a person with active TB is a frequent visitor).
c. Signs or symptoms that could represent active TB by medical history or physical examination.
d. Positive, indeterminate, or invalid interferon-gamma release assay test result at screening, unless previously treated for TB. Participants with an indeterminate test result can repeat the test once, but if the repeat test is also indeterminate, the participant is excluded.
e. Chest radiograph, chest computed tomography or MRI scan that suggests a possible diagnosis of TB or suggests that a work-up for TB should be considered; all participants must have had lung imaging with an acceptable reading within 6 months prior to consent, or during screening.
• Active, clinically significant (CS) infection at the time of randomization (IP administration may be delayed until recovery, if within 14-day screening window, otherwise participant may be rescreened).
Exclusion criteria are applied at time of screening and are applicable throughout the study.
* Participants will undergo QuantiFERON®-TB Gold testing or equivalent TB testing during screening as standard of care. A positive result will not exclude patients from participation; thus, enrollment should not be delayed awaiting this result. If positive, an appropriate course of anti-TB treatment will need to be documented. If results are in indeterminate, participants may still be eligible for randomization if history is not suggestive of active / latent TB and a chest x-ray shows no evidence of active or latent TB.
• 1 Additional Eligibility Considerations
The following criteria are not necessarily exclusionary but require review from the MSM to determine if a participant should be excluded due to safety concerns:
• At screening (out of range lab values may be reviewed with the MSM to determine whether a potential participant should be excluded for safety reasons; repeat testing may be conducted to confirm results within the same screening period, prior to randomization), any of the following:
• Aspartate transaminase (AST) \> 2.5 × age-based upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Alanine transaminase (ALT) \> 2.5 × age-based ULN
• Total bilirubin \> 1.5 × age-based ULN (unless due to Gilbert's syndrome)
• Platelet count \< 75,000/μL (or \< 75 × 109/L)
• Hemoglobin \< 8 g/dL (or \< 80 g/L or 5 mmol/L)
• History of untreated hepatitis C infection. Participants who are considered cured following antiviral therapy with an HCV load below the limit of detection may be enrolled pending confirmation from the MSM that there are no safety concerns for inclusion.
• Patients with coexistent autoantibodies should not immediately be excluded but should be reviewed with the MSM to determine eligibility.
DRUG: Inebilizumab, DRUG: Placebo
Autoimmune Encephalitis, Encephalitis, Brain and Nervous System
A Study of Combination Chemotherapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed DAWT and Relapsed FHWT
This phase II trial studies how well combination chemotherapy works in treating patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumors (DAWT) or favorable histology Wilms tumors (FHWT) that have come back (relapsed). Drugs used in chemotherapy regimens such as UH-3 (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and irinotecan) and ICE/Cyclo/Topo (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and topotecan) work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. This trial may help doctors find out what effects, good and/or bad, regimen UH-3 has on patients with newly diagnosed DAWT and standard risk relapsed FHWT (those treated with only 2 drugs for the initial WT) and regimen ICE/Cyclo/Topo has on patients with high and very high risk relapsed FHWT (those treated with 3 or more drugs for the initial WT).
* Patients with newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor must be enrolled on APEC14B1, consented to Part A - Eligibility Screening, and have received an initial stratum assignment showing DAWT (if anaplasia first identified at diagnostic, pre-treatment nephrectomy or biopsy) or a final stratum assignment showing DAWT (if anaplasia first noted at delayed nephrectomy) prior to enrollment on AREN1921. Prior enrollment on APEC14B1 is not an eligibility requirement for patients with relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor.
* Patients must be =\< 30 years old at study enrollment
* Patients with the following diagnoses are eligible for this study:
* Newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor as confirmed by central review
* Favorable histology Wilms tumor at first relapse. Relapsed FHWT patients must have previously achieved remission for their initial FHWT diagnosis to be eligible for this study. The relapse risk groups are defined as follows, regardless of radiation therapy:
* Standard-Risk relapse: Patients who received two chemotherapy agents for frontline therapy; primarily actinomycin D and vincristine
* High-Risk relapse: Patients who received three chemotherapy agents for frontline therapy; primarily vincristine, actinomycin D and doxorubicin or vincristine, actinomycin D and irinotecan
* Very High-Risk relapse: Patients who received four or more chemotherapy agents as part of initial therapy; primarily regimen M or its variations
* Patients with newly diagnosed DAWT must have had histologic verification of the malignancy. For relapsed FHWT patients, biopsy to prove recurrence is encouraged, but not required
* Note: For relapsed FHWT patients, an institutional pathology report confirming favorable histology Wilms tumor (from relapse, if available, or from original diagnosis) must be available for upload prior to initiation of protocol therapy
* Patients with newly diagnosed Stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor must be enrolled on AREN1921 within 2 weeks of the tumor-directed surgery or biopsy procedure that first confirms a diagnosis of DAWT, whether at initial diagnostic procedure or delayed nephrectomy (such surgery/biopsy is day 0). For patients who received prior therapy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor, later confirmed to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor at subsequent review of the initial biopsy
* Patients with newly diagnosed DAWT who undergo upfront nephrectomy must have at least 1 lymph node sampled prior to study enrollment
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must have a life expectancy of \>= 8 weeks
* Diffuse Anaplastic Wilms Tumor: Patients with diffuse anaplastic histology must have had no prior systemic therapy, except in the following situations:
* Patients with diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor who received no more than 12 weeks of pre nephrectomy chemotherapy for what was originally presumed to be favorable histology Wilms tumor, subsequently confirmed to be diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor at delayed nephrectomy
* Patients with diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor who received no more than 6 weeks of chemotherapy following upfront biopsy, initiated within 14 days of biopsy, for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor based on institutional review, but subsequently corrected to diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor based on the initial stratum assignment on APEC14B1-REN
* Treatment consisting of vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide initiated on an emergent basis and within allowed timing as described
* Note: Patients who received prior therapy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor, later identified to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor as per above, must begin study treatment starting at cycle 3 (week 7) of regimen UH 3. Patients who received emergency radiation to preserve organ function are eligible as noted. Patients who received radiation as part of standard of care for presumed newly diagnosed favorable histology Wilms tumor, along with chemotherapy as noted above, prior to identification of diffuse anaplasia, are also eligible
* Relapsed Favorable Histology Wilms Tumor: Patients must not have received prior chemotherapy for their relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor diagnosis. In addition, patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
* Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study
* Radiation therapy (RT): \>= 2 weeks (wks) must have elapsed for local palliative RT (small port); \>= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if \>= 50% radiation of pelvis; \>= 6 wks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation. Patients with relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor who received emergency radiation to preserve organ function are eligible and do not need to washout with the above criteria
* Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents (within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment)
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 750/uL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelet count \>= 75,000/uL (transfusion independent) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Patients with high-risk or very high-risk relapsed FHWT who will be treated with regimen ICE/Cyclo/Topo, must have renal function assessed by creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and meet the following requirement:
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR \>= 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Patients diagnosed with stage 2-4 DAWT or standard risk relapsed FHWT, who will be treated with regimen UH 3, may either obtain a creatinine clearance, radioisotope GFR (meeting the above criteria of GFR \>= 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2), or an adequate serum creatinine as per the following table:
* Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
* 1 month to \< 6 months: 0.4 (male and female)
* 6 months to \< 1 year: 0.5 (male and female)
* 1 to \< 2 years: 0.6 (male and female)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male and female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male and female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male and female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age or direct bilirubin =\< ULN for patients whose total bilirubin \> 1.5 x ULN (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age or =\< 5 x ULN for patients with liver metastases (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of \>= 50% by radionuclide angiogram (obtained within 21 days prior to enrollment and start of protocol therapy)
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with a history of bilateral Wilms tumor (synchronous or metachronous)
* Patients with any uncontrolled, intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, or symptomatic congestive heart failure (defined as grade 2 or higher heart failure per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] version 5.0)
* Relapsed FHWT patients who did not receive frontline chemotherapy (e.g., very low risk FHWT initially observed without chemotherapy) or received only one chemotherapy agent for frontline therapy
* For patients with high-risk or very high-risk relapsed FHWT:
* Patients with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) as evidenced by serum bicarbonate \< 16 mmol/L and serum phosphate =\< 2 mg/dL (or \< 0.8 mmol/L) without supplementation
* For stages 2-4 DAWT and standard-risk relapsed FHWT patients:
* Chronic inflammatory bowel disease and/or bowel obstruction
* Concomitant use of St. John's wort, which cannot be stopped prior to the start of trial treatment
* Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
A Study to Compare Standard Chemotherapy to Therapy With CPX-351 and/or Gilteritinib for Patients With Newly Diagnosed AML With or Without FLT3 Mutations
This phase III trial compares standard chemotherapy to therapy with liposome-encapsulated daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351) and/or gilteritinib for patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with or without FLT3 mutations. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as daunorubicin, cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. CPX-351 is made up of daunorubicin and cytarabine and is made in a way that makes the drugs stay in the bone marrow longer and could be less likely to cause heart problems than traditional anthracycline drugs, a common class of chemotherapy drug. Some acute myeloid leukemia patients have an abnormality in the structure of a gene called FLT3. Genes are pieces of DNA (molecules that carry instructions for development, functioning, growth and reproduction) inside each cell that tell the cell what to do and when to grow and divide. FLT3 plays an important role in the normal making of blood cells. This gene can have permanent changes that cause it to function abnormally by making cancer cells grow. Gilteritinib may block the abnormal function of the FLT3 gene that makes cancer cells grow. The overall goals of this study are, 1) to compare the effects, good and/or bad, of CPX-351 with daunorubicin and cytarabine on people with newly diagnosed AML to find out which is better, 2) to study the effects, good and/or bad, of adding gilteritinib to AML therapy for patients with high amounts of FLT3/ITD or other FLT3 mutations and 3) to study changes in heart function during and after treatment for AML. Giving CPX-351 and/or gilteritinib with standard chemotherapy may work better in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia compared to standard chemotherapy alone.
* All patients must be enrolled on APEC14B1 and consented to Eligibility Screening (Part A) prior to enrollment and treatment on AAML1831
* Patients must be less than 22 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Patient must be newly diagnosed with de novo AML according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification with or without extramedullary disease
* Patient must have 1 of the following:
* \>= 20% bone marrow blasts (obtained within 14 days prior to enrollment)
* In cases where extensive fibrosis may result in a dry tap, blast count can be obtained from touch imprints or estimated from an adequate bone marrow core biopsy
* \< 20% bone marrow blasts with one or more of the genetic abnormalities associated with childhood/young adult AML as provided in the protocol (sample obtained within 14 days prior to enrollment)
* A complete blood count (CBC) documenting the presence of at least 1,000/uL (i.e., a white blood cell \[WBC\] count \>= 10,000/uL with \>= 10% blasts or a WBC count of \>= 5,000/uL with \>= 20% blasts) circulating leukemic cells (blasts) if a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy cannot be performed (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* ARM C: Patient must be \>= 2 years of age at the time of Late Callback
* ARM C: Patient must have FLT3/ITD allelic ratio \> 0.1 as reported by Molecular Oncology
* ARM C: Patient does not have any congenital long QT syndrome or congenital heart block
* ARM C: Females of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM C: Lactating women must agree not to breastfeed during treatment with gilteritinib and for 2 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM C: Males of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM D: Patient must be \>= 2 years of age at the time of Late Callback
* ARM D: Patient must have one of the clinically relevant non-ITD FLT3 activating mutations as reported by Foundation Medicine
* ARM D: Females of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM D: Lactating women must agree not to breastfeed during treatment with gilteritinib and for 2 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM D: Males of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: Patient must be enrolled on Arm A or Arm B. Patients who transfer to Arm C or Arm D are not eligible
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: Patient must be 5 years or older at the time of enrollment
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: English-, French- or Spanish-speaking
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: No known history of neurodevelopmental disorder prior to diagnosis of AML (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X, William syndrome, mental retardation)
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: No significant visual or motor impairment that would prevent computer use or recognition of visual test stimuli
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
Exclusion Criteria:
* Fanconi anemia
* Shwachman Diamond syndrome
* Patients with constitutional trisomy 21 or with constitutional mosaicism of trisomy 21
* Telomere disorders
* Germline predispositions known, or suspected by the treating physician to increase risk of toxicity with AML therapy
* Any concurrent malignancy
* Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
* Philadelphia chromosome positive AML
* Mixed phenotype acute leukemia
* Acute promyelocytic leukemia
* Acute myeloid leukemia arising from myelodysplasia
* Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms
* Patients with persistent cardiac dysfunction prior to enrollment, defined as ejection fraction (EF) \< 50% (preferred method Biplane Simpson's EF) or if EF unavailable, shortening fraction (SF) \< 24%. \*Note: if clinically safe and feasible, repeat echocardiogram is strongly advised in order to confirm cardiac dysfunction following clinical stabilization, particularly if occurring in the setting of sepsis or other transient physiologic stressor. If the repeat echocardiogram demonstrates an EF \>= 50%, the patient is eligible to enroll and may receive an anthracycline-containing Induction regimen
* Administration of prior anti-cancer therapy except as outlined below:
* Hydroxyurea
* All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
* Corticosteroids (any route)
* Intrathecal therapy given at diagnosis
* In particular, strong inducers of CYP3A4 and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) should be avoided from the time of enrollment until it is determined whether the patient will receive gilteritinib. Patients receiving gilteritinib will be required to avoid strong CYP3A4 inducers and/or strong P-gp inducers for the duration of the study treatment
* Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
* ARM D: Patient does not have any congenital long QT syndrome or congenital heart block
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS) (POPS or POP02)
The study investigators are interested in learning more about how drugs, that are given to children by their health care provider, act in the bodies of children and young adults in hopes to find the most safe and effective dose for children. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the PK of understudied drugs currently being administered to children per SOC as prescribed by their treating provider.
• Participant is \< 21 years of age
• Parent/ Legal Guardian/ Adult Participant can understand the consent process and is willing to provide informed consent/HIPAA:
• (a) Participant is receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment or (b) Participant is NOT receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest but is SARS-COV-2 positive within 60 days prior to enrollment
Exclusion Criteria:
• Participant has a known pregnancy
Below exclusion criteria apply only to:
Participants receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment, DOI administration or PK sampling: (Refer to DOI specific appendices for details on enrollment cohort specifications and additional eligibility criteria)
• Has had intermittent dialysis within previous 24 hours
• Has had a kidney transplant within previous 30 days
• Has had a liver transplant within previous 1 year
• Has had a stem cell transplant within previous 1 year
• Has had therapeutic hypothermia within previous 24 hours
• Has had plasmapheresis within the previous 24 hours
• Has a Ventricular Assist Device
• Has any condition which would make the participant, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study
DRUG: The POP02 study is collecting bodily fluid samples (i.e., whole blood, effluent samples) of children prescribed the following drugs of interest per standard of care:
Pragmatic Evaluation of Events And Benefits of Lipid-lowering in Older Adults (PREVENTABLE)
PREVENTABLE is a multi-center, randomized, parallel group, placebo-controlled superiority study. Participants will be randomized 1:1 to atorvastatin 40 mg or placebo. This large study conducted in community-dwelling older adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD) or dementia will demonstrate the benefit of statins for reducing the primary composite of death, dementia, and persistent disability and secondary composites including mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cardiovascular events.
* Community-dwelling adults
* Age ≥75 years
* English or Spanish as primary language
* Able to provide a trusted contact
Exclusion Criteria:
* Clinically evident cardiovascular disease defined as prior myocardial Infarction (MI), prior stroke, prior revascularization procedure, or a secondary prevention indication for a statin (clinician determined)
* Hospitalization for a primary diagnosis of heart failure in the prior 12 months (Note: History of heart failure in the absence of recent hospitalization or clinically evident cardiovascular disease is not an exclusion)
* Dementia (clinically evident or previously diagnosed)
* Dependence in any Katz Basic Activities of Daily Living \[ADL\] (with the exception of urinary or bowel continence)
* Severe hearing impairment (preventing phone follow up)
* Unable to talk (preventing phone follow up)
* Statin use in the past year or for longer than 5 years previously (participant reported)
* Ineligible to take atorvastatin 40 mg (clinician determined)
* Documented intolerance to statins
* Active Liver Disease
Comparing the Clinical Impact of Pancreatic Cyst Surveillance Programs and Associated Biomarkers
The purpose of this study is to compare two approaches for monitoring pancreatic cysts as well as to identify associated biomarkers. The study doctors want to compare more frequent monitoring versus less frequent monitoring as well as identify biomarkers which may improve risk detection of transformation to pancreatic cancer. The study doctors want to learn which monitoring method and which biomarkers lead to better outcomes for patients.
* Patient must be ≥ 50 years and ≤ 75 years of age
* Patient must not have acute pancreatitis or a history of chronic pancreatitis
* Patient must have received a CT, MRI, or EUS within 6 months prior to enrollment that revealed one or more ≥ 1 cm pancreatic cyst(s).
* Patients of childbearing potential must not be known to be pregnant
* Patient must not have a prior diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy of any type
* Patient must not have a history of pancreatic resection
* Patients with only pancreatic lesions without malignant risk (pancreatic pseudocyst or classic serous cystic lesion) are not eligible
* Patient must not have a family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in one or more first-degree relatives (biological parents, full siblings or children)
* Patient must not have pancreatic cyst morphology that would prompt immediate surgical consideration (enhancing mural nodule, solid component in cyst, pancreatic duct ≥ 10mm, cyst causing obstructive jaundice)
* Patient must not have a comorbid illness that precludes EUS or pancreatic cyst resection
* Patient must not be in any form of pancreatic cyst surveillance for \> 1 year, defined as organized, periodic up-to-date imaging directed towards the pancreatic cyst of interest
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must be ≥ 50 years and ≤ 75 years of age
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have acute pancreatitis or a history of chronic pancreatitis.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must have received a CT, MRI, or EUS within 6 months prior to randomization that revealed one or more ≥ 1 cm pancreatic cyst (s).
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patients of childbearing potential must not be known to be pregnant.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a prior diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy of any type.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a history of pancreatic resection.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patients with only pancreatic lesions without malignant risk (pancreatic pseudocyst or classic serous cystic lesion) are not eligible.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in one or more first-degree relatives (biological parents, full siblings or children).
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have pancreatic cyst morphology that would prompt immediate surgical consideration (enhancing mural nodule, solid component in cyst, pancreatic duct ≥10mm, cyst causing obstructive jaundice).
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a comorbid illness that precludes EUS or pancreatic cyst resection.
A Study of the Drugs Selumetinib vs. Carboplatin and Vincristine in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma
This phase III trial compares the effect of selumetinib versus the standard of care treatment with carboplatin and vincristine (CV) in treating patients with newly diagnosed or previously untreated low-grade glioma (LGG) that does not have a genetic abnormality called BRAFV600E mutation and is not associated with systemic neurofibromatosis type 1. Selumetinib works by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and may kill tumor cells. Carboplatin is in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds. It works in a way similar to the anticancer drug cisplatin, but may be better tolerated than cisplatin. Carboplatin works by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of tumor cells. Vincristine is in a class of medications called vinca alkaloids. It works by stopping tumor cells from growing and dividing and may kill them. The overall goal of this study is to see if selumetinib works just as well as the standard treatment of CV for patients with LGG. Another goal of this study is to compare the effects of selumetinib versus CV in subjects with LGG to find out which is better. Additionally, this trial will also examine if treatment with selumetinib improves the quality of life for subjects who take it.
* Patients must be \>= 2 years and =\< 21 years at the time of enrollment
* Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of \>= 0.5 m\^2 at enrollment
* Patients must have non-neurofibromatosis type 1 (non-NF1) low-grade glioma (LGG) without a BRAFV600E mutation as confirmed by Rapid Central Pathology and Molecular Screening Reviews performed on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI)-MCI, or accepted Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified test and that has not been treated with any modality besides surgery. Note: Patients may be newly-diagnosed OR previously diagnosed, and there is no required time frame between biopsy/surgery and treatment initiation.
* Patients with residual tumor after resection or progressive tumor after initial diagnosis (with or without surgery) who have not received treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiation) are eligible
* Patients must have two-dimensional measurable tumor \>= 1 cm\^2 to be eligible
* Patients with ependymoma are not eligible
* Eligible histologies will include all tumors considered low-grade glioma or low-grade astrocytoma (World Health Organization \[WHO\] grade I and II) by 5th edition WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
* Patients with metastatic disease or multiple independent primary LGG are eligible
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment):
* Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (male); 0.8 mg/dL (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 mg/dL (male); 1 mg/dL (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (male); 1.2 mg/dL (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment) (children with a diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome will be allowed on study regardless of their total and indirect \[unconjugated\] bilirubin levels as long as their direct \[conjugated\] bilirubin is \< 3.1 mg/dL)
* Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
* Albumin \>= 2 g/dL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \>= 53% (or institutional normal; if the LVEF result is given as a range of values, then the upper value of the range will be used) by echocardiogram (performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
* Corrected QT (QTc) interval =\< 450 msec by electrocardiography (EKG) (performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,000/uL (unsupported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelets \>= 100,000/uL (unsupported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8 g/dL (may be supported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Patients with a known seizure disorder must be stable and must not have experienced a significant increase in seizure frequency within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
* Patients 2-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =\< 95th percentile for age, height, and sex at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of anti-hypertensive medications)
* Patients \>= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure =\< 130/80 mmHg at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of anti-hypertensive medications)
* Note for patients of all ages: Adequate blood pressure can be achieved using medication for the treatment of hypertension
* All patients must have ophthalmology toxicity assessments performed within 8 weeks prior to enrollment
* For all patients, an MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) and/or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must be performed within 8 weeks prior to enrollment
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must have the ability to swallow whole capsules
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
* All patients have signed an appropriate consent form and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization form (if applicable)
* All patients have been consented and enrolled on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) Part A for Pre-Enrollment Eligibility Screening for ACNS1833
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant. Prior surgical intervention (with the exclusion of laser interstitial thermal therapy \[LITT\]) is permitted
* Patients with a concurrent malignancy or history of treatment (other than surgery) for another tumor within the last year are ineligible
* Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine tumors as seen on MRI (\> 2/3 of pons involvement on imaging) are not eligible even if biopsy reveals grade I/II histology
* Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
* Patients with any serious medical or psychiatric illness/condition, including substance use disorders or ophthalmological conditions, likely in the judgment of the investigator to interfere or limit compliance with study requirements/treatment
* Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not able to comply with the study procedures are not eligible
* Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 1 week after stopping study therapy are not eligible.
* Note: Women study participants of child-bearing potential must use acceptable contraception during the study and for 1 week (7 days) after the last dose of selumetinib. Men study participants with sexual partners who are pregnant or who are of child-bearing potential must use acceptable contraception during the study and for 1 week (7 days) after the last dose of study agent. Acceptable contraception includes implants, injectables, or oral contraceptives (all combined with barrier methods), some intrauterine devices (IUDs), vasectomy or abstinence
* Known genetic disorder that increases risk for coronary artery disease. Note: The presence of dyslipidemia in a family with a history of myocardial infarction is not in itself an exclusion unless there is a known genetic disorder documented
* Symptomatic heart failure
* New York Health Association (NYHA) class II-IV prior or current cardiomyopathy
* Severe valvular heart disease
* History of atrial fibrillation
* Current or past history of central serous retinopathy
* Current or past history of retinal vein occlusion or retinal detachment
* Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma
* If checking pressure is clinically indicated, patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) \> 22 mmHg or ULN adjusted by age are not eligible
* Supplementation with vitamin E greater than 100% of the daily recommended dose. Any multivitamin containing vitamin E must be stopped prior to study enrollment even if less than 100% of the daily recommended dosing for vitamin E
* Surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, with the exception of surgical biopsy, placement of a vascular access device or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) diverting procedure such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.
* Note: Patients must have healed from any prior surgery
* Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
A Study of Repotrectinib in Pediatric and Young Adult Subjects Harboring ALK, ROS1, OR NTRK1-3 Alterations
Phase 1 will evaluate the safety and tolerability at different dose levels of repotrectinib in pediatric and young adult subjects with advanced or metastatic malignancies harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), receptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the gene ROS1 (ROS1), or neurotrophic receptor kinase genes encoding TRK kinase family (NTRK1-3) alterations to estimate the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) or Maximum Administered Dose (MAD) and select the Pediatric Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D).
Phase 2 will determine the anti-tumor activity of repotrectinib in pediatric and young adult subjects with advanced or metastatic malignancies harboring ROS1 or NTRK1-3 alterations.
• Documented genetic ROS1 point mutation, fusion, or amplification or NTRK1-3 fusion as identified by local testing in a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) laboratory in the US or equivalently accredited diagnostic lab outside the United States (US) is required.
• Phase 1: Age \<12 years; Phase 2: Age 12- 25 years
• Prior cytotoxic chemotherapy is allowed.
• Prior immunotherapy is allowed.
• Resolution of all acute toxic effects (excluding alopecia) of any prior anti-cancer therapy to National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI CTCAE) Version 4.03 Grade less than or equal to 1.
• All subjects must have measurable disease by RECIST v1.1 or Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria at time of enrollment.
• Subjects with a primary CNS tumor or CNS metastases must be neurologically stable on a stable or decreasing dose of steroids for at least 7 days prior to enrollment.
• Subjects must have a Lansky (\< 16 years) or Karnofsky (≥ 16 years) score of at least 50.
• Life expectancy greater than or equal to 12 weeks, in the investigator's opinion.
• Adequate hematologic, renal and hepatic function.
Phase 2
Inclusion Criteria:
• Cohort Specific
Inclusion Criteria:
* Cohort 1: Subjects with NTRK fusion gene positive (NTRK+) advanced solid tumors (including primary CNS tumors), that are tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) TKI naïve;
* Cohort 2: subjects with NTRK+ advanced solid tumors (including primary CNS tumors), that are TRK TKI pre-treated;
* Cohort 3: subjects with advanced solid tumors with ROS1 gene fusions or other ROS1 aberrations (including amplifications and point mutations) with measurable disease.
• Subjects in Cohorts 1 and 2 must have prospectively confirmed measurable disease by BICR prior to enrollment.
Key Exclusion Criteria (Phase 1 and Phase 2):
• Subjects with neuroblastoma with only bone marrow disease evaluable by bone marrow aspiration only.
• Major surgery within 14 days (2 weeks) of start of repotrectinib treatment. Central venous access (Broviac, Mediport, etc.) placement does not meet criteria for major surgery.
• Known active infections requiring ongoing treatment (bacterial, fungal, viral including HIV positivity).
• Gastrointestinal disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, or short gut syndrome) or other malabsorption syndromes that would impact drug absorption.
• Any of the following cardiac criteria:
* Mean resting corrected QT interval (ECG interval measured from the onset of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave) for heart rate (QTc) \> 480 msec obtained from three ECGs, using the screening clinic ECG machine-derived QTc value
* Any clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction, or morphology of resting ECG (e.g., complete left bundle branch block, third degree heart block, second degree heart block, PR interval \> 250 msec)
* Any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events such as heart failure, congenital long QT syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome, or any concomitant medication known to prolong the QT interval
• Peripheral neuropathy of CTCAE ≥grade 2.
• Subjects being treated with or anticipating the need for treatment with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers.
• Any potential allergies to repotrectinib and/or its excipients.