Here are the studies that match your search criteria. If you are interested in participating, please reach out to the contact listed for the study. If no contact is listed, contact us and we'll help you find the right person.
Caloric Restriction and Activity to Reduce Chemoresistance in B-ALL (IDEAL2)
This study is for older children, adolescents, and young adults with B-cell Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL). Higher amounts of body fat is associated with resistance to
chemotherapy in patients with B-ALL. Chemotherapy during the first month causes large gains
in body fat in most people, even those who start chemotherapy at a healthy weight.
This study is being done to find out if caloric restriction achieved by a personalized
nutritional menu and exercise plan during routine chemotherapy can make the patient's ALL
more sensitive to chemotherapy and also reduce the amount of body fat gained during
treatment. The goals of this study are to help make chemotherapy more effective in treating
the patient's leukemia as demonstrated by fewer patients with leukemia minimal residual
disease (MRD) while also trying to reduce the amount of body fat that chemotherapy causes the
patient to gain in the first month.
• Patients must be ≥ 10.0 and <26.0 years of age.
• Patients must have a diagnosis of de novo B-ALL
• Patients must have a M3 marrow (>25% blasts by morphology) or at least 1,000/µL
circulating leukemia cells in PB confirmed by Flow Cytometry (or other convincing
evidence of a B-ALL diagnosis not meeting above criteria following central review by
the Study Hematopathologist and Study Chair or Vice-Chair).
• The treatment regimen must be the first treatment attempt for B-ALL-
• Must be a multi-agent induction regimen inclusive of vincristine, glucocorticoid,
pegaspargase/calaspargase, and daunorubicin or doxorubicin and with a planned duration
<35 days.
• Organ function must meet that required for initiation of chemotherapy
• Patients at diagnosis must meet Karnofsky > 50% for patients > 16 years of age and
Lansky > 50% for patients ≤ 16 years of age (or be expected to recover prior to Day 8)
.
• If the patient is a female of childbearing potential, a negative urine or serum
pregnancy test is required within two weeks prior to enrollment.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Patient will be excluded if they are underweight at time of enrollment (BMI% <5th
percentile for age for patients age 10-19 years, BMI <18.5 in patients 20-29 years).
• Patients with Down syndrome or a DNA fragility syndrome (such as Fanconi anemia, Bloom
syndrome) will be excluded.
• Patient receiving a SJCRH-style "Total Therapy" regimen will be excluded.
• Patients receiving anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy during induction therapy.
• Patients will be excluded if they received treatment for a previous malignancy.
• Patient will be excluded if they are pregnant.
• Patient will be excluded if they have a pre-diagnosis requirement for enteral or
parenteral supplementation .
• Patient will be excluded due to inability to perform the intervention (e.g., specific
nutritional needs, severe developmental delay, paraplegia)
• Patients will be excluded if they have significant concurrent disease, illness,
psychiatric disorder or social issue that would compromise patient safety or
compliance with the protocol treatment or procedures, interfere with consent, study
participation, follow up, or interpretation of study results
Study of ONO-4685 in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory T Cell Lymphoma
This study will investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary efficacy of ONO-4685 in patients with relapsed or refractory T cell Lymphoma
Inclusion Criteria
• Patients aged ≥ 18 years at time of screening
• Written informed consent by the patient or the patients' legally authorized representative prior to screening
• Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of one of the following subtypes of T-cell lymphoma:
• Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL): Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), nodal PTCL with T-follicular helper (TFH) and follicular T-cell lymphoma (FTCL)
• Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (stages II-B, III, and IV): Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS)
• Patients must have received at least 2 prior systemic therapies
• Patients with PTCL must have at least 1 measurable lesion (Cheson BD, 2014)
• Patients with CTCL must have assessable disease by response criteria for CTCL (Olsen EA, 2011)
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) = 0-2
• Life expectancy of at least 3 months
• Adequate bone marrow, renal and hepatic functions
Exclusion Criteria:
• Patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement
• Patients with Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)
• Prior allogeneic stem cell transplant
• Prior treatment with ONO-4685, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, anticytotoxic T lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) antibody, or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways
• Prior allogeneic and autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy
• Patients with malignancies (other than T-cell lymphoma) except for completely resected basal cell carcinoma, stage I squamous cell carcinoma, carcinoma in situ, or any other malignancies that has not relapsed for at least 2 years
• History of severe allergy or hypersensitivity to any monoclonal antibodies, other therapeutic proteins or corticosteroid (e.g., dexamethasone)
• History of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis within 2 years prior to the first dose of study treatment
• Patients with systemic and active infection including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B or C virus infection
• Patients not recovered to Grade 1 or stabilized from the adverse effects (excluding alopecia) of any prior therapy for their malignancies
• Women who are pregnant or lactating
DRUG: ONO-4685
Relapsed or Refractory T Cell Lymphoma, Lymphoid Leukemia
ONO-4685, PD-1, CD3, Bispecific antibody, PTCL, AITL, PTCL-NOS, nodal PTCL with TFH, FTCL, CTCL, MF, SS
CD40 Agonist, Flt3 Ligand, and Chemotherapy in HER2 Negative Breast Cancer
This research study is being done to find out if the immunotherapy drugs called CDX-301 and CDX-1140 in combination with the standard chemotherapy treatment pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD, Doxil) are safe and effective at controlling the cancer in patients with metastatic triple Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) negative breast cancer, and to determine a safe dose and treatment schedule of the three drugs. This research study will also test how your immune system responds to these treatments alone and in combination.
* Unresectable Stage III or Stage IV HER2 negative breast cancer (either triple negative or hormone receptor positive)
* Triple negative breast cancer for this study is defined as estrogen receptor \<10%, progesterone receptor \<10% by immunohistochemistry, and HER2- negative by Herceptest (0 or 1+) or not amplified by in situ hybridization as per routine clinical testing.
* Hormone receptor positive breast cancer for this study is defined as either estrogen receptor ≥10% or progesterone receptor ≥10% by immunohistochemistry, and HER2- negative by Herceptest (0 or 1+) or not amplified by in situ hybridization as per routine clinical testing.
* Age 18 years or older
* Performance status ECOG 0-2
* Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks
* Documented progressive disease, based on radiographic, clinical or pathologic assessment, during or subsequent to last anticancer therapy. Patients who need to change systemic therapy for other indications such as toxicity that are otherwise eligible for this study may enroll with approval of the lead principal investigator.
* For triple negative breast cancer patients, subject is in first to fourth line setting of treatment for metastatic or unresectable disease, and have received 0 to 3 prior regimens for metastatic or unresectable disease.
* For hormone receptor positive breast cancer patients, subjects must have received prior cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor in the metastatic setting. They may have received up to 3 prior lines of chemotherapy and/or antibody drug conjugates for metastatic or unresectable disease.
* Among triple negative breast cancer patients enrolled in the first line treatment setting, subjects must be PD-L1 negative by 22C3 assay and not be eligible for FDA approved standard of care chemotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapy as alternative to this clinical trial. This does not apply if patients have previously received PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade as part of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy regimen.
* Screening laboratory values must meet the following criteria:
* Neutrophils ≥ 1500/uL
* Platelets ≥ 100 x10(9)/L
* Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL Patients may receive erythrocyte transfusions to achieve this hemoglobin level at the discretion of the investigator. Initial treatment must not begin earlier than the day after the erythrocyte transfusion.
* Creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dL
* Creatinine clearance \>30 mL/minute
* AST ≤ 2.5 X ULN without, and ≤ 5 x ULN with hepatic metastasis
* ALT ≤ 2.5 X ULN without, and ≤ 5 x ULN with hepatic metastasis
* Total Bilirubin ≤ 1.5 X ULN (except patients with Gilbert's syndrome or liver involvement, who must have a total bilirubin ≤ 2 X ULN)
* Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 X ULN without, and ≤ 5 x ULN with hepatic metastasis
* All men as well as women of child bearing potential enrolled in this trial must agree to use effective contraception during the course of the trial and for at least 6 months after discontinuing study treatment. Patients and/or partners who are surgically sterile or postmenopausal are exempt from this requirement.
* A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, marital status, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria: ( 1) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy OR (2) has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months).
* Provision of consent for pre-treatment and on-treatment biopsies. Biopsy sites must be soft tissue tumor lesions or accessible visceral diseases that can be biopsied with acceptable clinical risk (as judged by the investigator); are large enough to allow for the collection of tumor tissue for proposed correlative studies (e.g., anticipated goal of 6-8 cores preferred when feasible using a ≥ 18 gauge needle with an expected core sample length of 5 mm); and have not been irradiated prior to entry. This does not include bone lesions. This may exclude many lung lesions and small lesions.
* Measurable disease allowing for serial assessment of at least one target lesion(s) by RECIST 1.1 criteria \[100\]. Target lesions selected for tumor measurements should be those where additional (e.g., palliative) treatments are not indicated or anticipated.
* All residual toxicity related to prior anticancer therapies (excluding alopecia, grade 2 fatigue, vitiligo, endocrinopathies on stable replacement therapy, grade 2 neuropathy from taxanes or platinum and grade 2 hearing loss from platinum) must resolve to grade 1 severity or less (or returned to baseline) prior to receipt of study treatment.
* Read, understood, and provided written informed consent, and if applicable, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization, after the nature of the study has been fully explained, and must be willing to comply with all study requirements and procedures.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Among any patients enrolled in the first line treatment setting, tumors should not be PD-L1+ by 22C3 assays or eligible for FDA approved standard of care chemotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 combination therapy as alternative to this clinical trial. This does not apply if patients have previously received PD-1 or PD-L1 blockade as part of neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy regimen.
* History of severe hypersensitivity reactions to mAbs.
* Prior treatment with any anti-CD40 antibody or rhuFlt3L product.
* Treatment with anthracycline in the metastatic setting.
* Prior progression while on anthracycline based therapy or within 6 months of completing neoadjuvant or adjuvant anthracycline.
* Prior history of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), or tumor with known Flt3 mutation/amplification
* Receipt of any antibody targeting T cell check point or co-stimulation pathways within 4 weeks, use of any other monoclonal based therapies within 4 weeks, and all other immunotherapy (tumor vaccine, cytokine, or growth factor given to control the cancer) within 2 weeks prior to the planned start of study treatment.
* Prior T-cell or other cell-based therapies within 12 weeks (or 2 weeks if patient experienced disease progression on the prior treatment)
* Systemic radiation therapy within 4 weeks, prior focal radiotherapy within 2 weeks, or radiopharmaceuticals (strontium, samarium) within 8 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.
* Chemotherapy or antibody drug conjugate within 21 days or at least 5 half-lives (whichever is shorter) prior to the planned start of study treatment.
* Any kinase inhibitors within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.
* Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment. Surgery requiring local/epidural anesthesia must be completed at least 72 hours before study drug administration and patients should be recovered.
* Use of other investigational drugs within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to study treatment administration.
* Use of immunosuppressive medications within 4 weeks or systemic corticosteroids within 2 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment. Topical, inhaled or intranasal corticosteroids (with minimal systemic absorption) may be continued if the patient is on a stable dose. Non-absorbed intraarticular corticosteroid and replacement steroids (≤ 10 mg/day prednisone or equivalent) will be permitted.
* Other prior malignancy, except for adequately treated basal or squamous cell skin cancer or in situ cancers; or any other cancer from which the patient has been disease-free for at least 3 years.
* Active, untreated central nervous system metastases.
* Patients with known treated brain metastases should be neurologically stable for 4 weeks post-treatment and prior to study enrollment. Continued use of steroids and/or anticonvulsants (in the absence of any suspicion of progressive brain metastases) is acceptable if ≤ equivalent of prednisone 10 mg daily. Brain MRI required on screening to document lack of progression.
* Women who are pregnant or nursing. All female patients with reproductive potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to starting treatment.
* Active autoimmune disease or history of autoimmune disease or syndrome that required systemic steroids or immunosuppressive medications within the preceding 6 months, except for patients with vitiligo, endocrinopathies, or type 1 diabetes, Patients with mild asthma who require intermittent use of bronchodilators (such as albuterol) who have not been hospitalized for asthma in the preceding 6 months will not be excluded from this study.
* Significant cardiovascular disease including unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled hypertension or arrhythmia, congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV or EF\<50%) related to primary cardiac disease, uncontrolled ischemic or severe valvular heart disease or any of the following within 6 months prior to the first dose of study treatment: myocardial infarction, severe/unstable angina, coronary artery bypass graft, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack.
* For patients with triple negative breast cancer- prior anthracycline therapy with a cumulative doxorubicin-equivalent dose greater than 240 mg/m2. 240 mg/m2 anthracycline is equivalent to 4 doses of anthracycline-based chemotherapy in the localized setting (generally 60 mg/m2 per dose). Notes from physicians demonstrating 4 prior cycles/doses of anthracycline or if less than 60 mg/m2 specifying as such to estimate the total anthracycline dose is sufficient. Exact calculation based on mg received originally is not required.
* For patients with hormone receptor positive breast cancer who have received a prior anthracycline therapy with a cumulative doxorubicin-equivalent dose exceeding 240 mg/m2 (as was part of standard-of-care regimens in the past), a cardiology evaluation is recommended to minimize potential risks of heart damage.
* Has received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study drug. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist®) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed. The COVID-19 vaccines available in the United States are not live vaccines and are allowed if the final vaccine dose (of a regimen that requires more than 1 dose) is received at least 1 week prior to study enrollment.
* History of (non-infectious) pneumonitis or has current pneumonitis. This includes asymptomatic infiltrates on screening chest CT scan that are felt by the investigator to potentially be an inflammatory process (i.e. grade 1 pneumonitis).
* Active infection requiring systemic therapy, known HIV infection, or positive test for hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis C (antibody screen and if positive confirmed by RNA analysis). If positive results are not indicative of a true active or chronic infection, the patient can be enrolled after discussion with and agreement by the Investigator.
* Any other acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that could increase the risk associated with trial participation or trial drug administration or could interfere with the interpretation of trial results and, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into the trial.
* Evidence of acute or chronic infection on screening chest radiography.
Study of Denikitug (GS-1811) Given Alone or With Zimberelimab in Adults With Advanced Solid Tumors
This is a first-in-human (FIH) study to evaluate the safety and tolerability and to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) of denikitug (also known as GS-1811) as monotherapy and in combination with zimberelimab in participants with advanced solid tumors.
This study will be conducted in 6 parts (Parts A, B, and E: monotherapy, Parts C and D: combination therapy, and Part F for both monotherapy and combination therapy) in participants with advanced solid tumors who have received, been intolerant to, or been ineligible for all treatments known to confer clinical benefit or in participants with select solid tumors.
* Disease:
* Part A: Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumors who have received, been intolerant to, or been ineligible for all treatment known to confer clinical benefit.
* Part B: Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed select indications who have received, been intolerant to, or been ineligible for all treatment known to confer clinical benefit.
* Part C: Individuals with histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced solid tumors who have received, been intolerant to, or been ineligible for all treatments known to confer clinical benefit or whose disease is indicated for anti- programmed cell death protein 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-\[L\]1) monoclonal antibody monotherapy.
* Part D: Individuals with pathologically confirmed select advanced solid tumors.
* Part E: Individuals with pathologically confirmed select advanced solid tumors. Participants must have received, have been intolerant to, or have been ineligible for all treatment known to confer clinical benefit.
* Part F: Individuals with pathologically-confirmed select advanced solid tumors. Participants must have received, have been intolerant to, or have been ineligible for all treatments known to confer clinical benefit; or, for participants who will undergo combination therapy, have disease which is indicated for anti-PD-(L)1 mAb monotherapy.
* Measurable disease per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1, or 2 for individuals in Parts A, B, and C, and 0 or 1 for individuals in Parts D, E, and F.
* Adequate organ function.
* Male individuals and female individuals of childbearing potential who engage in heterosexual intercourse must agree to use methods of contraception.
* Tissue requirement:
* Parts A, C, D, E and F: Must provide pre-treatment adequate tumor tissue sample prior to enrollment.
* Part B and select participants in Parts C and F: Must have fresh pre-treatment and on-treatment biopsies for biomarker analysis.
Key
Exclusion Criteria:
* Concurrent anticancer treatment.
* Any anti-cancer therapy, whether investigational or approved, within protocol specified time prior to initiation of study including: immunotherapy or biologic therapy (\< 28 days), chemotherapy (\< 21 days), targeted small molecule therapy (\< 14 days), hormonal therapy or other adjunctive therapy (\< 14 days) or radiotherapy (\< 21 days).
* Any prior CCR8 directed therapy.
* Prior allogeneic tissue/solid organ transplantation, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Exception: prior corneal transplant without requirement for systemic immunosuppressive agents is allowed.
* Concurrent active malignancy other than nonmelanoma skin cancer, curatively resected carcinoma in situ, localized prostate cancer, or superficial bladder cancer after undergoing potentially curative therapy with no evidence of disease. Individuals with other previous malignancies are eligible if disease-free for \> 2 years.
* History of intolerance, hypersensitivity, or treatment discontinuation due to severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) on prior immunotherapy.
* History of autoimmune disease or active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment within 2 years.
* History of pneumonitis, interstitial lung disease, or severe radiation pneumonitis (excluding localized radiation pneumonitis).
* Active and clinically relevant bacterial, fungal, or viral infection that is not controlled or requires IV antibiotics.
* Active hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV), and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
* Positive serum pregnancy test or breastfeeding female.
* Live vaccines within 30 days prior to first dose.
* Significant cardiovascular disease.
Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.
[18F]PT2385 PET/CT in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma
This is an exploratory study to assess \[18F\]PT2385 Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This is an open-label, nontherapeutic trial. The main objective is to correlate hypoxia-inducible factor-2alpha (HIF2α) levels as determined by an investigational \[18F\]PT2385 PET/CT scan with the levels on subsequently obtained tissue by HIF2α immunohistochemistry (IHC). There will be three cohorts. The first pre-surgical cohort will have \[18F\]PT2385 PET/CT prior to nephrectomy. The uptake and retention on Positron Emission Tomography (PET), quantified as standardized uptake value (SUV) max and mean, abbreviated SUV henceforth will be correlated with HIF2α levels by IHC on the primary tumor. The second cohort will comprise patients with metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). SUV will be correlated with HIF2α levels measured by IHC on a biopsy sample from a metastasis. Both low- and high-avidity sites will be biopsied and tracer uptake correlated with HIF2α IHC. A third cohort will include patients with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome and any of the following disease manifestations - RCC, central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastoma, and/or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(s). Investigational imaging will evaluate HIF2α expression within a tumor type and across different tumor types. A biopsy is encouraged but not mandatory for this cohort.
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent that includes study interventions (PET/CT and, if cohort 2, mandatory biopsy).
* Ability to lie still for a 30- to 60-minute PET/CT scan.
* One of the following:
• Cohort 1. Patients with suspected RCC planned for surgery.
• Cohort 2. Patients with metastatic ccRCC or VHL syndrome and RCC. Biopsy is required (planned resection for treatment reasons of a metastatic site is acceptable in lieu of the biopsy).
• Cohort 3. Patients with VHL syndrome with RCC, CNS hemangioblastoma, and/or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor(s) planning to start belzutifan.
* Patients with liver dysfunction will be considered "patients of special interest," and enrollment is allowed with or without criteria outlined for Cohorts 1-3. Liver dysfunction is defined clinically and is typically supported by abnormalities in imaging or laboratory studies (alanine / aspartate amino-transferase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, or international normalized range (INR) for prothrombin time).
* Women of child-bearing potential must agree to undergo and have documented a negative pregnancy test on the day of \[18F\]PT2385 administration. A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
• Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
• Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months).
Exclusion Criteria:
* Uncontrolled severe and irreversible intercurrent illness or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
* Subjects must not be pregnant or nursing due to the potential for congenital abnormalities and the potential of this regimen to harm nursing infants.
* Claustrophobia or other contraindications to PET/CT.
* Subjects must not weigh more than the maximum weight limit for the table for the PET/CT scanner where the study is being performed (\>200 kilograms or 440 pounds).
* For cohort 2 patients, lack of suitable sites for mandatory biopsy. For example, patients with metastatic disease restricted to the lungs that would require percutaneous biopsies with associated risk of bleeding and pneumothorax will be excluded.
Gemcitabine Versus Water Irrigation in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
There is a high rate of intravesical (bladder) recurrence following extirpative surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. There is no single established standard of care for prevention of intravesical recurrence; however, one protocol in common use involves the use of intravesical gemcitabine instilled into the bladder during surgery and prior to entry into the bladder. There are barriers to the use of gemcitabine, especially at lower volume centers. Some evidence suggests that intravesical irrigation with sterile water has equivalent efficacy to intravesical chemotherapy in prevention of recurrent bladder cancer following transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). This study is intended to compare recurrence rates using intravesical gemcitabine (as a pseudo-standard of care) and continuous bladder irrigation with sterile water.
* Biopsy proven UTUC with plan for excisional surgery (distal ureterectomy or nephroureterectomy) with curative intent
* Age 18 - 90 years
* Life expectancy \> 1 year
* Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 90 days following completion of therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately.
* A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
* Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
* Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months).
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Concurrent or prior diagnosis of bladder cancer with a disease-free interval of less than three years.
* Synchronous bilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma (prior history of contralateral UTUC is permissible with a disease-free interval of more than three years).
* Plan for radical cystectomy.
* Small bladder capacity (\< 100 mL).
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to gemcitabine or other agents used in study.
PROCEDURE: sterile water irrigation, DRUG: Gemcitabine
Urothelial Cancer of Renal Pelvis, Urothelial Carcinoma Ureter, Urinary Bladder
APOLLO: A Randomized Phase II Double-Blind Study of Olaparib Versus Placebo Following Curative Intent Therapy in Patients With Resected Pancreatic Cancer and a Pathogenic BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 Mutation
This phase II trial investigates how well the addition of olaparib following completion of surgery and chemotherapy works in treating patients with pancreatic cancer that has been surgically removed (resected) and has a pathogenic mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2. Olaparib is an inhibitor of PARP, an enzyme that helps repair deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) when it becomes damaged. Blocking PARP may help keep tumor cells from repairing their damaged DNA, causing them to die. PARP inhibitors are a type of targeted therapy.
* STEP 0 (PRE-REGISTRATION) INCLUSION CRITERIA
* Patient must be \>= 18 years of age on day of consent
* Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2
* Patient must have a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and have successfully undergone a curative intent surgical resection and must have no evidence of recurrent disease as determined by the investigator
* NOTE: This includes patients with adenocarcinoma, acinar carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma adenosquamous and variants thereof. Patients with neuroendocrine tumors are excluded from enrolling
* Patient must (1) be planning to receive, (2) be receiving or (3) have received at least three combined months (i.e., 12 weeks) of perioperative (neoadjuvant, adjuvant or a combination of both) systemic, multi-agent chemotherapy. Patients may have had up to 6 months of perioperative systemic therapy as deemed appropriate by their primary treating medical team (patients can have received radiation or chemoradiation in addition to this 6 month course)
* Patient must be no more than 12 weeks from their most recent treatment (this may be chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery)
* Patient must have a known pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline or somatic mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2, as determined by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) certified or equivalently-accredited laboratory. Mutations must be considered pathogenic or likely pathogenic by a reference database such as ClinVar or OncoKb.org
* STEP 1 (RANDOMIZATION) INCLUSION CRITERIA
* Patient must have met the eligibility criteria outlined above
* Patient must have undergone at least 3 combined months (i.e., 12 weeks) of perioperative (neoadjuvant, adjuvant or a combination of both) systemic, multi-agent chemotherapy. Patients may have had up to 6 months of perioperative systemic therapy as deemed appropriate by their primary treating medical team (patients can have received radiation or chemoradiation in addition to this 6 months course)
* Central expert reviewer must have determined the patient eligible for randomization after review of local genetic testing reports
* If mutation in BRCA1, BRCA2 or PALB2 was identified in tumor tissue and the patient has not previously undergone germline testing, the patient must agree to undergo germline testing
* Patient must have no evidence of recurrent or metastatic pancreatic cancer at the time of randomization as documented by baseline scans obtained =\< 4 weeks prior to Step 1 randomization
* Patient must not have previously had evidence of progressive pancreatic cancer while receiving platinum-based therapy
* Patient must be \>= 21 days (three weeks) from their last treatment (including chemotherapy radiotherapy or surgery) but =\< 84 days (twelve weeks) from their last treatment at the time of Step 1 randomization. Patients who have received neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant radiotherapy are eligible
* Patient must have recovered from any adverse events due to prior anti-cancer therapy (i.e., have no residual toxicities \> grade 1 with the exception of alopecia and/or neuropathy)
* Patient must not be receiving any other investigational agents at the time of Step 1 randomization and while on protocol treatment
* Patient must not have any history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biological composition to olaparib
* Patient must not have any personal history of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia or with features suggestive of MDS/AML
* Patient must not have any uncontrolled gastrointestinal disorder that would, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with the ingestion or absorption of olaparib
* Patient must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due the potential harm to an unborn fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment regimens being used. All patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 14 days prior to Step 1 randomization to rule out pregnancy. A patient of childbearing potential is defined as anyone, regardless of whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
* Patients must not expect to conceive or father children by using accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse for the duration of their participation in the study and for 6 months after the last dose of protocol treatment for female patients and for 3 months after the last dose of protocol treatment for male patients. Patients must also not donate sperm while on protocol treatment and for 3 months after the last dose of protocol treatment. Patients must also not breast-feed while on protocol treatment and for 1 month after the last dose of protocol treatment
* Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Hemoglobin \>= 9.0 g/dL with no blood transfusion in the past 28 days (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) except in patients with Gilbert's syndrome. Patients with Gilbert's syndrome may enroll if direct bilirubin =\< 2.5 x ULN of the direct bilirubin (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2.5 x institutional ULN (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Creatinine =\< 1.5 institutional ULN OR calculated Cockcroft Gault creatinine clearance \> 50 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (obtained =\< 28 days prior to Step 1 randomization)
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
* For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
* Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
* Patient must not have resting electrocardiogram (ECG) indicating uncontrolled, potentially reversible cardiac conditions, as judged by the investigator (e.g. unstable ischemia, uncontrolled symptomatic arrhythmia, congestive heart failure, corrected QT \[QTc\] prolongation \> 500 ms, electrolyte disturbances, etc.) or have congenital long QT syndrome
* Concomitant use of known potent CYP3A4/5 inhibitors such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir, telithromycin, clarithromycin and nelfinavir is prohibited
* Patients who are being actively treated for an ongoing concurrent malignancy are ineligible, with the exception of those receiving adjuvant hormone therapies and those receiving topical therapies for skin cancers
* Patient must not have, in the opinion of the investigator, any other concurrent medical condition that would prevent the patient from complying with the study procedures
* Patient must not be considered a poor medical risk due to a serious, uncontrolled medical disorder, non-malignant systemic disease or active, uncontrolled infection. Examples include, but are not limited to, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia, recent (within 3 months) myocardial infarction, uncontrolled major seizure disorder, unstable spinal cord compression, superior vena cava syndrome, extensive interstitial bilateral lung disease on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan or any psychiatric disorder that prohibits obtaining informed consent
* Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document, or have legally authorized representative provide authorization to participate
* Patient must not have had major surgery within 2 weeks prior to Step 1 randomization and patients must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery
CBL0137 for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors, Including CNS Tumors and Lymphoma
This phase I/II trial evaluates the best dose, side effects and possible benefit of CBL0137 in treating patients with solid tumors, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors or lymphoma that has come back (relapsed) or does not respond to treatment (refractory). Drugs, such as CBL0137, block signals passed from one molecule to another inside a cell. Blocking these signals can affect many functions of the cell, including cell division and cell death, and may kill cancer cells.
* Parts A and B: Patients must be \>= 12 months and =\< 21 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse, except in patients with diffuse intrinsic brain stem tumors, or patients with pineal tumors and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum tumor markers, including alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
* Part A: Patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors or lymphoma, including patients with CNS tumors or known CNS metastases (including untreated or progressive) are eligible
* Part B: Patients with progressive or recurrent DIPG (diagnosed by biopsy or imaging characteristics) and other H3 K27-altered DMG previously treated with radiation therapy
* Part A: Patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease
* Part B: Patients must have measurable disease
* Patient's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Easter Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age. Patients must have a Karnofsky or Lansky score \>= 50%
* Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment. If after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g., blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
* Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive
* Solid tumor patients: \>= 21 days after the last dose of myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
* Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (eg, not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count \[ANC\] counts): \>= 7 days after the last dose of agent
* Antibodies: \>= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =\< 1
* Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, \>= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid. Patients with CNS tumors receiving corticosteroids must have been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment
* Hematopoietic growth factors: \>= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g., pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
* Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): \>= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
* Stem cell Infusions (with or without total body irradiation \[TBI\]):
* Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: \>= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
* Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: \>= 30 days
* Cellular therapy: \>= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g., modified T cells, natural killer \[NK\] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
* Radiation therapy \[XRT\]/external beam irradiation including protons: \>= 14 days after local XRT; \>= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to \>= 50% of the pelvis; \>= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
* Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine \[131I MIBG\]): \>= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
* Patients must not have received prior exposure to CBL0137
* For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated)
* Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions). These patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. At least 5 of every cohort of 6 patients must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity for the dose-escalation part of the study. If dose-limiting hematologic toxicity is observed, all subsequent patients enrolled must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
* For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated)
* Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions). These patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. At least 5 of every cohort of 6 patients must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity for the dose-escalation part of the study. If dose-limiting hematologic toxicity is observed, all subsequent patients enrolled must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a creatinine based on age/sex as follows (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated):
* Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
* 1 to \< 2 years: 0.6 (male); 0.6 (female)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male); 0.8 (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male); 1 (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male); 1.2 (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male); 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 (male); 1.4 (female)
* Patients with solid tumors:
* Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated or total) =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated)
* Patients with solid tumors:
* Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L. For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated)
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated) or
* Ejection fraction of \>= 50% by gated radionuclide study (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated)
* Corrected QT (QTC) \< 480 msec (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment unless otherwise indicated)
* Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if seizures well controlled without the use of enzyme-inducing anti-convulsant agents. Well controlled is defined by no increase in seizure frequency in the prior 7 days
* Nervous system disorders (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] version \[v\]5) resulting from prior therapy must be =\< grade 2, with the exception of decreased tendon reflex (DTR). Any grade of DTR is eligible
* Patients have consented to receive a central venous catheter prior to the administration of CBL0137. A central line is required for CBL0137 administration
Exclusion Criteria:
* Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies, OR because there is yet no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities. Pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal. Males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two effective methods of birth control, including a medically accepted barrier or contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) for the duration of the study. Abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control
* Patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible. If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, \>= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
* Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
* Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible (except leukemia patients receiving hydroxyurea, which may be continued until 24 hours prior to start of protocol therapy)
* Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial
* Patients who are receiving drugs that are strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4, CYP2B6 (e.g., carbamazepine) and CYP1A2 (e.g., ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, fluvoxamine, smoking) are not eligible. These agents are to be avoided for 7 days prior to the start of CBL0137 and for the duration of the protocol therapy. Sensitive substrates of CYP2D6 (e.g., atomoxetine, desipramine, dextromethorphan, eliglustat, nebivolol, nortriptyline, perphenazine, tolterodine, R-venlafaxine) should also be avoided for the duration protocol therapy
* Patients who are receiving drugs associated with a known risk of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) are not eligible. Drugs associated with known risk of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) are to be avoided for 7 days prior to the start of CBL0137 and for duration of the protocol therapy
* Patients with known peripheral vascular disease are excluded
* Patients with a history of pro-thrombotic disorder are not eligible
* Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
* Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
* Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Aspirate, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Biopsy, PROCEDURE: Echocardiography Test, DRUG: FACT Complex-targeting Curaxin CBL0137
Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered, Metastatic Malignant Neoplasm in the Central Nervous System, Recurrent Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma, Recurrent Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3 K27-Altered, Recurrent Lymphoma, Recurrent Malignant Solid Neoplasm, Recurrent Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm, Refractory Lymphoma, Refractory Malignant Solid Neoplasm, Refractory Primary Malignant Central Nervous System Neoplasm, Bones and Joints, Brain and Nervous System, Lymphoma
A Trial of Robotic Versus Open Hysterectomy Surgery in Cervix Cancer (ROCC)
This is a randomized controlled trial to compare survival for patients who undergoe robotic assisted laparoscopy versus open hysterectomy and lymph node assessment for the treatment of early stage cervical cancer.
• Patient must have histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma (usual/classic/NOS), squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma (Including glassy cell)
• Patient must be FIGO Stage IA2, IBI, IB2 (2018 staging) without evidence of definitive parametrial, vaginal, nodal or distant metastases on exam or imaging. Patients with tumor size less than or equal to 4 cm confirmed on MRI prior to randomization are eligible.
• Patient must have uterine size \<12 cm AND felt to be appropriate for vaginal delivery of the specimen per investigator.
• Patient must be suitable surgical candidate with preoperative assessments such as labs and EKG performed per institutional standard and agree to be randomized to undergo open or robotic radical (or simple) hysterectomy.
NOTE: Simple hysterectomy will be allowed in patients who meet the following criteria:
• pelvic MRI must demonstrate a maximal tumor size of 2 cm or less AND
• less than 50% stromal invasion on MRI if tumor present or less than 10 mm of stromal invasion if an excisional (cold knife or LEEP) has been performed.
Submission of source documents in the GOG Partners Source Document Portal will be required prior to randomization for review and confirmation of simple hysterectomy being met (see Section 6.0 for instructions).
• Patient must be age 18 years or older.
• Patient must have ECOG performance status 0-1.
• Patient must have a negative urine pregnancy test within 30 days of surgery in pre-menopausal women.
• Patient must have signed an approved informed consent and authorization permitting the release of personal health information.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Patients with any tumor histology other than those listed above, specifically excluding the following histologies: neuroendocrine, other adenocarcinoma (gastric type, endometrioid, clear cell, serous, signet ring, minimal deviation)
• Patients with FIGO stage 1A1, IB3, II-IV (2018 staging).
• Patient with inability to receive an MRI.
• Patients with a tumor size greater than 4cm or on MRI confirmed prior to randomization are excluded. Patients with definite evidence of vaginal/parametrial involvement on MRI are excluded; if MRI findings are not definitive, then clinical examination must also not reveal parametrial or vaginal extension).
• Patients with evidence of metastatic disease (imaging or histologically positive lymph nodes).
• Patients with a history of prior pelvic or abdominal radiotherapy.
• Patients with a prior malignancy \< 5 years from enrollment with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer.
• Patients who are unable to withstand prolonged lithotomy or steep trendelenberg.
• Patient compliance and geographic proximity that do not allow adequate follow-up.
• Patients with poorly controlled HIV with CD4 counts \<500.
DEVICE: da Vinci, OTHER: open surgery
Cervical Cancer, Cervix
UT Southwestern; Parkland Health & Hospital System
DALY II USA is a phase II, multi-center, single arm study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of zamtocabtagene autoleucel (MB-CART2019.1) in patients with relapsed and/or refractory B cell lymphoma (BCL). Cohorts include subjects with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after receiving at least 2 lines of therapy, primary or secondary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL) and (SCNSL) after receiving at least one line of therapy, mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and Richter's transformation (RT) after receiving at least one line of therapy, and DLBCL transplant-ineligible after receiving at least one line of therapy.
* Histologically confirmed B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma:
* DLBCL cohort (both cohorts)
* DLBCL or associated subtype, defined by WHO 2016 classification
* DLBCL not otherwise specified (NOS)
* High-grade B cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements
* High-grade B cell lymphoma (NOS)
* Primary mediastinal (thymic) large B cell lymphoma
* Transformed lymphoma (e.g., transformed follicular, or marginal zone lymphoma, follicular lymphoma (FL Grade 3)
o CNS cohort
* B-cell primary or secondary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL or SCNSL)
o Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) cohort
* Histologically confirmed MCL determined by overexpression of cyclin D1 or presence of t(11;14) (q13; q32) translocation
o Richter's Transformation (RT) cohort
* Histologically confirmed RT to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) subtype from underlying CLL (clonally related)
* Relapsed or refractory disease is defined for DLBCL (and associated subtypes) population as:
For DLBCL cohort (after receiving at least two prior lines of therapy): persistent disease after failure of 2 or more lines of chemotherapy including rituximab or equivalent and anthracycline and either after failed ASCT, or ineligible, not intended for or not consenting to ASCT
* Chemotherapy-refractory disease (applies to all cohorts) is defined as persistent disease after last line of therapy or relapsed or persistent disease after prior ASCT for lymphoma
* Disease relapse in subjects without prior ASCT is defined as relapse of disease after the last dose of most recent therapy regimen
For disease specific cohorts added after the initial DLBCL cohort the definition of relapsed/refractory disease is as described below:
CNS cohort: Subjects with relapsed/refractory PCNSL that have failed (or unable to tolerate) at least first-line therapy.
* First-line therapy is defined as either high dose methotrexatebased therapy, temozolomide, high dose cytarabine, pemetrexed, lenalidomide or Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor-based therapy.
* No contraindications for MRI evaluation
* CNS cohort: Subjects with SCNSL must have relapsed or refractory disease after having received at least one prior line of systemic therapy
* Prior lines of systemic therapy should include an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and anthracycline containing chemotherapy regimen and/or with or without an autologous stem cell transplant
MCL cohort: Subjects with relapsed/refractory disease after at least one prior systemic treatment, that must include:
* Cytotoxic rituximab \[or equivalent\] based chemotherapy regimen (eg, rituximab bendamustine, R-CHOP, R-DHAP, R-ARA-C) AND
* BTK inhibitor
RT cohort: Subject must have relapsed/refractory disease after at least one prior systemic treatment following Richter's Transformation
DLBCL transplant ineligible 2nd cohort: subject must have failure of first-line chemotherapy (including rituximab or equivalent and anthracycline).
* For this cohort subjects are considered transplant ineligible if they meet one of the following criteria:
* Age ≥70 years
* ECOG status is 2 at screening
* Impaired pulmonary function: diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide \[DLCO\] ≤ 60% adjusted for gender-specific hemoglobin concentration (Coates formula)
* Impaired cardiac function: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \< 50%; must be assessed by echocardiogram or multiple uptake gated acquisition (MUGA) scan performed within 4 weeks of determination of eligibility
* Impaired renal function: calculated creatinine clearance (Cockcroft and Gault) \< 60 mL/min
* Impaired hepatic function: aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> 2 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
In addition, all subjects must have:
* Age ≥18 years
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status that is either 0 or 1 at screening. ECOG performance status of 2 at screen is allowed if the decrease in performance status is due to lymphoma
* Subjects in DLBCL transplant-ineligible 2nd-line cohort with ECOG performance status of 2, regardless of attribution, will be allowed for inclusion
* Measurable disease will be assessed by FDG-PET/CT in systemic lymphoma . and by brain/spine MRI for CNS disease
* Subject must have a tumor biopsy sample (at least 16 unstained slides of tissue or tissue block) from the most recent relapse available prior to MB-CART2019.1 infusion. If medically not feasible to obtain a biopsy from the most recent relapse and for cases when the amount of tissue is limited, the sponsor should be consulted, to confirm adequacy of the sample for study required analyses
* No clinical suspicion of central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (not applicable to CNS cohort)
* Subjects in DLBCL transplant-ineligible 2nd-line cohort with SCNSL will be allowed for inclusion
* If the subject has history of CNS disease (not applicable to CNS cohort), then he/she must have no signs or symptoms of CNS disease, have no active disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have no large cell lymphoma present in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), regardless of the number of white blood cells (WBCs)
* If has history of cerebral vascular accident (CVA), the CVA event must be greater than 12 months prior to leukapheresis. Any neurological deficits must be stable
* A creatinine clearance (as estimated by direct urine collection or Cockcroft-Gault Equation) \> 45mL/min
* Cardiac ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 45% as determined by an echocardiogram (ECHO) or Multigated Radionuclide Angiography (MUGA)
* Subjects in DLBCL transplant-ineligible 2nd-line cohort with a lower ejection fraction of \> 40% will be allowed for inclusion
* Resting O2 saturation \>90% on room air
* Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) / aspartate aminotransferase (AST)\<5 times the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN) for age
* Total bilirubin \<1.5 mg/dl, except in individuals with Gilbert's syndrome
* Subjects in DLBCL transplant-ineligible 2nd-line cohort with a total bilirubin of \< 2.0 mg/dL will be allowed for inclusion
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \> 1000/μL
* Absolute lymphocyte count \> 100/μL
* Platelet count \> 50,000/µL
* Estimated life expectancy of more than 3 months other than primary disease
Exclusion Criteria:
* Primary CNS lymphoma (not applicable to CNS cohort)
* Richter's transformed DLBCL arising from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (not applicable to RT cohort)
* Unable to give informed consent
* Known history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis B (HBsAg positive). If there is a history of treated hepatitis B or hepatitis C, the viral load must be quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negative; antiviral prophylaxis is required if HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive
* Known history of infection with hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV positive) unless viral load is undetectable per quantitative PCR and/or nucleic acid testing.
* Pharmacologically uncontrolled seizures.
* Known history or presence of autoimmune CNS disease, such as multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis, or other immunologic or inflammatory disease
* Presence of CNS disorder that, in the judgment of the Investigator, may impair the ability to evaluate neurotoxicity. For CNS Cohort:
* For CNSL and DLBCL transplant-ineligible 2nd-line cohort patients that have a CNS lesion(s): Midline shift on MRI or Abnormal high CSF opening pressure and or CSF protein ≥150 mg/dL Recent (within 3 months) whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) are exclusionary
* Active systemic fungal, viral, or bacterial infection
* Pregnant or breast-feeding woman
* Previous or concurrent malignancy with the following exceptions:
* Adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma (adequate wound healing required prior to study entry)
* In situ carcinoma of the cervix or breast, treated curatively and without evidence of recurrence for at least 2 years prior to the study
* Adequately treated breast or prostate carcinoma on hormonal therapies such as Lupron or tamoxifen and in clinical remission of ≥ 2 years
* A primary malignancy which has been completely resected / treated with curative intent and in complete remission of ≥ 2 years
* Severely immunocompromised subjects e.g., due to current treatment of non-neurologic autoimmune disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus).
* Medical condition requiring prolonged use of systemic corticosteroids equivalent to prednisone \>10 mg/day. For CNS cohort: Up to 2 mg/day dexamethasone (or equivalence) may be allowed at any time, higher doses allowed up to 7 days prior to apheresis or after apheresis until lymphodepletion.
* History of myocardial infarction, cardiac angioplasty or stenting, unstable angina, or other clinically significant cardiac disease within 6 months of enrollment.
* Concurrent radiotherapy (allowed up to time of lymphodepletion). For prior systemic therapy, at least 2 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is shorter, must have elapsed at the time of scheduled leukapheresis.
* Baseline dementia that would interfere with therapy or monitoring, determined using Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) Assessment at baseline.
* History of severe immediate hypersensitivity reaction to any of the agents used in this study.
* Refusal to participate in additional lentiviral gene therapy long-term follow-up (LTFU) protocol
* Prior CAR-T therapy for any indication or systemic gene modifying therapy for B-cell lymphoma
* Prior allogeneic stem cell transplant for any indication
* Prior Bispecific T cell engaging (BITE) antibodies for cancer therapy
* Prior T cell receptor-engineered T cell therapy
Study With ABBV-CLS-484 in Participants With Locally Advanced or Metastatic Tumors
The study will assess the safety, PK, PD, and preliminary efficacy of ABBV-CLS-484 as monotherapy and in combination with a PD-1 targeting agent or with a or a vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).
The trial aims to establish a safe, tolerable, and efficacious dose of ABBV-CLS-484 as monotherapy and in combination. The study will be conducted in three parts. Part 1 Monotherapy Dose Escalation, Part 2 Combination Dose Escalation and Part 3 Dose Expansion (Monotherapy and Combination therapy).
Part 1, ABBV-CLS-484 will be administered alone in escalating dose levels to eligible subjects who have advanced solid tumors.
Part 2, ABBV-CLS-484 will be administered at escalating dose levels in combination with a PD-1 targeting agent or with a VEGFR TKI to eligible subjects who have advanced solid tumors.
Part 3, ABBV-CLS-484 will be administered alone as a monotherapy at the determined recommended dose in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic, relapsed or refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), relapsed or refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). ABBV-CLS-484 will also be administered at the determined recommended dose in combination with a PD-1 targeting or with a VEGFR TKI agent in subjects with locally advanced or metastatic, HNSCC, NSCLC, MSI-H tumors refractory to PD-1/PD-L1, and advanced ccRCC.
* Must weigh at least 35 kilograms (kg).
* An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status \<= 2.
* Life expectancy of \>= 12 weeks.
* Laboratory values meeting protocol criteria.
* QT interval corrected for heart rate \< 470 msec (using Fridericia's correction), and no clinically significant electrocardiographic findings.
* Measurable disease defined by RECIST 1.1 criteria.
For Monotherapy and Combination Dose Escalation:
* Participants with histologically or cytologically proven metastatic or locally advanced tumors, for which no effective standard therapy exists, or where standard therapy has failed. Participants must have received at least 1 prior systemic anticancer therapy for the indication being considered.
For Monotherapy Dose Expansion only:
* Participants must have received at least 1 prior line containing PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy with a best response by RECIST v1.1 of CR/PR/stable (any duration) or stable disease (for greater than 6 months); AND
* Must have been previously treated with 1 or more prior lines of therapy in the locally advanced or metastatic setting with the following tumor types:
* Relapsed/refractory HNSCC
* Relapsed/refractory NSCLC
* Advanced ccRCC
For PD-1 Targeting Agent Combination Dose Expansion only:
* For the following tumor types, subject must have received at least 1 prior line containing PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy with response by RECIST v1.1 of CR/PR (any duration) or stable disease (for greater than 6 months):
* Relapsed HNSCC
* Relapsed NSCLC
* Relapsed Advanced ccRCC
* For the following tumor types, subject must have received at least 1 prior line containing PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy and have had disease progression with PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy:
* Locally Advanced or metastatic MSI-H tumors
For VEGFR TKI Combination Dose Expansion only:
* Relapsed advance ccRCC with no more than 1 prior VEGFR TKI
* Participants no recent history of hemorrhage, including hemoptysis, hematemesis, or melena
* Participants with poorly controlled hypertension are excluded.
Exclusion Criteria:
* Untreated brain or meningeal metastases (i.e., subjects with history of metastases are eligible provided they do not require ongoing steroid treatment and have shown clinical and radiographic stability for at least 28 days after definitive therapy)
* Unresolved Grade 2 or higher toxicities related to previous anticancer therapy except alopecia.
* Unresolved Grade 2 or higher peripheral neuropathy.
* History of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
* Recent history (within 6 months) of congestive heart failure (defined as New York Heart Association, Class 2 or higher), ischemic cardiovascular event, pericarditis, or clinically significant pericardial effusion or arrythmia.
* Recent history (within 6 months) of Childs-Pugh B or C classification of liver disease.
* History of clinically significant medical and/or psychiatric conditions or any other reason that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the subject's participation in this study or would make the subject an unsuitable candidate to receive study drug.
* History of uncontrolled, clinically significant endocrinopathy.
* Known gastrointestinal disorders making absorption of oral medications problematic; subject must be able to swallow capsules.
* If treated with a PD-1/aPD-L1 targeting or other immune-oncology agents in the past, excluded if had prior pneumonitis, prior Grade 3 or higher immune mediated toxicity, hypersensitivity to administered drug or drug related toxicity requiring discontinuation.
* Active autoimmune disease requiring systemic treatment in past 2-years (exceptions for endocrinopathies, vitiligo or atopic conditions).
* History of solid organ transplant or allogeneic stem cell transplant.
* History of other malignancy, with the following exceptions:
* No known active disease present within \>= 3 years before first dose of study treatment and felt to be at low recurrence by investigator.
* Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or lentigo maligna without evidence of disease.
* Adequately treated carcinoma in situ without evidence of disease.
* History of interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis.
* Major surgery \<= 28 days prior to first dose of study drug
* Known active severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection per local testing practices.
VITAS: Atezolizumab in Combination With Chemotherapy for Pediatric Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors
This trial is a multi-center, non-randomized, open-label Phase I/II study evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of vincristine, irinotecan, temozolomide, and atezolizumab in children with relapsed/refractory solid tumors.
• Signed informed consent
• Relapsed or refractory solid tumor after at least one prior course of therapy.
• Hodgkin lymphoma or non-Hodgkin lymphoma are not permitted.
• Patients with CNS malignancy or asymptomatic CNS metastases may be enrolled, provided all of the following criteria are met.
* No metastatic or primary disease affecting the brainstem, midbrain, pons, or cerebellum, or within 10 mm of optic nerve
* No history of leptomeningeal disease
* No history of intracranial or spinal cord hemorrhage
* No evidence of progression of neurologic deficit, in the investigator's judgment, within 7 days prior to initiation of study medications.
• Must have histologically confirmed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) for RMS efficacy cohort.
• Age ≥ 6 months and ≤ 30 years
• Lansky Performance Status (patients \< 16 years old) or Karnofsky Performance Status (patients ≥ 16 years old) ≥ 50
• Ability to comply with the study protocol, in the investigator's judgment
• For RMS efficacy cohort, disease must be measurable as defined by RECIST v1.1.
• For the feasibility cohort, disease must be evaluable, but patients enrolled in the feasibility cohort will be prospectively assessed for measurable disease, RMS patients will also be included in the RMS efficacy cohort.
• Previously irradiated lesions can be considered as measurable disease only if progressive disease has been unequivocally documented at that site since radiation.
• Availability of a tumor specimen suitable for determination of PD-L1 status, either from initial diagnosis or from a recurrence.
• For PD-L1 staining to be performed at the central site, a formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor specimen in a paraffin block (preferred) or at least 15 slides containing unstained, freshly cut, serial sections must be available along with an associated pathology report prior to study enrollment.
• Patients for whom the required number of slides are not available may still be eligible to enroll on study with PI approval
• For the RMS efficacy cohort, it will be required that at least 8 of 17 patients have PD-L1(+) tumor. PD-L1 status will be determined at time of enrollment for all patients. When the maximum allowable number of PD-L1(-) patients has been enrolled and treated on study, PD-L1 positivity will be required for all further enrolled patients.
• Staining will be performed in the central site CAP/CLIA-certified laboratory using the 22c3 antibody for immunohistochemical analysis
• PD-L1(+) status will be defined as staining on ≥1% of tumor cells or ≥1% of stroma.
• For the feasibility cohort, PD-L1 positivity is not required but will be performed centrally in all cases for exploratory biomarker studies.
• Adequate organ and marrow function as defined by the following laboratory values obtained within 21 days prior to initiation of study medication.
• For patients without known bone marrow involvement:
* Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.0 x 10\^9 / L (1000/µL) without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support (≥14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor such as pegfilgrastim, or 7 days after short-acting growth factor)
* Platelet count ≥ 75 x 10\^9 / L (75,000/µL) without transfusion in the last 7 days
• Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for the study if they meet the following criteria:
* Patients with documented liver metastases: AST and ALT ≤ 5 x ULN
* Patients with documented liver or bone metastases: ALP ≤ 5 x ULN
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 750/mm\^3
* Platelet count ≥ 50,000/mm\^3 (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions)
* These patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. At least 4 of 6 patients in the feasibility cohort must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity. If dose-limiting hematologic toxicity is observed, all subsequent patients enrolled must be evaluable for hematologic toxicity.
• Total bilirubin ≤1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (Patients with known Gilbert disease: serum bilirubin ≤ 3 x ULN)
• AST (SGOT) and ALT (SPGT) ≤ 2.5 x ULN for age
• Serum albumin ≥ 25 g/L (2.5 g/dL)
• Creatinine ≤ 1.5 x ULN for age or creatinine clearance (or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m2
• Left ventricular ejection fraction ≥ 50% or shortening fraction ≥ 30%
• Hemoglobin ≥ 90 g/L (9 g/dL)
• Patients may be transfused to meet this criterion.
• For patients not receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: INR or aPTT ≤ 1.5 x ULN
• For patients receiving therapeutic anticoagulation: stable anticoagulant regimen
• Negative HIV and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) tests at screening
• For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive methods, and agreement to refrain from donating eggs, as defined below:
• Women must remain abstinent or use contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \< 1% per year during the treatment period and for 5 months after the final doses of atezolizumab, vincristine, and temozolomide. Women must refrain from donating eggs during this same period.
• A woman is considered to be of childbearing potential if she is postmenarchal, has not reached a postmenopausal state (≥ 12 continuous months of amenorrhea with no identified cause other than menopause), and has not undergone surgical sterilization (removal of ovaries and/or uterus), regardless of sexual orientation or marital status.
• Examples of contraceptive methods with a failure rate of \< 1% per year include bilateral tubal ligation, male sterilization, hormonal contraceptives that inhibit ovulation, hormone-releasing intrauterine devices, and copper intrauterine devices.
• The reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not adequate methods of contraception.
• For men who are not surgically sterile: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use contraceptive measures, and agreement to refrain from donating sperm, as defined below:
• With a female partner of childbearing potential who is not pregnant, men must remain abstinent or use a condom plus an additional contraceptive method that together result in a failure rate of less 1% per year during the treatment period and for 5 months after the final doses of atezolizumab, irinotecan, and temozolomide. Men must refrain from donating sperm during this same period.
• The reliability of sexual abstinence should be evaluated in relation to the duration of the clinical trial and the preferred and usual lifestyle of the patient. Periodic abstinence (e.g., calendar, ovulation, symptothermal, or postovulation methods) and withdrawal are not adequate methods of contraception
Exclusion Criteria:
• Pregnancy or breast-feeding:
• Pregnancy or breastfeeding, or intention of becoming pregnant during study treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of study treatment
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test result within 21 days prior to initiation of study treatment.
• Medical conditions that are excluded:
• Active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency, including, but not limited to, myasthenia gravis, myositis, autoimmune hepatitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, or Kawasaki syndrome with the following exceptions:
* Patients with a history of autoimmune-related hypothyroidism who are on thyroid-replacement hormone are eligible for the study.
* Patients with controlled Type 1 diabetes mellitus who are on an insulin regimen are eligible for the study.
* Patients with eczema, psoriasis, lichen simplex chronicus, or vitiligo with dermatologic manifestations only (e.g., patients with psoriatic arthritis are excluded) are eligible for the study provided all of following conditions are met at study initiation: (1) Rash must cover less 10% of body surface area, (2) Disease is well controlled at baseline and requires only low-potency topical corticosteroids, (3) No occurrence of acute exacerbations of the underlying condition requiring psoralen plus ultraviolet A radiation, methotrexate, retinoids, biologic agents, oral calcineurin inhibitors, or high-potency or oral corticosteroids within the previous 12 months
• Uncontrolled or symptomatic hypercalcemia (ionized calcium \> 1.5 mmol/L, calcium \> 12 mg/dL or corrected serum calcium \> ULN)
• Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring recurrent drainage procedures (once monthly or more frequently)
* Patients with indwelling catheters (e.g., PleurX®) are allowed.
• Uncontrolled tumor-related pain
* Patients requiring pain medication must be on a stable regimen at study entry for at least 2 weeks. Intermittent use of as-needed medication is allowed during this period.
• Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder that may interfere with absorption of orally administered drugs (at the discretion of the treating physician)
• History of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia (e.g., bronchiolitis obliterans), drug-induced pneumonitis, or idiopathic pneumonitis, or evidence of active pneumonitis on screening chest computed tomography (CT) scan
* History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted.
• Significant cardiovascular disease (such as New York Heart Association Class II or greater cardiac disease, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident) within 3 months prior to initiation of study treatment, unstable arrhythmia, or unstable angina
• History of severe asthma or uncontrolled asthma
• Dyspnea at rest or requirement for supplemental oxygen
• Uncontrolled seizures. Patients taking a stable dose of anticonvulsants (for 2 weeks) are permitted, as long as they are not strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4.
• Any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding that contraindicates the use of an investigational drug, may affect the interpretation of the results, or may render the patient at high risk from treatment complications in the opinion of the treating investigator
• Washout periods from prior therapies:
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 21 days prior to starting study treatment.
* Subjects must have recovered from all acute prior treatment-related toxicities to grade 1 or baseline (excluding alopecia and clinically stable toxicities requiring ongoing medical management, such as hypothyroidism).
• Non-myelosuppressive cancer therapy, such as kinase inhibitors, within 7 days prior to study treatment.
• Treatment with monoclonal antibodies with long half-lives, within 3 half-lives prior to study treatment.
• Treatment with targeted cellular therapies within 28 days prior to starting study treatment.
• Major surgical procedure, other than for diagnosis, within 30 days prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of the need for a major surgical procedure during the first four cycles of the study.
* Biopsy tissue collection or placement of a vascular access device is permitted if the site has healed prior to initiation of study medications.
* For patients with CNS disease, no neurosurgical resection, brain biopsy, or stereotactic/whole-brain radiation within 30 days prior to Cycle 1, Day 1
• Treatment with a live, attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of the need for such a vaccine during atezolizumab treatment or within 5 months after the final dose of atezolizumab
• Treatment with investigational therapy within 21 days prior to initiation of study treatment or concurrent participation with another investigational agent
• Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including, but not limited to, interferon and interleukin 2 \[IL-2\]) within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) prior to initiation of study treatment
• Treatment with systemic immunosuppressive medication (including, but not limited to, corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, methotrexate, thalidomide, and anti-TNF-agents) within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study treatment, or anticipation of the need for systemic immunosuppressive medication during study treatment, with the following exceptions:
* Patients who received acute, low-dose systemic immunosuppressant medication or a one-time pulse dose of systemic immunosuppressant medication (e.g., 48 hours of corticosteroids for a contrast allergy) are eligible for the study after Principal Investigator confirmation has been obtained.
* Patients who received mineralocorticoids (e.g., fludrocortisone), corticosteroids for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma, or low-dose corticosteroids for orthostatic hypotension or adrenal insufficiency are eligible for the study.
* Patients with CNS disease can be receiving concurrent treatment with corticosteroids with approval from the Principal Investigator. Patients must be receiving a stable or decreasing dose for ≥ 5 days prior to the baseline MRI scan and at the time of drug initiation. The Principal Investigator should be informed when steroid doses are increased because of declining patient status.
• Use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers or strong UGT1A1 inhibitors within 12 days of Cycle 1, Day 1.
• Treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem-cell rescue within 3 months prior to initiation of study drug
• Treatment with herbal cancer therapy within 1 week prior to initiation of study medications.
• Treatment with a long-acting hematopoietic growth factor (such as pegfilgrastim) within 2 weeks prior to initiation of study medications, or a short-acting hematopoietic growth factor (such as G-CSF) within 1 week prior to initiation of study medications.
• Prior treatments:
• Prior allogeneic stem cell or solid organ transplantation
• Prior treatment with CD137 agonists or immune checkpoint blockade therapies to include all anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic antibodies
• Treatment with systemic immunostimulatory agents (including, but not limited to, interferon and interleukin 2 \[IL-2\] within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) prior to initiation of study treatment
• Subjects must not have previously progressed while receiving regimens that include irinotecan or temozolomide. Patients who have received irinotecan or temozolomide and did not progress while on these medications are eligible.
• Known ongoing or untreated infection, including, but not limited to bacteremia, active tuberculosis, or severe pneumonia
• Active tuberculosis
• Current treatment with anti-viral therapy for HBV
• Active hepatitis C
• Patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., to prevent a urinary tract infection or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation) are eligible for the study
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any component of the study medications
• History of severe allergic anaphylactic reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies or fusion proteins
• Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or to any component of the atezolizumab formulation
LEGEND Study: EG-70 in NMIBC Patients BCG-Unresponsive and High-Risk NMIBC Incompletely Treated With BCG or BCG-Naïve
This study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravesical administration of detalimogene (EG-70) in the bladder and its effect on bladder tumors in patients with NMIBC.
This study study consists of two phases; a Phase 1 dose-escalation to establish safety and recommended the phase 2 dose, followed by a Phase 2 study to establish how effective the treatment is. The Study will include patients with: NMIBC with CIS for whom BCG therapy is unresponsive, and other high risk patients with NMIBC.
A Substudy will include a surfactant bladder rinse prior to the instillation of detalimogene in patients with NMIBC with CIS for whom BCG therapy is unresponsive.
BCG-unresponsive Patients:
• BCG-unresponsive NMIBC with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without coexisting papillary Ta/T1 tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy, and have experienced CIS disease within 12 months of treatment where: adequate BCG regimen consists of at least 2 courses of BCG where the first course (induction) must have included at least 5 or 6 doses and the second course may have included a re-induction (at least 2 treatments) or maintenance (at least 2 doses), and Cis must be documented or indicated by pathology
Phase 2 Only:
• BCG-Naïve or BCG-incompletely treated Patients with CIS or BCG-unresponsive, HG Ta/T1 papillary disease without CIS:
-NMIBC with current Cis of the bladder, with or without coexisting papillary Ta/T1 NMIBC tumor(s), who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy, where: either: cohort 2a) no treatment with BCG but may have previously been treated with at least 1 dose of intravesical chemotherapy following transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and Cis must be documented or cohort 2b) indicated by pathology incomplete BCG treatment (at least 1 dose and less than the 5+2 doses required for adequate dosing per Cohort 1) or cohort 3) patients who are BCG-unresponsive following adequate treatment, with HG Ta/T1 papillary disease without CIS.
All Patients with High Grade NMIBC:
• Patients who have previously been treated with a checkpoint inhibitor and failed treatment are eligible for inclusion 30 days post-treatment (Phase 1) or 3 months post-treatment (Phase 2).
• Male or non-pregnant, non-lactating female, 18 years or older.
• Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at Screening.
• Female patients of childbearing potential must be willing to consent to using highly effective birth control methods; Male patients are required to utilize a condom for the duration of the study treatment through 3 months post-dose.
• In Phase 2, for patients with T1 lesions may be eligible after repeat TURBT if pathology shows non-invasive (Ta or less) or no disease.
• Performance Status: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0, 1, and 2.
• Hematologic inclusion: a. Absolute neutrophil count \>1,500/mm3. b. Hemoglobin \>9.0 g/dL. c. Platelet count \>100,000/mm3.
• Hepatic inclusion: a. Total bilirubin must be ≤1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN). b. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase ≤2.5 x ULN.
• Adequate renal function with creatinine clearance \>30 mL/min
• Prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time ≤1.25 x ULN or within the therapeutic range if on anticoagulation therapy.
• Must have satisfactory bladder function with ability to retain study drug for 60 minutes.
Exclusion Criteria:
• Active malignancies (i.e., progressing or requiring treatment change in the last 24 months). Exceptions allowed under Sponsor review.
• Concurrent treatment with any chemotherapeutic agent.
• History of partial cystectomy.
• Treatment with last therapeutic agent (including intravesical chemotherapy post-TURBT) within 30 days of Screening (prior to the screening biopsy).
• Patients who have received systemic immunosuppressive medication including high-dose corticosteroids.
• History of severe asthma or other respiratory diseases.
• History of unresolved vesicoureteral reflux or an indwelling urinary stent.
• History of unresolved hydronephrosis due to ureteral obstruction.
• Participation in any other research protocol involving administration of an investigational agent within 30 Days prior to screening or any prior treatment of NMIBC with any investigational gene or immunotherapy agent.
• History of external beam radiation to the pelvis or prostate brachytherapy within the last 12 months.
• History of interstitial lung disease and/or pneumonitis in patients who have previously received a PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor therapy.
• Evidence of metastatic disease.
• History of difficult catheterization that in the opinion of the Investigator will prevent administration of EG-70.
• Active interstitial cystitis on cystoscopy or biopsy.
• Active, uncontrolled bacterial, viral, or fungal infection(s) requiring systemic therapy.
• Known human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B, or Hepatitis C infection.
• Significant cardiovascular risk (e.g., coronary stenting within 8 weeks, myocardial infarction within 6 months).
• Hypersensitivity to any of the excipients of the study drug.
Exclusionary for Bladder Rinse cohorts: known allergy to polidocanol
Efficacy and Safety of Nemtabrutinib (MK-1026) in Participants With Hematologic Malignancies (MK-1026-003)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nemtabrutinib (formerly ARQ 531) in participants with hematologic malignancies of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/ small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL), Richter's transformation, marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM).
* Has an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2 within 7 days before C1D1 (the first dose of study treatment)
* Has a life expectancy of at least 3 months, based on the investigator assessment
* Has the ability to swallow and retain oral medication
* Participants who are Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive are eligible if they have received Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antiviral therapy for at least 4 weeks and have undetectable HBV viral load prior to randomization
* Participants with history of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are eligible if HCV viral load is undetectable at screening
* Has adequate organ function
* Male participants agree to refrain from donating sperm and agree to either remain abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle OR agree to use contraception, during the intervention period and for at least the time required to eliminate the study intervention after last dose of study intervention
* Female participants assigned female sex at birth who are not pregnant or breastfeeding are eligible to participate if not a participant of childbearing potential (POCBP), or if a POCBP they either use a contraceptive method that is highly effective OR remain abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle during the intervention period and for at least to eliminate study intervention after the last dose of study intervention
* Participants with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are eligible if they meet all of the following: the CD4 count is \>350 cells/uL at screening, the HIV viral load is below the detectable level, are on a stable ART regimen for at least 4 weeks prior to study entry, and are compliant with their ART
Part 1 and Part 2 (Cohorts A to C and J)
* Has a confirmed diagnosis of Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/ Small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) with
* At least 2 lines of prior therapy (Part 1 only)
* Part 2 Cohort A: CLL/SLL participants who are relapsed or refractory to prior therapy with a covalent, irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi), and a B-cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor (BCL2i). CLL participants must have received and failed, been intolerant to, or determined by their treating physician to be a poor phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor (PI3Ki) candidate or ineligible for a PI3Ki per local guidelines
* Part 2 Cohort B: CLL/SLL participants who are relapsed or refractory following at least 1 line of prior therapy and are BTKi treatment naive
* Part 2 Cohort C: CLL/SLL participants with 17p deletion or tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutation who are relapsed or refractory following at least 1 line of prior therapy
* Part 2 Cohort J: CLL/SLL participants whose disease relapsed or was refractory to prior therapy with a covalent/irreversible BTKi and BCL2i. NOTE: As of Protocol Amendment 09, at least 10 CLL/SLL participants whose disease relapsed or was refractory to prior therapy with a covalent/irreversible BTKi, BCL2i and noncovalent/reversible BTKi (all three classes of therapies are required) will be enrolled into Cohort J
* Has active disease for CLL/SLL clearly documented to initiate therapy
* For SLL participants in Part 2: Has evaluable core or excisional lymph node biopsy for biomarker analysis from an archival or newly obtained biopsy or bone marrow aspirate at Screening (optional for participants enrolling in Part 1)
Part 2 (Cohorts D to G)
\- Has a confirmed diagnosis of and meets the following prior therapy requirements:
* Participants with Richter's transformation who are relapsed or refractory following at least 1 line of prior therapy (Cohort D)
* Participants with pathologically confirmed Mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL), documented by either overexpression of cyclin D1 or t (11;14), who are relapsed or are refractory to chemoimmunotherapy and a covalent irreversible BTKi (Cohort E)
* Participants with Marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) (including splenic, nodal, and extra nodal MZL) who are relapsed or refractory to at least one prior line of systemic therapy including an anti-CD20-based regimen
* Participants with Follicular lymphoma (FL) who are relapsed or refractory to chemoimmunotherapy and immunomodulatory agents (such as lenalidomide based regimen) (Cohort G)
* Have measurable disease defined as at least 1 lesion that can be accurately measured in at least 2 dimensions with spiral Computed tomography (CT) scan
* Has a lymph node biopsy for biomarker analysis from an archival or newly obtained biopsy or bone marrow aspirate (Cohort D) at Screening
Part 2 (Cohort H): confirmed diagnosis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM); participants who are relapsed or refractory to standard therapies for WM including chemoimmunotherapy and a covalent irreversible BTKi
* Has active disease defined as 1 of the following: systemic symptoms, physical findings, laboratory abnormalities, coexisting disease
* Has measurable disease, satisfying any of the following: at least 1 lesion that can be accurately measured in at least 2 dimensions with spiral CT scan (minimum measurement must be \>15 mm in the longest diameter or \>10 mm in the short axis); IgM ≥450 mg/dL; or bone marrow infiltration of 10%
* Has fresh bone marrow aspirate or a lymph node biopsy for biomarker analysis at Screening or a lymph node biopsy from an archival
Exclusion Criteria:
* Has active HBV/HCV infection (Part 1 and Part 2)
* Has a history of malignancy ≤3 years before providing documented informed consent. Participants with basal cell carcinoma of skin, squamous cell carcinoma of skin, or carcinoma in situ (e.g., breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potential curative therapy are not excluded. Participants with low-risk, early-stage prostate cancer (T1-T2a, Gleason score ≤6, and prostate-specific antigen \<10 ng/mL) either treated with definitive intent or untreated in active surveillance with SD are not excluded
* Has active central nervous system (CNS) disease
* Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy
* Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy within 5 half-lives or 4 weeks (if prior therapy was a monoclonal antibody) before C1D1
* Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study intervention
* Has any clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities that might alter absorption
* History of severe bleeding disorders
The Pediatric Acute Leukemia (PedAL) Screening Trial - A Study to Test Bone Marrow and Blood in Children With Leukemia That Has Come Back After Treatment or Is Difficult to Treat - A Leukemia & Lymphoma Society and Children's Oncology Group Study
This study aims to use clinical and biological characteristics of acute leukemias to screen for patient eligibility for available pediatric leukemia sub-trials. Testing bone marrow and blood from patients with leukemia that has come back after treatment or is difficult to treat may provide information about the patient's leukemia that is important when deciding how to best treat it, and may help doctors find better ways to diagnose and treat leukemia in children, adolescents, and young adults.
* Patients must be less than 22 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Patient must have one of the following at the time of study enrollment:
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) AML as defined in protocol
* This includes isolated myeloid sarcoma
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome (ML-DS)
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed ALL as defined in protocol that meets one of the following criteria:
* Second or greater B-ALL medullary relapse, excluding KMT2Ar
* Any first or greater B-ALL medullary relapse involving KMT2Ar
* Any first or greater T-ALL medullary relapse with or without KMT2Ar
* Patient has known or suspected relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) as defined in protocol
* Patient has known or suspected de novo or relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) treatment-related AML (t-AML)
* Patient has known or suspected de novo or relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or treatment-related myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS)
* Note: Relapsed/refractory disease includes stable disease, progressive disease, and disease relapse.
* Patient has known or suspected de novo or relapsed/refractory (including primary refractory) juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
* Note: Relapsed/refractory disease includes stable disease, progressive disease, and disease relapse.
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Acute Myeloid Leukemia Post Cytotoxic Therapy, Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Mixed Phenotype Acute Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndrome, Myelodysplastic Syndrome Post Cytotoxic Therapy, Myeloid Leukemia Associated With Down Syndrome, Leukemia, Other, Myeloid and Monocytic Leukemia
A Study of a New Way to Treat Children and Young Adults With a Brain Tumor Called NGGCT
This phase II trial studies the best approach to combine chemotherapy and radiation therapy (RT) based on the patient's response to induction chemotherapy in patients with non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCT) that have not spread to other parts of the brain or body (localized). This study has 2 goals: 1) optimizing radiation for patients who respond well to induction chemotherapy to diminish spinal cord relapses, 2) utilizing higher dose chemotherapy followed by conventional RT in patients who did not respond to induction chemotherapy. Chemotherapy drugs, such as carboplatin, etoposide, ifosfamide, and thiotepa, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Radiation therapy uses high energy x-rays or high-energy protons to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. Studies have shown that patients with newly-diagnosed localized NGGCT, whose disease responds well to chemotherapy before receiving radiation therapy, are more likely to be free of the disease for a longer time than are patients for whom the chemotherapy does not efficiently eliminate or reduce the size of the tumor. The purpose of this study is to see how well the tumors respond to induction chemotherapy to decide what treatment to give next. Some patients will be given RT to the spine and a portion of the brain. Others will be given high dose chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant before RT to the whole brain and spine. Giving treatment based on the response to induction chemotherapy may lower the side effects of radiation in some patients and adjust the therapy to a more efficient one for other patients with localized NGGCT.
* Patients must be \>= 3 years and \< 30 years at the time of study enrollment
* Patients must be newly diagnosed with localized primary CNS NGGCT of the suprasellar and/or pineal region by pathology and/or serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) elevation of AFP above institutional normal or \> 10 ng/mL or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) beta \> 100 mIU/mL as confirmed by Rapid Central Marker Screening Review on APEC14B1-CNS. Suprasellar, pineal and bifocal tumors are included. (CSF tumor markers and cytology must be within 31 days prior to enrollment and start of protocol therapy \[repeat if necessary\]. Serum tumor markers, AFP and hCGbeta must be within 7 days prior to enrollment and start of protocol therapy \[repeat if necessary\]). Basal ganglia or other primary sites are excluded
* Patients with any of the following pathological elements are eligible: endodermal sinus (yolk sac), embryonal carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, malignant/immature teratoma and mixed germ cell tumor (GCT) (i.e., may include some pure germinoma) if malignant elements listed above are present. Patients with only mature teratoma are excluded. Patients with pure germinoma admixed with mature teratoma are excluded (would be eligible for pure germinoma protocols)
* Patients must have a cranial MRI with and without gadolinium at diagnosis/prior to enrollment. If surgical resection is performed, patients must have pre-operative and post operative brain MRI with and without gadolinium. The post operative brain MRI should be obtained within 72 hours of surgery. If patient has a biopsy only, post-operative brain MRI is recommended but not required (within 31 days prior to study enrollment and start of protocol therapy )
* Patients must have a spine MRI with gadolinium obtained at diagnosis/prior to enrollment. Spine MRI with and without gadolinium is recommended (within 31 days prior to study enrollment and start of protocol therapy)
* Lumbar CSF must be obtained prior to study enrollment unless medically contraindicated. If a patient undergoes surgery and lumbar CSF cytology cannot be obtained at the time of surgery, then it should be performed at least 10 days following surgery and prior to study enrollment. False positive cytology can occur within 10 days of surgery
* Patients must have RAPID CENTRAL TUMOR MARKER REVIEW CSF tumor markers obtained prior to enrollment unless medically contraindicated. Ventricular CSF obtained at the time of CSF diversion procedure (if performed) is acceptable for tumor markers but lumbar CSF is preferred. In case CSF diversion and biopsy/surgery are combined, CSF tumor markers should be collected first
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions) (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (within 7 days prior to enrollment):
* Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
* 3 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: male (1.7), 1.4 (female)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L (within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Note: For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT (ALT) has been set to the value of 45 U/L
* Central nervous system function defined as:
* Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on anticonvulsants and well controlled
* Patients must not be in status epilepticus, coma or assisted ventilation prior to study enrollment
* Protocol therapy must begin within 31 calendar days of definitive surgery or clinical diagnosis, whichever is later. If a biopsy only was performed, the biopsy date will be considered the date of definitive surgery. For patients who have a biopsy or incomplete resection at diagnosis followed by additional surgery, the date of the last resection will be considered the date of definitive surgery.
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
* NEUROCOGNITIVE FUNCTION AND QUALITY OF LIFE ASSESSMENT:
* English-, Spanish-, or French- speaking
* Note: Patients who speak a language other than English, Spanish, or French will be allowed to participate in ACNS2021 but will not complete the neurocognitive and quality of life assessments
* No known history of neurodevelopmental disorder prior to diagnosis of NGGCT (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X, William syndrome, intellectual disability). Patients with NF1 will be allowed to participate
* Additional eligibility criteria for the COG Standardized Neuropsychological Battery only: must be at a site that has a psychologist to administer the battery
* Note: If not eligible for the COG Standardized Battery, patients should still complete the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF-2), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Third Edition (ABAS-3), and Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition (BASC-3) questionnaires
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with tumors located outside the ventricles (i.e., basal ganglia, thalamus)
* Patients with only mature teratoma and non-elevated markers upon tumor sampling at diagnosis
* Patients who have received any prior tumor-directed therapy for their diagnosis of NGGCT other than surgical intervention and corticosteroids
* Patients with metastatic disease (i.e., MRI evaluation, lumbar CSF cytology or intraoperative evidence of dissemination)
* Female patients who are pregnant, since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs
* Note: Serum and urine pregnancy tests may be falsely positive due to HCGbeta-secreting germ cell tumors. Ensure the patient is not pregnant by institutional standards
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
Testing the Addition of MEDI4736 (Durvalumab) to Chemotherapy Before Surgery for Patients With High-Grade Upper Urinary Tract Cancer
This phase II/III trial compares the effect of adding durvalumab to chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone before surgery in treating patients with upper urinary tract cancer. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as durvalumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Chemotherapy drugs, such as methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin, and gemcitabine work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Durvalumab in combination with chemotherapy before surgery may enhance the shrinking of the tumor compared to chemotherapy alone.
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION AND RANDOMIZATION
* Patients must be \>= 18 years of age
* Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a legally authorized representative (LAR) or caregiver and/or family member available will also be considered eligible
* Patient must have a diagnosis of high grade upper tract urothelial carcinoma expected within 14 weeks (98 days) prior to registration/randomization with one of the following:
* Biopsy (gold standard, preferred) and either upper urinary tract mass on cross-sectional imaging or tumor directly visualized during upper urinary tract endoscopy
* High grade cytology and clinically estimated invasive upper urinary tract mass on cross-sectional imaging (e.g., including presence of tumor-related hydronephrosis) or tumor directly visualized during upper urinary tract endoscopy
* NOTE: Universal histologic testing of UTUC with additional studies, such as immunohistochemistry and/or microsatellite instability, is strongly recommended to identify patients with high probability of Lynch-related or other germline mutation related cancers whom clinicians should refer for genetic counseling and germline testing (this is not required for eligibility)
* Due to the anatomy of upper urinary tract and lack of muscularis propria, pathologic evidence of cT2 on biopsy is usually not possible
* Patients must not have any component of small cell/neuroendocrine carcinoma. Other histologic subtypes (variants) are permitted provided the half or predominant (\>= 50%) subtype is conventional urothelial carcinoma
* Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to registration/randomization)
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to registration/randomization)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.2 mg/dL (or ≤ 2 mg/dL for patients with Gilbert's disease)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\]) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2 x institutional ULN (obtained =\< 14 days prior to registration/randomization)
* Hemoglobin (Hgb) \>= 9 g/dL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to registration/randomization)
* NOTE: Packed red blood transfusion is allowed to achieve this parameter as per treating investigator
* Patients must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the potential harm to an unborn fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment regimens being used. All patients of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 14 days prior to registration to rule out pregnancy. A patient of childbearing potential is defined as any patient, regardless of whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
* Patients of childbearing potential and sexually active patients must not expect to conceive or father children, either by using accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse from the time of registration, while on study treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of protocol treatment
* Patients must have no evidence of metastatic disease or clinically enlarged regional lymph nodes (\>= 1.5 cm short axis) on imaging required within 28 days prior to registration (Non-regional findings \>=1.5 cm short axis that in the opinion of the investigator are not concerning for involvement based on radiographic characteristics, chronicity, avidity on positron emission tomography (PET) scan or other imaging or other criteria can be eligible based on investigator discretion).
* NOTE: Patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase, calcium or suspicious bone pain/tenderness can also undergo baseline bone scan to evaluate for bone metastasis at the discretion of local provider.
* Patient must meet below criteria for prior/current malignancy history:
* Non-urothelial cancer malignancy history:
* Patient must not have another active (or within two years) second malignancy other than resected non-melanoma skin cancers, resected in situ breast, cervical or other in situ carcinoma, and either clinically insignificant per the investigator (e.g. =\< Gleason 3+4) on active surveillance (or watchful waiting) or previously treated prostate cancer with no rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) and no plan to treat
* NOTE: Patients with prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial.
* Urothelial cancer malignancy history:
* Patient may have a history of resectable urothelial cancer as long as patients meet one of the following:
* T0, Ta or Tis at any time
* T1-4a N0 and no evidence of disease (NED) for more than 2 years from the latest therapy \[e.g., radical surgery, transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT), radiation, chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant, or with radiation)\]. Prior systemic immune checkpoint inhibitor is not allowed.
* Patient with history of \>= pT4b, N+, and/or M1 UC is not eligible.
* NOTE: Patients in whom concomitant or prior bladder/urethra predominant (\>= 50%) urothelial carcinoma have been surgically resected and demonstrated to be only Ta or carcinoma in situ (CIS) (\< cT1 N0) are eligible regardless of time elapsed
* Patient must not have any uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection including tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, and tuberculosis testing in line with local practice), symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina pectoris, significant uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, clinically relevant liver cirrhosis, interstitial lung disease, or psychiatric illness/social situations in the three months prior to registration that would limit compliance with study requirements
* Patient must not have received prior radiation therapy to \>= 25% of the bone marrow for other diseases
* Patient must not have received prior systemic anthracycline therapy
* NOTE: Patients who have received prior intravesical therapy at any time for non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder are eligible
* Patient must not have either history of or active autoimmune disease requiring immunosuppressive therapy within 2 years prior to registration/randomization or any history of inflammatory bowel disease (inflammatory bowel disease \[IBD\], e.g. ulcerative colitis, or Crohn's disease), neuromuscular autoimmune condition, immune-related pneumonitis or interstitial lung disease. Patients with well-controlled hyper/hypothyroidism, celiac controlled by diet alone, diabetes mellitus type I, vitiligo, alopecia, psoriasis, eczema, lichen planus, or similar skin/mucosa condition are eligible
* Patient must not be on or have used immunosuppressive medication within 14 days prior to the first dose of durvalumab. The following are exceptions to this criterion and are allowed:
* Intranasal, inhaled, intra-auricular, topical steroids, or local steroid injections (e.g. intra-articular injection
* Systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses not to exceed 10 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent at the time of enrollment
* Steroids as pre-medications for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g. computed tomography \[CT\] pre-medication)
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months prior to registration/randomization are eligible for this trial
* NOTE: These patients must be stable on their anti-retroviral regimen with evidence of at least two undetectable viral loads within the past 6 months on the same regimen; the most recent undetectable viral load must be within the past 12 weeks. They must have a CD4 count of greater than 250 cells/mcL over the past 6 months on this same anti-retroviral regimen and must not have had a CD4 count \< 200 cells/mcL over the past 2 years, unless it was deemed related to the cancer and/or chemotherapy induced bone marrow suppression. They must not be currently receiving prophylactic therapy for an opportunistic infection and must not have had an opportunistic infection within the past 6 months
* NOTE: For patients who have received chemotherapy in the past 6 months, a CD4 count \< 250 cells/mcL during chemotherapy is permitted as long as viral loads were undetectable during this same chemotherapy. They must have an undetectable viral load and a CD4 count \>= 250 cells/mcL within 7 days of registration/randomization
* For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
* NOTE: Testing for HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C is not required unless clinically indicated
* Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and have undetectable viral load. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
* Patient must not have received live attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of durvalumab, while on protocol treatment and within 30 days after the last dose of durvalumab
* Patient must not have had a major surgical procedure within 28 days prior to registration/randomization
* NOTE: Cystoscopy/ureteroscopy/TURBT, stent placement or nephrostomy tube is not considered major surgery
* Patient must not have history of allogenic organ transplantation
* Patient must have a body weight of \> 30 kg
* Patient must have life expectancy of \>= 12 weeks
* Patient must have creatinine clearance \> 15 ml/min as estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \> 15 ml/min/1.73m\^2 within 28 days prior to registration/randomization
* NOTE: Patients will be assigned to cisplatin-ineligible and cisplatin-eligible cohorts based on their creatinine clearance, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and grade (if any) of peripheral neuropathy and/or hearing loss in keeping with recommended cisplatin contraindications. Patients who are cisplatin-eligible will be randomized to either Arm A or Arm B and patients who are cisplatin-ineligible will be registered to Arm C
* Patients that meet any of the following four criteria will be registered to the cisplatin-ineligible Arm C if they meet other eligibility criteria:
* Creatinine clearance \> 15 ml/min and =\< 50 ml/min (estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) or GFR \> 15ml/min/1.73m\^2 and ≤ 50 ml/min/1.73 m\^2
* Hearing loss \>= 3
* Neuropathy \>= 2
* ECOG performance status 2
* In addition, the patient must have an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,000/mcL obtained =\< 14 days prior to registration
* Patients that meet all of the following four criteria will be randomized to the cisplatin-eligible Arm A or Arm B:
* Creatinine clearance \> 50ml/min (estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) or GFR \> 50ml/min/1.73m\^2
* ECOG performance status 0-1
* Hearing loss grade 0-2
* Neuropathy 0-1
* In addition, the patient must have an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500/mcL obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization
* Also, the patient must have left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \>= 50% by (either multigated acquisition scan \[MUGA\] or 2-D echocardiogram) obtained within obtained within 28 days prior to randomization
Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (DS-8201a) for the Treatment of Recurrent or Refractory Osteosarcoma, Wilms Tumor, and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
This phase I/II trial studies the effects of trastuzumab deruxtecan (DS-8201a) in treating patients with osteosarcoma, Wilms tumor (WT) or desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) that is newly diagnosed or has come back after a period of improvement (recurrent) or that has not responded to previous treatment (refractory). Trastuzumab deruxtecan is in a class of medications called antibody-drug conjugates. It is composed of a monoclonal antibody, called trastuzumab, linked to a chemotherapy drug, called deruxtecan. Trastuzumab attaches to HER2 positive tumor cells in a targeted way and delivers deruxtecan to kill them.
* Phase 1 (Part A): Patients must be at least 2 years and less than 12 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Phase 2: Wilms tumor patients (Part B1): All Wilms tumor patients enrolled must be less than 18 years of age at enrollment
* Until the completion of the Phase 1 dose confirmation, patients must be at least 12 years of age and less than 18 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Following dose confirmation of DS-8201a in children at least 2 to less than 12 years old in the Phase 1 component, Wilms tumor patients at least 2 to less than 18 years of age will be allowed on the Phase 2 component
* Phase 2: DSRCT patients (Part B2): Until the completion of the Phase 1 component, patients enrolling on the Phase 2 component of the study must be from at least 12 to 39 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Following dose confirmation of DS-8201a in children at least 2 to less than 12 years old in the Phase 1 component, DSRCT patients at least 2 to 39 years of age will be allowed on the Phase 2 component
* Patients must have had histologic verification of Wilms tumor or desmoplastic small round cell tumor at original diagnosis or relapse
* Solid tumors: Patients must have measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Patients with clinically inactive brain metastases may be included in the study. Patients with treated brain metastases that are no longer symptomatic and who require no treatment with corticosteroids or anticonvulsants may be included in the study if they have recovered from the acute toxic effect of radiotherapy. Lastly, patient must have unresectable lesions or lesions with no intention to surgically remove the lesions in the 6 months following enrollment
* Wilms tumor: WT patients must have either refractory disease or a very high risk relapse, defined as ANY of the following:
* Relapse after initial treatment with 4 or more chemotherapy agents (e.g. Regimens vincristine, dactinomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide and radiation \[M\], vincristine, dactinomycin and doxorubicin, vincristine, and irinotecan \[MVI\], doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide and radiation \[UH-1\], doxorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide, vincristine, and irinotecan \[UH-2\], vincristine, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide and doxorubicin \[UH-3\], and etoposide, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin \[HR-1\])
* Relapse with high risk histology (anaplasia, blastemal predominant)
* Multiple relapses
* Desmoplastic small round cell tumor: DSRCT patients with relapsed or refractory disease are eligible
* Patient's current disease state must be one for which they have received at least standard initial therapy, defined as systemic therapy combined with either radiation or surgery for local control of the primary tumor at diagnosis. Prior therapy after relapse is not required
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0 or 1. Use Karnofsky for patients older than 16 years of age and Lansky for patients 16 years of age and younger
* Patients must have recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment. If after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g., blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
* Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: For agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned Research Coordinator prior to enrollment
* \>= 21 days after the last dose of myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
* Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g., not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count \[ANC\] counts): \>= 7 days after the last dose of agent
* Antibodies: \>= 4 weeks (28 days) must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =\< 1
* Corticosteroids
* Hematopoietic growth factors: \>= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
* Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): \>= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
* Stem cell Infusions (with or without total body irradiation \[TBI\]):
* Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: \>= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
* Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: \>= 30 days
* Cellular therapy: \>= 30 days after the completion the infusion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g., modified T cells, natural killer \[NK\] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
* Radiation therapy (XRT)/external beam irradiation including protons: \>= 4 weeks (28 days) including palliative radiation therapy to the chest. \>= 14 days after palliative local XRT to areas other than the chest or for whole brain radiotherapy
* Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, samarium): \>= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
* Patients must not have received prior HER2 therapies including antibody drug conjugates (e.g. TDM-1 or DS-8201a), HER2 directed cellular therapies, HER2 receptor therapy (e.g. trastuzumab, pertuzumab, margetuximab, zanidatamab, zenocutuzumab) or small molecule antagonists of HER2 (e.g lapatinib, tucatinib, or neratinib). Prior exposure to antibody drug conjugates which do not target HER2 as well as prior treatment with topoisomerase 1 inhibitors (e.g. irinotecan, topotecan) are permitted
* Patients must be at least 14 days from the date of last surgery
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1000/uL, (for patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement)
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment) (for patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL at baseline (Red Blood Cell transfusion is not allowed within 1 week prior to enrollment) (for patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement)
* For patients less than or equal to 17 years old, "Bedside" Schwartz formula (2009)
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (eGFR) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (\> 70mL/min/1.73 m\^2 for patients \> 17 years old)
* For patients older than 17 years of age the Cockroft-Gault equation should be utilized to calculate creatinine clearance ≥ 70 ml/min:
* OR for any age group:
* A 24 hour urine creatinine clearance ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (\> 70mL/min for patients ≥ 17 years old) OR
* A directly measured GFR ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2. GFR must be performed using direct measurement with a nuclear blood sampling method OR direct small molecule clearance method (iothalamate or other molecule per institutional standard)
* Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated or total) =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age. For patients with documented Gilbert's syndrome (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) bilirubin must be \< 3 x ULN for age (patients with solid tumors)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =\< 3 x ULN
* Serum albumin \>= 2.5 g/dL (patients with solid tumors)
* International normalized ratio (INR)/prothrombin time (PT) =\< 1.5 x ULN. Exception for patients receiving coumarin-derivative anticoagulants or other similar anticoagulant therapy, who must have INR/PT within the therapeutic range as deemed appropriate by the investigator
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of \>= 50% by either an echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan within 28 days before Step 1 enrollment
* Corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation to \< 480 ms based on average triplicate 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
* Pulse oximetry \> 93% on room air
* Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on anticonvulsants and well controlled as evidenced by no increase in seizure frequency in the prior 7 days
* Nervous system disorders (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] version \[v\]5) resulting from prior chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation must be =\< grade 2, with the exception of decreased tendon reflex (DTR). Any grade of DTR is eligible
* HIV-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months of enrollment are eligible
* All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines
Exclusion Criteria:
* Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study. Pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal. Males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two effective methods of birth control, including a medically accepted barrier or contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) for the duration of the study and upon completion of the study and for at least 7 months for females and 4 months for males after the last dose of study drug. Abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control
* Methods considered as highly effective methods of contraception include:
* Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:
* Oral
* Intravaginal
* Transdermal
* Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:
* Oral
* Injectable
* Implantable
* Intrauterine device (IUD)
* Intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS)
* Bilateral tubal occlusion
* Vasectomized partner
* Complete sexual abstinence defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse. Periodic abstinence (calendar, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) is not an acceptable method of contraception
* Non-child-bearing potential defined as pre-menopausal females with a documented tubal ligation or hysterectomy; or postmenopausal defined as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea (in questionable cases, a blood sample with simultaneous follicle-stimulating hormone \[FSH\] \> 40 mIU/mL and estradiol \< 40 pg/mL \[\< 147 pmol/L\] is confirmatory). Females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the contraception methods outlined for women of child-bearing potential if they wish to continue their HRT during the study. Otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of post-menopausal status prior to study enrollment. For most forms of HRT, at least 2-4 weeks will elapse between the cessation of therapy and the blood draw; this interval depends on the type and dosage of HRT. Following confirmation of their post-menopausal status, they can resume use of HRT during the study without use of a contraceptive method
* Male patients must not freeze or donate sperm starting at enrollment and throughout the study period, and at least 4 months after the final study drug administration. Preservation of sperm should be considered prior to enrolment in this study
* Female patients must not donate, or retrieve for their own use, ova from the time of enrollment and throughout the study treatment period, and for at least 7 months after the final study drug administration
* Patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible. If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, \>= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
* Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
* Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible
* Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial
* Patients who are receiving chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine within 14 days are not eligible for this trial
* Patients who received a live, attenuated vaccine (messenger ribonucleic acid \[mRNA\] and replication deficient adenoviral vaccines are not considered attenuated live vaccines) within 30 days prior to enrollment are not eligible for this trial
* Note: Participants, if enrolled, should not receive live vaccines during the study and up to 90 days after the last dose of study intervention. It is recommended that patients receive a yearly influenza killed vaccination and additional killed vaccinations based on local or national recommendations. Consider vaccination against viral pathogens that cause pneumonias according to local or national guidelines
* Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
* Patients with a medical history of myocardial infarction within 180 days before enrollment, symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) (New York Heart Association Class II to IV) or troponin levels consistent with myocardial infarction as defined according to the manufacturer 28 days prior to enrollment are not eligible
* Additionally, patients with a history of any of the following congenital heart disease are not eligible:
* Single ventricle heart defects (hypoplastic left heart syndrome, unbalanced atrioventricular septal defects, double inlet left ventricle, tricuspid atresia, the presence of superior cavopulmonary anastomosis or Fontan palliation);
* Unpalliated defects with significant hemodynamic alterations or palliated lesions with residual hemodynamic alterations (ductal-dependent or shunt-dependent physiology, large unrestrictive ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, greater than moderate atrioventricular valve insufficiency, moderate or greater aortic valve stenosis, moderate or greater aortic valve insufficiency, large atrial septal defects with significant right ventricular volume overload, large patent ductus arteriosus)
* Patients who have a pleural effusion, ascites or pericardial effusion that requires drainage, peritoneal shunt, or cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) are not eligible. (Drainage and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy are not allowed within 2 weeks prior to enrollment)
* Patients who have spinal cord compression or clinically active central nervous system metastases, defined as untreated and symptomatic, or requiring therapy with corticosteroids or anticonvulsants to control associated symptoms are not eligible
* Patients with a known history of severe hypersensitivity to DS-8201a, any excipient contained in the DS-8201a drug formulation, or HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, margetuximab) are not eligible
* Patients who have an uncontrolled infection or non-healing surgical site are not eligible
* Patients with a known history of substance abuse or any other clinically significant medical conditions (i.e. psychological conditions) that may, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with the patient's participation in the clinical study or evaluation of the clinical study results are not eligible
* Patients who have pulmonary compromise, ex hypoxia, resulting from intercurrent pulmonary illnesses including, but not limited to, any underlying pulmonary disorder (i.e. pulmonary emboli within three months of the study enrollment, severe asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive lung disease, pleural effusion etc.), or prior pneumonectomy are not eligible
* Patients who have a history of (non-infectious) ILD (interstitial lung disease)/pneumonitis that required steroids, has current ILD/pneumonitis, or for whom suspected ILD/pneumonitis cannot be ruled out by imaging at screening are not eligible. Patients who have history of genetic disorders of the lung (i.e. cystic fibrosis are not eligible)
* Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
* Patients with known hepatitis B or C with detectable viral load are not eligible
* Patients with any autoimmune, connective tissue or inflammatory disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's, sarcoidosis etc.) where there is documented, or a suspicion of pulmonary involvement at the time of enrollment or genetic diseases involving the lung are not eligible
* Patients with an active primary immunodeficiency are not eligible
A Study to Compare Blinatumomab Alone to Blinatumomab With Nivolumab in Patients Diagnosed With First Relapse B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL)
This phase II trial studies the effect of nivolumab in combination with blinatumomab compared to blinatumomab alone in treating patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) that has come back (relapsed). Down syndrome patients with relapsed B-ALL are included in this study. Blinatumomab is an antibody, which is a protein that identifies and targets specific molecules in the body. Blinatumomab searches for and attaches itself to the cancer cell. Once attached, an immune response occurs which may kill the cancer cell. Nivolumab is a medicine that may boost a patient's immune system. Giving nivolumab in combination with blinatumomab may cause the cancer to stop growing for a period of time, and for some patients, it may lessen the symptoms, such as pain, that are caused by the cancer.
* Patients must be \>= 1 and \< 31 years at time of enrollment
* Patients must have first relapse of CD19+ B-ALL (relapse blasts must express CD19) in one of the following categories:
* Isolated bone marrow relapse
* Isolated central nervous system (CNS) (excluding known optic nerve/retinal and CNS chloromas) and/or testicular relapse
* Combined bone marrow with extramedullary relapse in the CNS (excluding known optic nerve/retinal and CNS chloromas) and/or testes
* Patients with Down syndrome (DS) are eligible in the following categories:
* Isolated bone marrow relapse
* Combined bone marrow with CNS (excluding known optic nerve/retinal and CNS chloromas) and/or testicular relapse
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Of note, for patients with developmental delay (e.g., Down syndrome) regardless of age, Lansky scale may be substituted for Karnofsky scale. However, the requirement for ECOG 0-2 remains, regardless of known history of developmental delay
* Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
* Patients with prior blinatumomab or CD19+ chimeric antigen receptor therapy in the upfront setting will be eligible, provided relapsed lymphoblasts retain CD19 expression
* Patients must not have had a prior hematopoietic stem cell transplant
* A single intrathecal chemotherapy at the time of relapse will be allowed. If \< 7 days have elapsed between this intrathecal therapy (IT) and the start of protocol therapy, then the day 1 intrathecal chemotherapy (i.e. methotrexate, cytarabine, or triple intrathecal) may be omitted
* In the 28 days prior to enrollment, up to five days of post-relapse, pre-enrollment therapy (steroids and/or hydroxyurea only) is permissible
* Patients with Down syndrome who received pre-enrollment therapy and have a white blood count (WBC) \>= 30,000/ul at the time of enrollment still must receive protocol specified cytoreductive therapy with vincristine and dexamethasone, and no "washout" is required
* Patients with Down syndrome who received pre-enrollment therapy and have a WBC \< 30,000/ul at the time of enrollment must be given a 24 hour "washout" before starting immunotherapy
* Note: There is no waiting period or "washout" for patients who relapse while receiving upfront therapy
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows (within 7 calendar days prior to enrollment):
* Age: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
* 1 to \< 2 years: 0.6 (male), 0.6 (female)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
* The threshold creatinine values in this Table were derived from the Schwartz formula for estimating GFR utilizing child length and stature data published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC)
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of \>= 50% by echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or radionuclide angiogram
* No evidence of dyspnea at rest, no exercise intolerance, and a pulse oximetry \> 94% if there is clinical indication for determination
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with B-lymphoblastic lymphoma (B-LLy)
* Patients with Burkitt leukemia/lymphoma or mature B-cell leukemia
* Patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) B-ALL or ABL class Ph-like B-ALL (i.e. rearrangements involving ABL1, ABL2, CSF1R or PDGFRB and predicted to be sensitive to imatinib or dasatinib)
* Patients with mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL)
* Patients with known Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
* Patients with known MYC translocation associated with mature (Burkitt) B-cell ALL, regardless of blast immunophenotype
* Patients with active, uncontrolled infection defined as:
* Positive bacterial blood culture within 48 hours of study enrollment
* Receiving IV or PO antibiotics for an infection with continued signs or symptoms. Note: Patients may be receiving IV or oral antibiotics to complete a course of therapy for a prior documented infection if cultures have been negative for at least 48 hours and signs or symptoms of active infection have resolved. For patients with clostridium (C.) difficile diarrhea, at least 72 hours of antibacterial therapy must have elapsed and stools must have normalized to baseline.
* Fever above 38.2 degrees Celsius (C) within 48 hours of study enrollment with clinical signs of infection. Fever without clinical signs of infection that is attributed to tumor burden is allowed if blood cultures are negative for \> 48 hours
* A positive fungal culture within 30 days of study enrollment or active therapy for presumed invasive fungal infection
* Active viral or protozoal infection requiring IV treatment
* Patients known to have one of the following concomitant genetic syndromes: Bloom syndrome, ataxia-telangiectasia, Fanconi anemia, Kostmann syndrome, Shwachman syndrome or any other known bone marrow failure syndrome are not eligible.
* Patients with uncontrolled HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C infection. Of note, patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load for at least the last 6 months prior to enrollment are eligible. Similarly, hepatitis B and hepatitis C positive patients who have been treated and have no viral detectable burden are also eligible
* Patients with significant central nervous system pathology that would preclude treatment with blinatumomab, including history of severe neurologic disorder or autoimmune disease with CNS involvement
* Note: Patients with a history of seizures that are well controlled on stable doses of anti-epileptic drugs are eligible Patients with a history of cerebrovascular ischemia/hemorrhage with residual deficits are not eligible. Patients with a history of cerebrovascular ischemia/hemorrhage remain eligible provided all neurologic deficits have resolved
* Patients with an active known/suspected autoimmune disease are not eligible. However, patients with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll
* Patients with DS patients with known non-hematopoietic, non-CNS/testicular extramedullary disease (i.e., chloromatous disease) are not eligible
* Note: Group 3 and 4 patients with known non-hematopoietic, non-CNS/testicular extramedullary disease (i.e., chloromatous disease) are eligible if this is NOT the only site of relapsed disease
* Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained within 7 days prior to enrollment. Patients who are sexually active and of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they agree to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of this study. Men with female partners of childbearing potential should use effective contraception during the duration of their treatment. The effect of blinatumomab on fertility has not been evaluated. Blinatumomab is not recommended for pregnant women or women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) not using contraception. Females of reproductive potential must use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 48 hours after the last dose of blinatumomab. Studies in animal models have shown that nivolumab can adversely impair pregnancy. Thus, nivolumab is expected to cause fetal harm during pregnancy. WOCBP receiving nivolumab must continue contraception for a period of at least 5 months after the last dose of nivolumab. It is unknown whether nivolumab is present in breast milk, thus breastfeeding should be discontinued while a patient is receiving nivolumab
* Lactating females are not eligible unless they agree to not breastfeed their infants. It is unknown whether blinatumomab or its metabolites are excreted in human breast milk. Women are not permitted to breastfeed while receiving blinatumomab and for the last 48 hours after the last blinatumomab dose. Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in the breastfed infant, women are not permitted to breastfeed during treatment and for 5 months after the last nivolumab dose
Pemigatinib After Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia
This phase I trial identifies the best dose and clinical benefit of giving pemigatinib following standard induction chemotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Pemigatinib selectively inhibits FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) activity, a receptor that may contribute to the growth of leukemia cells. The genetic changes responsible for activating the growth of leukemia cells can be unique to each patient and can change during the course of the disease. Chemotherapy drugs, such as cytarabine and daunorubicin work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading.
* PRE-SCREENING INCLUSION CRITERIA: Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document
* PRE-SCREENING INCLUSION CRITERIA: Age \>= 18 years at time of informed consent. Both men and women of all races and ethnic groups will be included
* PRE-SCREENING INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants must consent to a bone marrow aspirate/biopsy that will be collected prior to start of planned 7+3 induction therapy. Patients with known favorable risk AML (2022 European Leukemia Net \[ELN\] Guidelines) or FLT3 mutations should not be pre-screened. If the risk category is unknown, then it is okay to pre-screen patients for study. Adverse or intermediate risk needs to be confirmed prior to treatment with pemigatinib (during screening period) as outlined below
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: For both the dose-determining and dose-expansion cohort, study population is limited to: Newly diagnosed, morphologically documented AML, based on the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 classification, with wild-type FLT3 and cytogenetics or mutations associated with intermediate or adverse prognostic risk per European Leukemia Net (ELN) guidelines. These include:
* t(9;11)(p21.3;q23.3); MLLT3-KMT2A
* Cytogenetic abnormalities not classified as favorable
* t(6;9)(p23;q34.1); DEK-NUP214
* t(v;11q23.3); KMT2A rearranged
* t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2); BCR-ABL1
* inv(3)(q21.3q26.2) or t(3;3)(q21.3;q26.2); GATA2,MECOM(EVI1)
* -5 or del(5q); -7; -17/abn(17p)
* Complex karyotype - defined as three or more unrelated chromosome abnormalities in the absence of 1 of the WHO-designated recurring translocations or inversions, that is, t(8;21), inv(16) or t(16;16), t(9;11), t(v;11)(v;q23.3), t(6;9), inv(3) or t(3;3); AML with BCR-ABL1
* Monosomal karyotype - defined by the presence of 1 single monosomy (excluding loss of X or Y) in association with at least 1 additional monosomy or structural chromosome abnormality (excluding core-binding factor AML)
* Mutated RUNX1 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated BCOR (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated EZH2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated ASXL1 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated SF3B1 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated SRSF2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated STAG2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated U2AF1, (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated ZRSR2 (without favorable risk cytogenetics/mutations)
* Mutated TP53 (mono- or biallelic) at a variant allele fraction of at least 10%
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum creatinine clearance \>= 30 mL/min (as calculated by Cockcroft-Gault formula) (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum phosphate within institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) or can be corrected with supplementation/ phosphate binders to be within institutional ULN (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum electrolytes within institutional ULN: potassium, calcium (total, or corrected for serum albumin in case of hypoalbuminemia) and magnesium. If outside of normal limits, participant will be eligible when electrolytes are corrected (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Total serum bilirubin =\< 3 x ULN (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) =\< 3 x ULN (on or by day 8 of induction therapy, prior to starting pemigatinib)
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Participants must consent to standard of care bone marrow aspirate/biopsies during treatment. Bone marrow biopsies will be obtained prior to study, on day 21 (+/- 3 days, if considered institutional standard of care), after recovery from induction therapy, and at the end of consolidation and/or prior to allogeneic stem cell transplant
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Female participants of childbearing potential must agree to use effective contraception (2 forms of contraception or abstinence) from the screening visit until 6 months following the last dose of study treatment. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately
* TREATMENT INCLUSION CRITERIA: Male patients of childbearing potential having intercourse with females of childbearing potential must agree to abstain from heterosexual intercourse or have their partner use 2 forms of contraception from the screening visit until 3 months following the last dose of study treatment. The male participant must also refrain from sperm donation from the screening visit until 3 months following the last dose of study treatment
Exclusion Criteria:
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Diagnosis of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL, or AML M3 subtype) per WHO classification
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: AML with FLT3 mutations that qualify for standard of care treatment with 7+3 and midostaurin (e.g. FLT3 ITD or TKD with allelic ratio \> 0.05)
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Favorable risk AML: inv(16), t(8;21), NPM1 mutations without FLT3-ITD, or in-frame mutations (mono- or biallelic) affecting the basic leucine zipper region of CEBPA
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Any cancer-directed therapy within 2 weeks prior to starting planned 7+3 induction regimen, with the exception of hydroxyurea, which is allowed to control white blood cell count, or empiric all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) for suspected APL
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Prior receipt of a selective FGFR inhibitor
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Known liver disease
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: History of calcium and phosphate hemostasis disorder or systemic mineral imbalance with ectopic calcification of soft tissues
* Except for commonly observed calcifications in soft tissues such as the skin, kidney tendon, or vessels due to injury, disease, or aging in the absence of systemic mineral imbalance)
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: History of hypovitaminosis D being actively treated with supraphysiologic doses (e.g., 50,000 IU/weekly) to replenish the deficiency. Supraphysiologic doses of vitamin D need to be discontinued prior to starting pemigatinib. Vitamin D supplements are allowed
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis C detectable by PCR, or chronic hepatitis B
* Individuals positive for hepatitis B core antibody who are receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) are eligible if HepB PCR is negative
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: History of cerebrovascular accident or intracranial hemorrhage within 2 months of enrollment
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Unwillingness to receive infusion of blood products
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Inability to take oral medication
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Gastrointestinal condition/disorders that may raise gastric and/or small intestinal pH that could interfere with absorption, metabolism, or excretion of pemigatinib
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Known history and/or current evidence of ectopic mineralization/calcification, including (but not limited to): soft tissue, kidneys, intestine, myocardia, or lung, excepting calcified lymph nodes and asymptomatic arterial or cartilage/tendon calcification
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Concurrent active malignancy with expected survival of \< 1 year
* PRE-SCREENING EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Active central nervous system involvement with AML
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Clinically significant coagulation abnormality (e.g., disseminated intravascular coagulation) that is present on or by day 8 of induction therapy prior to starting pemigatinib
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Clinically significant or uncontrolled cardiac disease, including unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction within 6 months from day 1 of planned induction therapy, New York Heart Association class III or IV congestive heart failure, and uncontrolled arrhythmia (participants with pacemaker or with atrial fibrillation and well controlled heart rate are allowed). History or presence of an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) that, in the investigator's opinion, is clinically meaningful.
* A screening QT interval by Fridericia's Correction Formula (QTcF) interval \> 480 ms will result in exclusion.
* For participants with an intraventricular conduction delay (QRS interval \> 120 ms), the JTc interval may be used in place of the QTc with approval from Sponsor-Investigator. The JTc must be =\< 340 ms if JTc is used in place of the QTc.
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) by echocardiogram \< 45% prior to initiating pemigatinib
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Active infection that is not well-controlled by antibacterial or antiviral therapy
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Current use of prohibited medications including use of any potent CYP3A4 inducers within 14 days or five half-lives (whichever is longer) before the first dose of study drug.
* Use of CYP3A4 inhibitors should be avoided but, if medically necessary, is permitted with a dose reduction of study drug
* Use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors are permitted.
* Based on the low overall bioavailability of topical ketoconazole, there are no restrictions on topical ketoconazole
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Current use of prohibited medication
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Hypersensitivity to pemigatinib, or its excipients, when administered alone
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Current evidence of corneal disorder/keratopathy, including (but not limited to): bullous/band keratopathy, corneal abrasion, inflammation/ulceration, keratoconjunctivitis, etc., as confirmed by ophthalmologic examination.
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Pregnancy or breastfeeding at the time of enrollment
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Any concurrent condition that, in the investigator's opinion, would jeopardize the safety of the participant or compliance with the protocol
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Active central nervous system involvement with AML
* TREATMENT EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients with FLT mutations
PROCEDURE: Biospecimen Collection, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Aspirate, PROCEDURE: Bone Marrow Biopsy, DRUG: Cytarabine, DRUG: Daunorubicin, PROCEDURE: Electrocardiography, DRUG: Pemigatinib
Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myeloid and Monocytic Leukemia
Comparing the Outcome of Immunotherapy-Based Drug Combination Therapy With or Without Surgery to Remove the Kidney in Metastatic Kidney Cancer, the PROBE Trial (PROBE)
This phase III trial compares the effect of adding surgery to a standard of care immunotherapy-based drug combination versus a standard of care immunotherapy-based drug combination alone in treating patients with kidney cancer that has spread to other places in the body (metastatic). Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and avelumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Axitinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth. Surgery to remove the kidney, called a nephrectomy, is also considered standard of care; however, doctors who treat kidney cancer do not agree on its benefits. It is not yet known if the addition of surgery to an immunotherapy-based drug combination works better than an immunotherapy-based drug combination alone in treating patients with kidney cancer.
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a histologically proven diagnosis of clear cell or non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Participants with collecting duct carcinoma histology are not eligible. Participants with multifocal or bilateral tumors are eligible
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have primary tumor in place
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have the following scans performed, showing clinical evidence of measurable or non-measurable metastatic disease:
* Computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest (can be performed without contrast if CT contrast cannot be given)
* CT of abdomen and pelvis with contrast OR magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast
Scans must be performed within the following timeframes:
* Treatment naive participants must have scans documenting metastatic disease completed within 90 days prior to study registration
* Previously treated participants must have scans documenting metastatic disease completed within 90 days prior to first dose of systemic treatment
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants with symptomatic metastases may have received palliative radiotherapy or receive palliative radiotherapy after registration
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must have no clear contraindications to nephrectomy
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must be offered the opportunity to participate in specimen bank. With participant consent, specimens must be collected and submitted via the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) Specimen Tracking System
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: As part of the Oncology Patient Enrollment Network (OPEN) registration process the treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been entered in the system
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have at least one of the following scans performed 12 weeks (+/- 2 weeks) after starting pre-randomization treatment
* CT scan of the chest (can be performed without contrast if CT contrast cannot be given)
* CT of abdomen and pelvis with contrast OR MRI of the abdomen and pelvis with or without contrast Scans must be performed within 28 days prior to randomization. Response should be assessed by comparing with a CT or MRI of the chest, abdomen and pelvis obtained prior to starting pre-randomization treatment. Participants with complete response in all metastatic sites are not eligible to randomize to Step 2
• STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have one of the following objective statuses after 12 weeks of pre-randomization treatment
* Stable disease
* Partial response
* The treating investigator believes the patient is deriving clinical benefit from systemic therapy AND have Zubrod performance status 0-1
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must plan to continue the immune-based therapy received during pre-randomization treatment
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must be randomized on or between the 11th and 14th week of protocol-directed pre-randomization treatment therapy
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have received at least one of the minimum amounts of immunotherapy:
* 2 infusions of nivolumab + 1 infusion of ipilimumab
* 2 infusions of pembrolizumab
* 2 infusions of avelumab
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a planned surgery date within 42 days of randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must be a surgical candidate as determined by study urologist. The urology consult should be done within 42 days prior to randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a complete physical examination and medical history within 28 days prior to randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must have a Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 28 days prior to randomization
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Total bilirubin =\< institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days prior to randomization)
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 3 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (within 28 days prior to randomization)
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Serum creatinine =\< 1.5 x the institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) OR measured OR calculated creatinine clearance \>= 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault Formula) (must have been drawn and processed within 28 days prior to randomization)
Exclusion Criteria:
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have known active brain metastases. Participants with previously treated brain metastases are eligible if participant has no neurologic signs or symptoms suggestive of brain metastasis. Brain imaging studies are not required. If brain imaging studies are performed, they must be negative for disease
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have received the following prior treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma:
* Treatment naive participants must not have received any prior lines of systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma beyond the line intended as part of protocol therapy
* Previously treated participants must not have received any systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma beyond the one regimen received off protocol as specified in Step 1 pre-randomization treatment
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have received more than the following amounts protocol-directed pre-randomization treatment:
* Treatment naive participants must not have received any pre-randomization treatment.
* Previously treated participants must not be planning to receive any additional treatment prior to Step 2 randomization, and must not have received more than the following amounts of pre-randomization treatment:
* 4 infusions of nivolumab
* 4 infusions of ipilimumab
* 4 infusions of pembrolizumab
* 7 infusions of avelumab
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have received immunotherapy for any cancer within the following timeframes:
* Treatment naive participants must not have received any immunotherapy within a year of registration
* Previously treated participants must not have received any other immunotherapy within a year of the start of off protocol specified pre-randomization treatment
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have a solitary kidney and not have a transplanted kidney
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, any in situ or T1 cancer, adequately treated stage I or II cancer from which the participant is currently in complete remission, or any other cancer from which the participant has been disease free for at least two years
* STEP 1 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have been previously diagnosed with a medical condition that makes them ineligible for immune based combination therapy or nephrectomy
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must not show progression in the primary tumor. Participants who are considered to have pseudo progression are allowed
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: Participants must not have known active brain metastases. Participants with previously treated brain metastases are eligible if participant has no neurologic signs or symptoms suggestive of brain metastasis. Brain imaging studies are not required. If brain imaging studies are performed, they must be negative for disease
* STEP 2 REGISTRATION: No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, adequately treated stage I or II cancer from which the participant is currently in complete remission, or any other cancer from which the participant has been disease free for two years
PROCEDURE: Cytoreductive Nephrectomy, DRUG: Active Comparator
Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma, Stage IV Renal Cell Cancer AJCC v8, Kidney
Treating Prostate Cancer That Has Come Back After Surgery With Apalutamide and Targeted Radiation Based on PET Imaging
This phase III trial tests two questions by two separate comparisons of therapies. The first question is whether enhanced therapy (apalutamide in combination with abiraterone + prednisone) added to standard of care (prostate radiation therapy and short term androgen deprivation) is more effective compared to standard of care alone in patients with prostate cancer who experience biochemical recurrence (a rise in the blood level of prostate specific antigen \[PSA\] after surgical removal of the prostate cancer).
A second question tests treatment in patients with biochemical recurrence who show prostate cancer spreading outside the pelvis (metastasis) by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. In these patients, the benefit of adding metastasis-directed radiation to enhanced therapy (apalutamide in combination with abiraterone + prednisone) is tested.
Diagnostic procedures, such as PET, may help doctors look for cancer that has spread to the pelvis. Androgens are hormones that may cause the growth of prostate cancer cells. Apalutamide may help fight prostate cancer by blocking the use of androgens by the tumor cells. Metastasis-directed targeted radiation therapy uses high energy rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors that have spread. This trial may help doctors determine if using PET results to deliver more tailored treatment (i.e., adding apalutamide, with or without targeted radiation therapy, to standard of care treatment) works better than standard of care treatment alone in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.
* STEP 0: REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
* Patient must be male and \>= 18 years of age.
* Patient must have had a radical prostatectomy (RP) as definitive therapy for histopathologically-proven prostatic adenocarcinoma
* Patient must have biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP, defined as follows:
* If time to BCR, defined as time to first detectable PSA ( \> lower limit of normal for assay used) after RP, is \< 12 months, a minimum PSA level of \>= 0.2 ng/mL and a confirmatory reading of \>= 0.2 ng/mL is required, per the American Urological Association (AUA) definition (Note: patients with a persistent PSA reading of at least 0.2 ng/mL are eligible)
* If time to BCR, defined as time to first detectable PSA (\> lower limit of normal for assay used) after RP, is \>= 12 months, a minimum absolute PSA of 0.5 ng/mL is required
* If the patient has a detectable PSA (\> lower limit of normal for assay used) at any time after RP AND has an eligible baseline SOC PET (PET1) with at least one positive lesion in any location, then there is no minimum PSA requirement
* Patients must have no definite evidence for extrapelvic metastatic disease by conventional imaging modalities (CIM) (CT abdomen/pelvis or MRI abdomen/pelvis AND bone scintigraphy, or equivalent), within 26 weeks prior to Step 0 registration. If a patient only has a study-eligible PET/CT or PET/MR (i.e., PET done without prior CIM): if the PET is negative for extrapelvic lesions, then baseline CIM is NOT required. If the PET positive for extrapelvic lesions, then patient should have a baseline CT/MRI for soft tissue lesions and/or a bone scan for osseous lesions
* Study eligible = PET using FDA-approved radiotracer and performed within 16 weeks prior to study registration
* Extra-pelvic metastases is defined as any osseous metastases and/or any extrapelvic soft tissue, lymph nodes and organ metastases; extra-pelvic is defined as superior to common iliac bifurcation, outside of standard prostate bed + whole pelvis nodal RT fields. Baseline PET/CT or PET/MR scan (PET1) is eligible for this study if the SOC PET scan is completed with an FDA approved radiotracer for prostate cancer after Step 0 registration and prior to Step 1 randomization OR up to 16 weeks prior to Step 0 registration
* Patient must be a candidate for SOC post-prostatectomy radiation therapy (RT) to the prostate bed and pelvic nodes with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)
* Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document. Patients with impaired decision-making capacity (IDMC) who have a legally authorized representative (LAR) or caregiver and/or family member available will also be considered eligible
* Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-2
* Patient must not have started ADT for biochemical recurrence prior to baseline PET (PET1) imaging. A short course of low-dose anti-androgen such as bicalutamide, given after baseline study PET/CT but prior to study registration, is permitted as a brief temporizing measure in advance of starting protocol-approved SOC ADT.
* Patient must not be enrolled in another therapeutic clinical trial
* Patient must be able to lie flat and still for approximately 20-30 minutes or otherwise tolerate a PET scan and radiation treatment planning and delivery
* Patients undergoing a PET/MR must meet local institutional safety guidelines for MRI
* Patient must not have history of seizures or known condition that may cause predisposal to seizures (e.g., stroke or head trauma resulting in loss of consciousness) within 1 year prior to registration
* Patient must not have history of inflammatory bowel disease or any gastrointestinal disorder affecting absorption that is expected to increase risk of complication from radiotherapy
* Hemoglobin (Hgb) \>= 9.0 g/dL (independent of transfusion and/or growth factors within 3 months prior to Step 0 registration) (obtained within 8 weeks prior to Step 0 registration)
* Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL (obtained within 8 weeks prior to Step 0 registration)
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL (obtained within 8 weeks prior to Step 0 registration)
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL (obtained within 8 weeks prior to Step 0 registration)
* Total bilirubin \< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (patients with Gilbert's syndrome, if total bilirubin is \> 1.5 x ULN, must have a direct bilirubin of \< 1.5 x ULN to be eligible) (obtained within 8 weeks prior to Step 0 registration)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2.5 x institutional ULN (obtained within 8 weeks prior to Step 0 registration)
* Creatine \< 1.5 x instituional ULN (or measured creatinine clearance \> 30 mL/min)
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class I or II (by patient symptoms) or A or B (by objective assessment)
* Patient must not have completed a course of prior pelvic radiation therapy for any reason
* Patient must agree not to father children while on study
* Patient must be English or Spanish speaking to be eligible for the QOL component of the study
* NOTE: Sites cannot translate the associated QOL forms
* STEP 1: RANDOMIZATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
* Patient must have completed a baseline SOC PET/CT or PET/MR (PET1 scan) using FDA approved radiotracer with results of extra-pelvic metastases involvement known (positive or negative). The PET1 must have been completed after Step 0 registration and prior to Step 1 randomization OR up to 12 weeks prior to Step 0 registration
* For patients with negative extra-pelvic metastases, PET-imaging status of intra-pelvic nodes must be known (positive or negative)
* For patients with positive extra-pelvic metastases (defined as any PET positive lesions outside of standard salvage RT fields \[prostate bed +/- typical whole pelvis\]), the number of extra-pelvic lesions must be known (1 - 5 or \> 5 extra-pelvic lesions)
A Study of Combination Chemotherapy for Patients With Newly Diagnosed DAWT and Relapsed FHWT
This phase II trial studies how well combination chemotherapy works in treating patients with newly diagnosed stage II-IV diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumors (DAWT) or favorable histology Wilms tumors (FHWT) that have come back (relapsed). Drugs used in chemotherapy regimens such as UH-3 (vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, carboplatin, etoposide, and irinotecan) and ICE/Cyclo/Topo (ifosfamide, carboplatin, etoposide, cyclophosphamide, and topotecan) work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. This trial may help doctors find out what effects, good and/or bad, regimen UH-3 has on patients with newly diagnosed DAWT and standard risk relapsed FHWT (those treated with only 2 drugs for the initial WT) and regimen ICE/Cyclo/Topo has on patients with high and very high risk relapsed FHWT (those treated with 3 or more drugs for the initial WT).
* Patients with newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor must be enrolled on APEC14B1, consented to Part A - Eligibility Screening, and have received an initial stratum assignment showing DAWT (if anaplasia first identified at diagnostic, pre-treatment nephrectomy or biopsy) or a final stratum assignment showing DAWT (if anaplasia first noted at delayed nephrectomy) prior to enrollment on AREN1921. Prior enrollment on APEC14B1 is not an eligibility requirement for patients with relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor.
* Patients must be =\< 30 years old at study enrollment
* Patients with the following diagnoses are eligible for this study:
* Newly diagnosed stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor as confirmed by central review
* Favorable histology Wilms tumor at first relapse. Relapsed FHWT patients must have previously achieved remission for their initial FHWT diagnosis to be eligible for this study. The relapse risk groups are defined as follows, regardless of radiation therapy:
* Standard-Risk relapse: Patients who received two chemotherapy agents for frontline therapy; primarily actinomycin D and vincristine
* High-Risk relapse: Patients who received three chemotherapy agents for frontline therapy; primarily vincristine, actinomycin D and doxorubicin or vincristine, actinomycin D and irinotecan
* Very High-Risk relapse: Patients who received four or more chemotherapy agents as part of initial therapy; primarily regimen M or its variations
* Patients with newly diagnosed DAWT must have had histologic verification of the malignancy. For relapsed FHWT patients, biopsy to prove recurrence is encouraged, but not required
* Note: For relapsed FHWT patients, an institutional pathology report confirming favorable histology Wilms tumor (from relapse, if available, or from original diagnosis) must be available for upload prior to initiation of protocol therapy
* Patients with newly diagnosed Stages 2 - 4 diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor must be enrolled on AREN1921 within 2 weeks of the tumor-directed surgery or biopsy procedure that first confirms a diagnosis of DAWT, whether at initial diagnostic procedure or delayed nephrectomy (such surgery/biopsy is day 0). For patients who received prior therapy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor, later confirmed to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor at subsequent review of the initial biopsy
* Patients with newly diagnosed DAWT who undergo upfront nephrectomy must have at least 1 lymph node sampled prior to study enrollment
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must have a life expectancy of \>= 8 weeks
* Diffuse Anaplastic Wilms Tumor: Patients with diffuse anaplastic histology must have had no prior systemic therapy, except in the following situations:
* Patients with diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor who received no more than 12 weeks of pre nephrectomy chemotherapy for what was originally presumed to be favorable histology Wilms tumor, subsequently confirmed to be diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor at delayed nephrectomy
* Patients with diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor who received no more than 6 weeks of chemotherapy following upfront biopsy, initiated within 14 days of biopsy, for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor based on institutional review, but subsequently corrected to diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor based on the initial stratum assignment on APEC14B1-REN
* Treatment consisting of vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide initiated on an emergent basis and within allowed timing as described
* Note: Patients who received prior therapy for presumed favorable histology Wilms tumor, later identified to have diffuse anaplastic Wilms tumor as per above, must begin study treatment starting at cycle 3 (week 7) of regimen UH 3. Patients who received emergency radiation to preserve organ function are eligible as noted. Patients who received radiation as part of standard of care for presumed newly diagnosed favorable histology Wilms tumor, along with chemotherapy as noted above, prior to identification of diffuse anaplasia, are also eligible
* Relapsed Favorable Histology Wilms Tumor: Patients must not have received prior chemotherapy for their relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor diagnosis. In addition, patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
* Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: Must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study
* Radiation therapy (RT): \>= 2 weeks (wks) must have elapsed for local palliative RT (small port); \>= 6 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if \>= 50% radiation of pelvis; \>= 6 wks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation. Patients with relapsed favorable histology Wilms tumor who received emergency radiation to preserve organ function are eligible and do not need to washout with the above criteria
* Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents (within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment)
* Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 750/uL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelet count \>= 75,000/uL (transfusion independent) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell \[RBC\] transfusions) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Patients with high-risk or very high-risk relapsed FHWT who will be treated with regimen ICE/Cyclo/Topo, must have renal function assessed by creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and meet the following requirement:
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR \>= 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Patients diagnosed with stage 2-4 DAWT or standard risk relapsed FHWT, who will be treated with regimen UH 3, may either obtain a creatinine clearance, radioisotope GFR (meeting the above criteria of GFR \>= 60 mL/min/1.73 m\^2), or an adequate serum creatinine as per the following table:
* Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
* 1 month to \< 6 months: 0.4 (male and female)
* 6 months to \< 1 year: 0.5 (male and female)
* 1 to \< 2 years: 0.6 (male and female)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 (male and female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 (male and female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 (male and female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age or direct bilirubin =\< ULN for patients whose total bilirubin \> 1.5 x ULN (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) \< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age or =\< 5 x ULN for patients with liver metastases (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Shortening fraction of \>= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of \>= 50% by radionuclide angiogram (obtained within 21 days prior to enrollment and start of protocol therapy)
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients with a history of bilateral Wilms tumor (synchronous or metachronous)
* Patients with any uncontrolled, intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, or symptomatic congestive heart failure (defined as grade 2 or higher heart failure per Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events \[CTCAE\] version 5.0)
* Relapsed FHWT patients who did not receive frontline chemotherapy (e.g., very low risk FHWT initially observed without chemotherapy) or received only one chemotherapy agent for frontline therapy
* For patients with high-risk or very high-risk relapsed FHWT:
* Patients with renal tubular acidosis (RTA) as evidenced by serum bicarbonate \< 16 mmol/L and serum phosphate =\< 2 mg/dL (or \< 0.8 mmol/L) without supplementation
* For stages 2-4 DAWT and standard-risk relapsed FHWT patients:
* Chronic inflammatory bowel disease and/or bowel obstruction
* Concomitant use of St. John's wort, which cannot be stopped prior to the start of trial treatment
* Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
A Study to Compare Standard Chemotherapy to Therapy With CPX-351 and/or Gilteritinib for Patients With Newly Diagnosed AML With or Without FLT3 Mutations
This phase III trial compares standard chemotherapy to therapy with liposome-encapsulated daunorubicin-cytarabine (CPX-351) and/or gilteritinib for patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia with or without FLT3 mutations. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as daunorubicin, cytarabine, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin, work in different ways to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. CPX-351 is made up of daunorubicin and cytarabine and is made in a way that makes the drugs stay in the bone marrow longer and could be less likely to cause heart problems than traditional anthracycline drugs, a common class of chemotherapy drug. Some acute myeloid leukemia patients have an abnormality in the structure of a gene called FLT3. Genes are pieces of DNA (molecules that carry instructions for development, functioning, growth and reproduction) inside each cell that tell the cell what to do and when to grow and divide. FLT3 plays an important role in the normal making of blood cells. This gene can have permanent changes that cause it to function abnormally by making cancer cells grow. Gilteritinib may block the abnormal function of the FLT3 gene that makes cancer cells grow. The overall goals of this study are, 1) to compare the effects, good and/or bad, of CPX-351 with daunorubicin and cytarabine on people with newly diagnosed AML to find out which is better, 2) to study the effects, good and/or bad, of adding gilteritinib to AML therapy for patients with high amounts of FLT3/ITD or other FLT3 mutations and 3) to study changes in heart function during and after treatment for AML. Giving CPX-351 and/or gilteritinib with standard chemotherapy may work better in treating patients with acute myeloid leukemia compared to standard chemotherapy alone.
* All patients must be enrolled on APEC14B1 and consented to Eligibility Screening (Part A) prior to enrollment and treatment on AAML1831
* Patients must be less than 22 years of age at the time of study enrollment
* Patient must be newly diagnosed with de novo AML according to the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification with or without extramedullary disease
* Patient must have 1 of the following:
* \>= 20% bone marrow blasts (obtained within 14 days prior to enrollment)
* In cases where extensive fibrosis may result in a dry tap, blast count can be obtained from touch imprints or estimated from an adequate bone marrow core biopsy
* \< 20% bone marrow blasts with one or more of the genetic abnormalities associated with childhood/young adult AML as provided in the protocol (sample obtained within 14 days prior to enrollment)
* A complete blood count (CBC) documenting the presence of at least 1,000/uL (i.e., a white blood cell \[WBC\] count \>= 10,000/uL with \>= 10% blasts or a WBC count of \>= 5,000/uL with \>= 20% blasts) circulating leukemic cells (blasts) if a bone marrow aspirate or biopsy cannot be performed (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* ARM C: Patient must be \>= 2 years of age at the time of Late Callback
* ARM C: Patient must have FLT3/ITD allelic ratio \> 0.1 as reported by Molecular Oncology
* ARM C: Patient does not have any congenital long QT syndrome or congenital heart block
* ARM C: Females of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM C: Lactating women must agree not to breastfeed during treatment with gilteritinib and for 2 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM C: Males of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM D: Patient must be \>= 2 years of age at the time of Late Callback
* ARM D: Patient must have one of the clinically relevant non-ITD FLT3 activating mutations as reported by Foundation Medicine
* ARM D: Females of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 6 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM D: Lactating women must agree not to breastfeed during treatment with gilteritinib and for 2 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* ARM D: Males of reproductive potential must agree to use effective contraception during treatment and for at least 4 months after the last dose of gilteritinib
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: Patient must be enrolled on Arm A or Arm B. Patients who transfer to Arm C or Arm D are not eligible
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: Patient must be 5 years or older at the time of enrollment
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: English-, French- or Spanish-speaking
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: No known history of neurodevelopmental disorder prior to diagnosis of AML (e.g., Down syndrome, fragile X, William syndrome, mental retardation)
* NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING: No significant visual or motor impairment that would prevent computer use or recognition of visual test stimuli
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
Exclusion Criteria:
* Fanconi anemia
* Shwachman Diamond syndrome
* Patients with constitutional trisomy 21 or with constitutional mosaicism of trisomy 21
* Telomere disorders
* Germline predispositions known, or suspected by the treating physician to increase risk of toxicity with AML therapy
* Any concurrent malignancy
* Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML)
* Philadelphia chromosome positive AML
* Mixed phenotype acute leukemia
* Acute promyelocytic leukemia
* Acute myeloid leukemia arising from myelodysplasia
* Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms
* Patients with persistent cardiac dysfunction prior to enrollment, defined as ejection fraction (EF) \< 50% (preferred method Biplane Simpson's EF) or if EF unavailable, shortening fraction (SF) \< 24%. \*Note: if clinically safe and feasible, repeat echocardiogram is strongly advised in order to confirm cardiac dysfunction following clinical stabilization, particularly if occurring in the setting of sepsis or other transient physiologic stressor. If the repeat echocardiogram demonstrates an EF \>= 50%, the patient is eligible to enroll and may receive an anthracycline-containing Induction regimen
* Administration of prior anti-cancer therapy except as outlined below:
* Hydroxyurea
* All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)
* Corticosteroids (any route)
* Intrathecal therapy given at diagnosis
* In particular, strong inducers of CYP3A4 and/or P-glycoprotein (P-gp) should be avoided from the time of enrollment until it is determined whether the patient will receive gilteritinib. Patients receiving gilteritinib will be required to avoid strong CYP3A4 inducers and/or strong P-gp inducers for the duration of the study treatment
* Female patients who are pregnant since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation
* ARM D: Patient does not have any congenital long QT syndrome or congenital heart block
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS) (POPS or POP02)
The study investigators are interested in learning more about how drugs, that are given to children by their health care provider, act in the bodies of children and young adults in hopes to find the most safe and effective dose for children. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the PK of understudied drugs currently being administered to children per SOC as prescribed by their treating provider.
• Participant is \< 21 years of age
• Parent/ Legal Guardian/ Adult Participant can understand the consent process and is willing to provide informed consent/HIPAA:
• (a) Participant is receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment or (b) Participant is NOT receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest but is SARS-COV-2 positive within 60 days prior to enrollment
Exclusion Criteria:
• Participant has a known pregnancy
Below exclusion criteria apply only to:
Participants receiving one or more of the study drugs of interest at the time of enrollment, DOI administration or PK sampling: (Refer to DOI specific appendices for details on enrollment cohort specifications and additional eligibility criteria)
• Has had intermittent dialysis within previous 24 hours
• Has had a kidney transplant within previous 30 days
• Has had a liver transplant within previous 1 year
• Has had a stem cell transplant within previous 1 year
• Has had therapeutic hypothermia within previous 24 hours
• Has had plasmapheresis within the previous 24 hours
• Has a Ventricular Assist Device
• Has any condition which would make the participant, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study
DRUG: The POP02 study is collecting bodily fluid samples (i.e., whole blood, effluent samples) of children prescribed the following drugs of interest per standard of care:
Testing the Addition of a Type of Drug Called Immunotherapy to the Usual Chemotherapy Treatment for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, an ALCHEMIST Treatment Trial (Chemo-IO [ACCIO])
This phase III ALCHEMIST treatment trial tests the addition of pembrolizumab to usual chemotherapy for the treatment of stage IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIB non-small cell lung cancer that has been removed by surgery. Immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies, such as pembrolizumab, may help the body's immune system attack the cancer, and may interfere with the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, pemetrexed, carboplatin, gemcitabine hydrochloride, and paclitaxel, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Giving pembrolizumab with usual chemotherapy may help increase survival times in patients with stage IIA, IIB, IIIA or IIIB non-small cell lung cancer.
* A female of childbearing potential is a sexually mature female who:
* Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
* Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months)
* Local testing of EGFR with no EGFR exon 19 deletion or EGFR L858 R mutation (applicable to non-squamous patients only)
* Local testing of ALK with no ALK rearrangement (failed testing is considered negative) (applicable to non-squamous patients only)
* Local testing of PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) using one of the following assays: DAKO 22C3, DAKO 28-8, EIL3N or SP263
* Completely resected stage IIA, IIB IIIA or IIIB (T3-4N2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (squamous or non-squamous) with negative margins (complete R0 resection). Patients will be staged according to the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, 2017
* Note: Patients with pathologic N2 disease, completely resected, are eligible. However, patients known to have N2 disease prior to surgery are not eligible; guidelines do not recommend up-front surgery for this population
* Complete recovery from surgery. Registration to A081801 must be 30-77 days following surgery
* No prior neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy for current lung cancer diagnosis
* No prior allogeneic tissue/solid organ transplant
* Patients must NOT have uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, serious ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, unstable angina pectoris, that would limit compliance with study requirements
* No current pneumonitis or history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
* Age \>= 18 years
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS): 0-1
* No active auto-immune disease that has required systemic treatment within the last 2 years (e.g., disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid release therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
* Not pregnant and not nursing, because this study involves an agent that has known genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects
* Therefore, for women of childbearing potential only, a negative pregnancy test done =\< 7 days prior to registration is required
* No patients with a "currently active" second malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the last 3 years. Participants with non-melanoma skin cancers, low grade or low-risk cancers, or stage I malignancies not requiring systemic therapy (e.g., prostate cancer requiring only observation or superficial bladder cancer), or carcinoma in situ (e.g., breast carcinoma or cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy are eligible
* No hypersensitivity (\>= grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients
* No live vaccine within 30 days prior to registration. Examples of live vaccines include, but are not limited to, the following: measles, mumps, rubella, varicella/zoster (chicken pox), yellow fever, rabies, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), and typhoid vaccine. Seasonal influenza vaccines for injection are generally killed virus vaccines and are allowed; however, intranasal influenza vaccines (e.g., FluMist) are live attenuated vaccines and are not allowed
* No known hepatitis C virus (defined as HCV ribonucleic acid \[RNA\] \[qualitative\] is detected) infection or known history of hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen \[HBsAg\] reactive)
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \>= 1,500/mm\^3
* Platelet count \>= 100,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin \>= 8 gm/dl
* Calculated (Calc.) creatinine clearance \>= 45 mL/min
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) / alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =\< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
Comparing the Clinical Impact of Pancreatic Cyst Surveillance Programs and Associated Biomarkers
The purpose of this study is to compare two approaches for monitoring pancreatic cysts as well as to identify associated biomarkers. The study doctors want to compare more frequent monitoring versus less frequent monitoring as well as identify biomarkers which may improve risk detection of transformation to pancreatic cancer. The study doctors want to learn which monitoring method and which biomarkers lead to better outcomes for patients.
* Patient must be ≥ 50 years and ≤ 75 years of age
* Patient must not have acute pancreatitis or a history of chronic pancreatitis
* Patient must have received a CT, MRI, or EUS within 6 months prior to enrollment that revealed one or more ≥ 1 cm pancreatic cyst(s).
* Patients of childbearing potential must not be known to be pregnant
* Patient must not have a prior diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy of any type
* Patient must not have a history of pancreatic resection
* Patients with only pancreatic lesions without malignant risk (pancreatic pseudocyst or classic serous cystic lesion) are not eligible
* Patient must not have a family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in one or more first-degree relatives (biological parents, full siblings or children)
* Patient must not have pancreatic cyst morphology that would prompt immediate surgical consideration (enhancing mural nodule, solid component in cyst, pancreatic duct ≥ 10mm, cyst causing obstructive jaundice)
* Patient must not have a comorbid illness that precludes EUS or pancreatic cyst resection
* Patient must not be in any form of pancreatic cyst surveillance for \> 1 year, defined as organized, periodic up-to-date imaging directed towards the pancreatic cyst of interest
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must be ≥ 50 years and ≤ 75 years of age
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have acute pancreatitis or a history of chronic pancreatitis.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must have received a CT, MRI, or EUS within 6 months prior to randomization that revealed one or more ≥ 1 cm pancreatic cyst (s).
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patients of childbearing potential must not be known to be pregnant.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a prior diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy of any type.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a history of pancreatic resection.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patients with only pancreatic lesions without malignant risk (pancreatic pseudocyst or classic serous cystic lesion) are not eligible.
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a family history of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in one or more first-degree relatives (biological parents, full siblings or children).
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have pancreatic cyst morphology that would prompt immediate surgical consideration (enhancing mural nodule, solid component in cyst, pancreatic duct ≥10mm, cyst causing obstructive jaundice).
* PRIOR TO ADDENDUM #5 08/13/2024: Patient must not have a comorbid illness that precludes EUS or pancreatic cyst resection.
Osimertinib With or Without Bevacizumab as Initial Treatment for Patients With EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer
This phase III trial compares the effect of bevacizumab and osimertinib combination vs. osimertinib alone for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer that has spread outside of the lungs (stage IIIB-IV) and has a change (mutation) in a gene called EGFR. The EGFR protein is involved in cell signaling pathways that control cell division and survival. Sometimes, mutations in the EGFR gene cause EGFR proteins to be made in higher than normal amounts on some types of cancer cells. This causes cancer cells to divide more rapidly. Osimertinib may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking EGFR that is needed for cell growth in this type of cancer. Bevacizumab is in a class of medications called antiangiogenic agents. It works by stopping the formation of blood vessels that bring oxygen and nutrients to tumor. This may slow the growth and spread of tumor. Giving osimertinib with bevacizumab may control cancer for longer and help patients live longer as compared to osimertinib alone.
* Patient must have a pathologically-confirmed diagnosis of non-squamous, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
* Patient must have advanced disease, defined as - either stage IV disease, stage IIIB disease not amenable to definitive multi-modality therapy, or recurrent disease after a prior diagnosis of stage I-III disease. All staging is via the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) 8th edition staging criteria
* Patient must have somatic activating sensitizing mutation in EGFR (e.g. but not limited to Exon 19 deletion, L858R, E709X, G719X, exon 19 insertions, L861Q, S768I). Patients with non-sensitizing mutations in EGFR (EGFR exon 20 insertions) are not eligible. Test results originating from a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified or similarly accredited laboratory are acceptable; no specific assay is mandated. Plasma, cytology, or tumor tissue can be utilized for mutation testing
* Patient must not have received any prior treatment with an anti-VEGF agent
* NOTE: Prior treatment with an EGFR TKI is not allowed, however if a candidate for this study has already started osimertinib within 21 days prior to randomization, the exact osimertinib start date is known, and the patient had the required study baseline imaging completed prior to the osimertinib start date, the patient will be eligible
* Patients that have received prior radiation therapy are eligible. Radiation (limited field stereotactic radiation or conventional radiation) must have been completed at least one week prior to study drug initiation and more extensive field radiation (i.e., whole-brain radiotherapy \[WBRT\]) must have been completed at least two weeks prior to drug initiation
* Patient must not have any risk factors for anti-VEGF administration, specifically, hemoptysis, active cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, significant proteinuria (screening urinalysis \> 300 mg/dl) and tumor invading major blood vessels
* Patient must have measurable disease. Baseline measurements of sites of disease must be obtained within 4 weeks prior to study randomization. If a potential target lesion is previously irradiated without subsequent growth and/or is radiated after the imaging from which baseline measurements are obtained, they cannot be included as target lesions, and additional target lesions are required to meet criteria for measurable disease
* Patient must not have had any prior systemic treatment for metastatic disease
* Patient must be ≥ 18 years of age
* Patient must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 2
* Patient must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to the potential harm to an unborn fetus and possible risk for adverse events in nursing infants with the treatment regimens being used
* All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 14 days prior to randomization to rule out pregnancy
* A female of childbearing potential is defined as any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: 1) has achieved menarche at some point, 2) has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or 3) has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
* Patient of childbearing potential and sexually active males must not expect to conceive or father children by using accepted and effective method(s) of contraception or by abstaining from sexual intercourse for 2 weeks prior to the start of treatment, while on study treatment, and for
* 6 weeks after the last dose of protocol treatment for female patients on the osimertinib (AZD9291) alone arm
* 4 months after the last dose of protocol treatment for male patients on osimertinib (AZD9291) alone arm
* 6 months after the last dose of protocol treatment for all patients on osimertinib (AZD9291) plus bevacizumab combination arm
* NOTE: Female patients should also not breastfeed while on treatment and for 6 months after the last dose bevacizumab
* Leukocytes \>= 3,000/mcL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization)
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,500/mcL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization)
* Platelets \>= 100,000/mcL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization)
* Hemoglobin \>= 9 g/dL (obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization)
* Total bilirubin and creatinine =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization)
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase \[SGOT\])/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase \[SGPT\]) =\< 2.5 x institutional ULN (obtained =\< 14 days prior to randomization)
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
* For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
* Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
* Patients with treated brain metastases are eligible if neurologically stable without glucocorticoid therapy after the stated washout period from radiation therapy (RT) or surgery provided the metastatic lesions are non-hemorrhagic
* Patients with untreated brain metastases or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required provided the metastatic lesions are non-hemorrhagic and are neurologically stable without glucocorticoid therapy
* Patients with a prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
* Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
* Patient must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document and comply with study requirements
* Patient must not have had treatment with any investigational drug within five half-lives or 3 months (whichever is greater), prior to study initiation
* Patient must not be currently receiving (or unable to stop use prior to receiving the first dose of study treatment) medications or herbal supplements known to be strong inducers of CYP3A4. For any patient currently receiving such inducers of CYP3A4, they must discontinue use prior to first dose of study treatment. All patients must try to avoid concomitant use of any medications, herbal supplements and/or ingestion of foods with known inducer effects on CYP3A4
* Patient must not have any unresolved toxicities from prior therapy greater than Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 1 at the time of randomization, with the exception of alopecia and grade 2 prior platinum-therapy-related neuropathy
* Patient must not have any evidence of severe or uncontrolled systemic diseases, including uncontrolled hypertension and active bleeding diatheses, which in the investigator's opinion makes it challenging for the patient to participate in the study. Screening for chronic conditions is not required
* Patient must not have refractory nausea and vomiting, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, the inability to swallow the osimertinib tablets or previous significant bowel resection that would preclude adequate absorption of osimertinib
* Patient must not have a medical history of interstitial lung disease, drug-induced interstitial lung disease, radiation pneumonitis which required steroid treatment, or any evidence of clinically active interstitial lung disease
* Patient must not have a history of hypersensitivity to active or inactive excipients of osimertinib or drugs with a similar chemical structure or class to osimertinib
* Patient must not have mean resting corrected QT interval (QTc) \> 470 msec obtained from 3 electrocardiograms (ECGs), using the screening clinic ECG machine derived QTc value (using Bazett's correction)
* Patient must not have any clinically important abnormalities in rhythm, conduction or morphology of resting ECG e.g. complete left bundle branch block, third degree heart block and second-degree heart block
* Patient must not have any factors that increase the risk of QTc prolongation or risk of arrhythmic events such as heart failure, electrolyte abnormalities (including: potassium \< lower limit of normal \[LLN\]; magnesium \< LLN; calcium \< LLN), congenital long QT syndrome, family history of long QT syndrome or unexplained sudden death under 40 years of age in first degree relatives or any concomitant medication known to prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de pointes
A Study of the Drugs Selumetinib vs. Carboplatin and Vincristine in Patients With Low-Grade Glioma
This phase III trial compares the effect of selumetinib versus the standard of care treatment with carboplatin and vincristine (CV) in treating patients with newly diagnosed or previously untreated low-grade glioma (LGG) that does not have a genetic abnormality called BRAFV600E mutation and is not associated with systemic neurofibromatosis type 1. Selumetinib works by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and may kill tumor cells. Carboplatin is in a class of medications known as platinum-containing compounds. It works in a way similar to the anticancer drug cisplatin, but may be better tolerated than cisplatin. Carboplatin works by killing, stopping or slowing the growth of tumor cells. Vincristine is in a class of medications called vinca alkaloids. It works by stopping tumor cells from growing and dividing and may kill them. The overall goal of this study is to see if selumetinib works just as well as the standard treatment of CV for patients with LGG. Another goal of this study is to compare the effects of selumetinib versus CV in subjects with LGG to find out which is better. Additionally, this trial will also examine if treatment with selumetinib improves the quality of life for subjects who take it.
* Patients must be \>= 2 years and =\< 21 years at the time of enrollment
* Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of \>= 0.5 m\^2 at enrollment
* Patients must have non-neurofibromatosis type 1 (non-NF1) low-grade glioma (LGG) without a BRAFV600E mutation as confirmed by Rapid Central Pathology and Molecular Screening Reviews performed on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI)-MCI, or accepted Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-certified test and that has not been treated with any modality besides surgery. Note: Patients may be newly-diagnosed OR previously diagnosed, and there is no required time frame between biopsy/surgery and treatment initiation.
* Patients with residual tumor after resection or progressive tumor after initial diagnosis (with or without surgery) who have not received treatment (chemotherapy and/or radiation) are eligible
* Patients must have two-dimensional measurable tumor \>= 1 cm\^2 to be eligible
* Patients with ependymoma are not eligible
* Eligible histologies will include all tumors considered low-grade glioma or low-grade astrocytoma (World Health Organization \[WHO\] grade I and II) by 5th edition WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
* Patients with metastatic disease or multiple independent primary LGG are eligible
* Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) \>= 70 mL/min/1.73 m\^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/sex as follows (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment):
* Age: Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL)
* 2 to \< 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL (male); 0.8 mg/dL (female)
* 6 to \< 10 years: 1 mg/dL (male); 1 mg/dL (female)
* 10 to \< 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL (male); 1.2 mg/dL (female)
* 13 to \< 16 years: 1.5 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
* \>= 16 years: 1.7 mg/dL (male); 1.4 mg/dL (female)
* Total bilirubin =\< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment) (children with a diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome will be allowed on study regardless of their total and indirect \[unconjugated\] bilirubin levels as long as their direct \[conjugated\] bilirubin is \< 3.1 mg/dL)
* Serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\]) =\< 135 U/L (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
* Albumin \>= 2 g/dL (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) \>= 53% (or institutional normal; if the LVEF result is given as a range of values, then the upper value of the range will be used) by echocardiogram (performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
* Corrected QT (QTc) interval =\< 450 msec by electrocardiography (EKG) (performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment)
* Absolute neutrophil count \>= 1,000/uL (unsupported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Platelets \>= 100,000/uL (unsupported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Hemoglobin \>= 8 g/dL (may be supported) (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment)
* Patients with a known seizure disorder must be stable and must not have experienced a significant increase in seizure frequency within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
* Patients 2-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =\< 95th percentile for age, height, and sex at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of anti-hypertensive medications)
* Patients \>= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure =\< 130/80 mmHg at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of anti-hypertensive medications)
* Note for patients of all ages: Adequate blood pressure can be achieved using medication for the treatment of hypertension
* All patients must have ophthalmology toxicity assessments performed within 8 weeks prior to enrollment
* For all patients, an MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) and/or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must be performed within 8 weeks prior to enrollment
* Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients \> 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =\< 16 years of age
* Patients must have the ability to swallow whole capsules
* All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
* All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
* All patients have signed an appropriate consent form and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization form (if applicable)
* All patients have been consented and enrolled on APEC14B1 (NCT02402244) Part A for Pre-Enrollment Eligibility Screening for ACNS1833
Exclusion Criteria:
* Patients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant. Prior surgical intervention (with the exclusion of laser interstitial thermal therapy \[LITT\]) is permitted
* Patients with a concurrent malignancy or history of treatment (other than surgery) for another tumor within the last year are ineligible
* Patients with diffuse intrinsic pontine tumors as seen on MRI (\> 2/3 of pons involvement on imaging) are not eligible even if biopsy reveals grade I/II histology
* Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
* Patients with any serious medical or psychiatric illness/condition, including substance use disorders or ophthalmological conditions, likely in the judgment of the investigator to interfere or limit compliance with study requirements/treatment
* Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not able to comply with the study procedures are not eligible
* Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
* Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible
* Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 1 week after stopping study therapy are not eligible.
* Note: Women study participants of child-bearing potential must use acceptable contraception during the study and for 1 week (7 days) after the last dose of selumetinib. Men study participants with sexual partners who are pregnant or who are of child-bearing potential must use acceptable contraception during the study and for 1 week (7 days) after the last dose of study agent. Acceptable contraception includes implants, injectables, or oral contraceptives (all combined with barrier methods), some intrauterine devices (IUDs), vasectomy or abstinence
* Known genetic disorder that increases risk for coronary artery disease. Note: The presence of dyslipidemia in a family with a history of myocardial infarction is not in itself an exclusion unless there is a known genetic disorder documented
* Symptomatic heart failure
* New York Health Association (NYHA) class II-IV prior or current cardiomyopathy
* Severe valvular heart disease
* History of atrial fibrillation
* Current or past history of central serous retinopathy
* Current or past history of retinal vein occlusion or retinal detachment
* Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma
* If checking pressure is clinically indicated, patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) \> 22 mmHg or ULN adjusted by age are not eligible
* Supplementation with vitamin E greater than 100% of the daily recommended dose. Any multivitamin containing vitamin E must be stopped prior to study enrollment even if less than 100% of the daily recommended dosing for vitamin E
* Surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, with the exception of surgical biopsy, placement of a vascular access device or cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) diverting procedure such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt.
* Note: Patients must have healed from any prior surgery
* Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
Cobimetinib in Refractory Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH), and Other Histiocytic Disorders (NACHO-COBI)
This is a research study of a drug called cobimetinib in children and adults diagnosed with
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), and other histiocytic disorders that has returned or
does not respond to treatment. Cobimetinib blocks activation of a protein called
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) that is part of incorrect growth signals in
histiocytosis cells. Four different groups of patients will be enrolled.
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
Age at study entry
• For Group 1: Participant must be at least 6 months of age and less than 21 years of
age at the time of enrollment
• For Group 2: Participant may be at least 6 months of age at the time of enrollment
• For Group 3: Participant must be at least 6 months of age and less than 21 years of
age at the time of enrollment
• For Group 4: Participant must be 21 years of age or older at the time of enrollment
• Participant must be able to take an enteral dose and formulation of medication. Study
medication is only available as an oral suspension or tablet which may be taken by
mouth or other enteral route such as nasogastric or gastric tube.
• Biopsy proven LCH -AND
• Failure of at least front-line therapy for LCH with evaluable disease. -OR
• Diagnosis of LCH-associated neurodegenerative disease with radiologic or clinical
progression within the past 3 months. -OR
• Biopsy proven JXG, ECD, RDD, histiocytic sarcoma, or other histiocytic lesion (newly
diagnosed or relapsed/refractory disease) with evaluable active disease.
Performance Level:
-Karnofsky ≥ 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky ≥ 50% for patients ≤ 16 years of
age.
Adequate Hematologic Function Defined as:
• ANC ≥ 0.75 x 10^9/L (unsupported/without growth factor stimulant)
• Platelet count ≥ 75 x 10^9/L (unsupported/without transfusion within the past 7 days).
• Patients with marrow disease must have platelet count of >/= 75 x 10^9/L (transfusion
support allowed) and must not be refractory to platelet transfusions.
• Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL (unsupported/without transfusion within the past 7 days)
• Patients with marrow disease must have hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL (transfusion support
allowed).
Adequate Renal Function Defined as:
• Calculated creatinine clearance (or radioisotope GFR) ≥ 70 mL/min/1.73m^2 or serum
creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
Maximum Serum Creatinine (mg/dL) Age 2 to < 6 years: Male 0.8 mg/d, Female 0.8; 6 to < 10
years: Male 1 mg/dL,Female 1; 10 to < 13 years: Male 1.2 mg/dL; Female 1.2; 13 to < 16
years: Male 1.5 mg/dL ; Female 1.4; ≥ 16 years: Male 1.7 mg/dL; Female 1.4;
Adequate Liver Function Defined as:
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) ≤ 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for
age
• AST and ALT ≤ 3x ULN (≤ 5 x ULN for participants with liver involvement)
• Serum albumin ≥ 2 g/dL.
For patients with liver disease caused by histiocytic disorder:
• Patients may be enrolled with abnormal bilirubin, AST, ALT and albumin with documentation
of histiocytic liver disease.
Adequate Cardiac Function Defined as:
• Fractional shortening (FS) of ≥ 30% or ejection fraction of ≥ 50% by echocardiogram at
baseline, as determined by echocardiography or multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) within 28
days prior to enrollment. Depending on institutional standard, either FS or LVEF is
adequate for enrollment if only one value is measured; if both values are measured, then
both values must meet criteria above
Pregnancy/Birth Control
• Female patients of childbearing potential require a negative urine or serum pregnancy
test for eligibility and again at database registration, if more than 2 weeks has
elapsed.
• Female patients of childbearing potential must agree to follow the contraceptive
requirements using two forms of effective contraceptive methods for the duration of
the study treatment. Male patients with sexual partners who are pregnant or who could
become pregnant (i.e., women of child-bearing potential) must agree to use two forms
of effective methods of contraception (one of which must be a barrier method) during
the treatment period and for at least 3 months after the last dose of the study drug
to avoid pregnancy and/or potential adverse effects on a developing embryo. Agreement
to true abstinence (not periodic abstinence or withdrawal method) is an acceptable
method of birth control.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Prior and Concomitant Use of Drugs with CYP3A4 inducing/inhibiting activity: Patient
taking strong inducers or inhibitors of CYP3A4 within 14 days prior to study enrollment,
including but not limited to the following: erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole,
azithromycin, itraconazole, grapefruit juice or St. John's wort.
• Prior Therapy Restrictions Completion of previous chemotherapy, immunotherapy,
radiotherapy, or targeted therapy for LCH (or other histiocytic disorder) at least 28
days (except where specified below) prior to study enrollment, with resolution of all
associated toxicity to ≤ Grade 1 prior to study enrollment (exception for alopecia and
ototoxicity which do not need to be resolved ≤ Grade 1). Patients must have fully
recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet
the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to
enrollment. If after the required timeframe, the laboratory eligibility criteria are
met, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately.
• Radiation therapy within the 28 days prior to enrollment.
• Any prior treatment with Cobimetinib.
• Treatment with a long-acting hematopoietic growth factor within 14 days prior to
initiation of study drug or a short-acting hematopoietic growth factor within 7
days prior to enrollment.
• Treatment with hormonal therapy (except hormone replacement therapy or oral
contraceptives), immunotherapy, biologic therapy, investigational therapy, or
herbal cancer therapy within 28 days or < 5 half-lives, whichever is longer,
prior to study enrollment.
• Treatment with high-dose chemotherapy and stem-cell rescue (autologous stem cell
transplant) or allogeneic stem cell transplant within 90 days prior to
enrollment. Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: Patients who are receiving
cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease
post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial.
• For patients with brain tumors (intracranial masses), use of anticoagulants
within 7 days prior to enrollment.
• Corticosteroid therapy <0.5 mg/kg/day averaged during the month prior to study
enrollment is permissible but must be discontinued fourteen (14) days prior to
enrollment. Patients with documented brain lesions receiving corticosteroids for
management of cerebral edema must be on a stable dose for fourteen (14) days
prior to enrollment.
• Patient has received treatment with investigational therapy within 4 weeks prior
to initiation of study drug.
• Patients taking anticoagulants or have a pre-existing bleeding disorder unrelated
to histiocytic disease.
• Exclusions for other illness
• Other active malignancy or history of secondary malignancy.
• Refractory nausea and vomiting, malabsorption, external biliary shunt
• Infection: Patients who have a known active infection (excluding documented
fungal infection of the nail beds) within 28 days prior to enrollment that has
not completely resolved.
• Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to
enrollment, or anticipation of need for major surgical procedure during the
course of the study. Placement of a vascular access device or minor surgery is
permitted within fourteen (14) days prior to study enrollment (provided that the
wound has healed).
• History of significant bowel resection that would preclude adequate absorption or
other significant malabsorptive disease.
• History of pneumonitis.
• Ophthalmologic considerations: Patients with known significant ophthalmologic
conditions or known risk factors for retinal vein occlusion are not eligible.
Specifically, patients with a history of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), retinal
detachment, retinal pathology on ophthalmologic exam, retinopathy of prematurity,
central serous chorioretinopathy (CSSCR), neovascular retinopathy, intraocular
pressure > 21 mmHg, and predisposing factors to RVO (e.g., uncontrolled
hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia, coagulopathy) will be excluded.
Patients with longstanding and stable ophthalmologic findings secondary to
existing conditions are eligible with appropriate written documentation and
approval from Study Chair.
• History of solid organ transplantation: Patients who have received a prior solid
organ transplantation are not eligible.
• Any other disease, metabolic or psychological dysfunction, physical examination
finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease
or condition that in the opinion of the investigator contraindicates use of an
investigational drug or places the patient at unacceptable risk from treatment
complications.
• History of clinically significant cardiac dysfunction, including the following:
• Clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias including brady-arrhythmias and/or
patients who require anti-arrhythmic therapy (with the exception of beta blockers
or digoxin). Patients with controlled atrial fibrillation are not excluded.
• Unstable arrhythmia
• Unstable angina, or new-onset angina within 3 months prior to initiation of study
treatment
• Symptomatic congestive heart failure, defined as New York Heart Association Class
II or higher
• Myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to initiation of study treatment
• Known chronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
• History of Grade ≥ 2 CNS hemorrhage or history of any CNS hemorrhage within 28 days of
enrollment.
• Female patients who are pregnant or lactating. Pregnant or lactating women will not be
entered on this study because there is no available information regarding human fetal
or teratogenic toxicities.
Drug: Cobimetinib
Langerhan's Cell Histiocytosis, Juvenile Xanthogranuloma, Erdheim-Chester Disease, Rosai Dorfman Disease, Neuro-Degenerative Disease, Histiocytic Sarcoma, Histiocytic Disorders, Malignant, Bones and Joints, Brain and Nervous System, Liver, Lung/Thoracic, Other Hematopoietic