• Histologically or cytologically-confirmed Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, or osteosarcoma
• Disease progression after prior therapy in locally advanced or metastatic setting
• Measurable or evaluable disease based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) criteria
• Age 12 months to <21 years
• Adequate bone marrow reserves, hepatic function, and renal function
• Recovered from effects of any prior surgery or cancer therapy
• Patients 18 years or older will provide written consent. A parent or legal guardian of a patient <18 years of age will provide informed consent and patients 11 to 18 years of age will provide written assent or as per participating institutional policy.
• Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders
• NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or uncontrolled blood pressure
• Active infection or unexplained fever
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the components of MM-398 or other liposomal products
• Recent Investigational therapy
• Pregnant or breast feeding; females of child-bearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment

• Patients must have the psychological ability and general health that permits completion of the study requirements and required follow up
• Women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active should be willing and able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception during the trial and for up to 180 days after completion of all treatment to prevent pregnancy or fathering a child.
• Pathologically proven diagnosis of NSCLC, with metastases (stage IV disease) present prior to registration; this includes patients newly diagnosed with metastatic disease or those initially diagnosed and treated for stage I-III NSCLC who ultimately develop metastases
• Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:
• History/physical examination within 30 days prior to registration
• Imaging proof of limited metastatic disease and response to therapy/stable disease, by at least CT chest through the adrenals or PET/CT within 30 days prior to registration
• Zubrod performance status 0, 1, or 2 within 30 days prior to registration
• Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤ 5 × ULN with metastatic liver disease
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 × ULN
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 500 cells/mm^3
• Creatinine clearance ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m^2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal
• Platelets ≥ 50,000 cells/mm^3
• Negative serum pregnancy test within one week prior to registration for females of childbearing potential
• Patients must have received first-line/induction chemotherapy (4 cycles) and achieved stable disease or a partial response
• Prior systemic chemotherapy as part of concurrent treatment approach for previously diagnosed stage III NSCLC, as adjuvant therapy for previously resected NSCLC, or for other previous cancers is permitted
• Prior radiotherapy for patients with brain metastases prior to enrollment is acceptable
• Patients must have measurable disease at baseline and 3 or fewer discrete, extracranial metastatic disease sites that are technically amenable to SBRT
• For de novo stage IV NSCLC patients (patients with metastatic disease at first presentation), primary disease must be treatable with local therapy in the form of SBRT or hypofractionated radiation; if the primary disease is found in the peripheral or central lung parenchyma without nodal disease for instance, SBRT may be employed; if primary disease is more advanced with involvement of the mediastinum (T4 tumor, N1-N3 disease, etc.), these volumes should be technically treatable with hypofractionated radiation
• If primary disease in the thoracic cavity was previously treated with local therapy in the form of surgery, any local/regional disease recurrence should be technically treatable with SBRT or hypofractionated radiation after induction systemic therapy
• Patients must be registered within 35 days of administration of the last dose of first-line/induction systemic therapy
• The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry
• Patients with brain metastases are eligible if these lesions have been previously treated and the patients have no clinical or radiographic evidence of progression prior to enrollment
• Clinical or radiologic evidence of untreated and/or progressive brain metastases
• Cutaneous metastasis of NSCLC
• Metastatic disease invading the esophagus, stomach, intestines, or mesenteric lymph nodes if not a candidate for surgery for these lesions
• Prior invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer, low or intermediate risk prostate cancer, or in situ carcinoma of breast, oral cavity, skin, or cervix) unless disease free for a minimum of one year
• Metastases located within 3 cm of previously irradiated (< 3Gy per fraction) structures if if not a candidate for surgery for these lesions and if:
• Spinal cord previously irradiated to > 40 Gy
• Brachial plexus previously irradiated to > 50 Gy
• Small intestine, large intestine, or stomach previously irradiated to > 45 Gy
• Brainstem previously irradiated to > 50 Gy
• Lung previously irradiated with prior V20 Gy > 35%
• Patients receiving targeted therapy (non-cytotoxic systemic therapy) for NSCLC in the first-line setting
• If a patient has progressed in previous areas of primary disease that received definitive doses of radiation, these patients would require re-irradiation in previous high dose anatomic areas and are not eligible for this study
• Patients with malignant pleural effusions that do not resolve after first-line systemic therapy; patients with pleural effusions that have become too small for thoracentesis at the time of registration would be permitted on study, indicating a significant response to first-line chemotherapy
• Patients with more than 3 discrete locations of extra-cranial metastatic disease after first-line systemic therapy requiring more than 3 SBRT plans to cover these distinct metastatic disease entities
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration
• Patients who are pregnant or nursing
• Participation in any investigational drug study (excluding non-oncology and/or symptom management studies) within 4 weeks prior to registration
• Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count < 200 cells/microliter; note that patients who are HIV positive are eligible, provided they are under treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and have a CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/microliter within 30 days prior to registration; note also that HIV testing is not required for eligibility for this protocol
• For patients who received immunotherapy during induction, patients on chronic steroids or who have active autoimmune disease for which they received systemic treatment in the previous 2 years with corticosteroids, disease modifying agents, or immunosuppressive drugs are not eligible. Replacement therapy (thyroxine, insulin or physiological corticosteroid replacement for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is allowed. Patients with active interstitial lung disease or who have a history of pneumonitis for which they had received glucocorticoids are not eligible
• Prior bevacizumab therapy or other antiangiogenic therapy in first-line or planned maintenance therapy (due to potential for increased complications from local therapy)

• Completed study drug treatment in a parent study; or had study drug interruption(s) in a parent study but completed study visits up to the last scheduled visit of the Treatment Period in the parent study.
• History of drug intolerance in a parent study that would pose an additional risk to the subject in the opinion of the investigator.
• Current participation in an investigational drug trial (other than a parent study) Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

• Provide written informed consent
• Histologically confirmed cancers for which no curative therapy exists
• Documented HER2 or EGFR exon 18 mutation
• Participants must agree and commit to use appropriate methods of contraception as outlined in the protocol
• At least one measurable lesion, defined by RECIST v1.1
• Participants harboring ineligible somatic HER2 mutations
• Prior treatment with any HER2-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitor (e.g., lapatinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, neratinib) is excluded with the following exception: patients with EGFR exon 18 mutated NSCLC who may have received afatinib, osimertinib, or other pan HER or EGFR TKIs remain eligible
• Participants who are receiving any other anticancer agents
• Symptomatic or unstable brain metastases
• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding There are additional inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study center will determine if criteria for participation are met.

Key
• Subjects will be 1 to less than 2 years of age on Day 1 of the relevant part of the study.
• Homozygous for F508del (F/F). Key
• Any clinically significant laboratory abnormalities at the Screening Visit that would interfere with the study assessments or pose an undue risk for the subject.
• Solid organ or hematological transplantation. Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

Key For Phase 1:
• Participants with a locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor that:
• Has progressed on or is intolerant to standard therapy, or
• For which no standard therapy exists, or in the opinion of the Investigator, are not candidates for or would be unlikely to tolerate or derive significant clinical benefit from standard therapy, or
• Decline standard therapy
• Prior multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) with anti-RET activity are allowed
• A RET gene alteration is not required initially. Once adequate PK exposure is achieved, evidence of RET gene alteration in tumor and/or blood is required as identified through molecular assays, as performed for clinical evaluation
• Measurable or non-measurable disease as determined by RECIST 1.1 or RANO as appropriate to tumor type
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0, 1, or 2 or Lansky Performance Score (LPS) greater than or equal to (≥) 40 percent (%) (age less than [<] 16 years) with no sudden deterioration 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment
• Adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal function
• Life expectancy of at least 3 months For Phase 2: As for phase 1 with the following modifications:
• For Cohort 1: Participants must have received prior standard therapy appropriate for their tumor type and stage of disease, or in the opinion of the Investigator, would be unlikely to tolerate or derive clinical benefit from appropriate standard of care therapy
• Cohorts 1 and 2:
• Enrollment will be restricted to participants with evidence of a RET gene alteration in tumor
• At least one measurable lesion as defined by RECIST 1.1 or RANO, as appropriate to tumor type and not previously irradiated
• Cohorts 3 and 4: Enrollment closed
• Cohort 5:
• Cohorts 1-4 without measurable disease
• MCT not meeting the requirements for Cohorts 3 or 4
• MTC syndrome spectrum cancers (e.g., MTC, pheochromocytoma), cancers with neuroendocrine features/differentiation, or poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with other RET alteration/activation may be allowed with prior Sponsor approval
• cfDNA positive for a RET gene alteration not known to be present in a tumor sample
• Cohort 6: Participants who otherwise are eligible for Cohorts 1, 2 or 5 who discontinued another RET inhibitor may be eligible with prior Sponsor approval
• Cohort 7: Participants with a histologically confirmed stage IB-IIIA NSCLC and a RET fusion; determined to be medically operable and tumor deemed resectable by a thoracic surgical oncologist, without prior systemic treatment for NSCLC Key Exclusion Criteria (Phase 1 and Phase 2):
• Phase 2 Cohorts 1 and 2: an additional known oncogenic driver
• Cohorts 3 and 4: Enrollment closed
• Cohorts 1, 2 and 5: prior treatment with a selective RET inhibitor Notes: Participants otherwise eligible for Cohorts 1, 2, and 5 who discontinued another selective RET inhibitor may be eligible for Phase 2 Cohort 6 with prior Sponsor approval
• Investigational agent or anticancer therapy (including chemotherapy, biologic therapy, immunotherapy, anticancer Chinese medicine or other anticancer herbal remedy) within 5 half-lives or 2 weeks (whichever is shorter) prior to planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib). In addition, no concurrent investigational anti-cancer therapy is permitted Note: Potential exception for this exclusion criterion will require a valid scientific justification and approval from the Sponsor
• Major surgery (excluding placement of vascular access) within 2 weeks prior to planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib)
• Radiotherapy with a limited field of radiation for palliation within 1 week of planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib), with the exception of participants receiving radiation to more than 30% of the bone marrow or with a wide field of radiation, which must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment
• Any unresolved toxicities from prior therapy greater than Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade 1 at the time of starting study treatment with the exception of alopecia and Grade 2, prior platinum-therapy related neuropathy
• Symptomatic primary CNS tumor, metastases, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, or untreated spinal cord compression. Participants are eligible if neurological symptoms and CNS imaging are stable and steroid dose is stable for 14 days prior to the first dose of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib) and no CNS surgery or radiation has been performed for 28 days, 14 days if stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
• Clinically significant active cardiovascular disease or history of myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib) or prolongation of the QT interval corrected (QTcF) greater than (>) 470 milliseconds (msec)
• Participants with implanted pacemakers may enter the study without meeting QTc criteria due to nonevaluable measurement if it is possible to monitor for QT changes.
• Participants with bundle branch block may be considered for study entry if QTc is appropriate by a formula other than Fridericia's and if it is possible to monitor for QT changes.
• Required treatment with certain strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors or inducers and certain prohibited concomitant medications
• Phase 2 Cohort 7 (neoadjuvant treatment): Participant must not have received prior systemic therapy for NSCLC.

Cystic Fibrosis Main Study
• Must have CF diagnosis confirmed by sweat test or genotype analysis
• Subjects (and parents/legal guardians as applicable) must have the ability to read and write in English Sub-study
• No CF diagnosis
• Men or women without osteoporosis
• Less than 18 years of age
• Unwilling to return annually for study visits for up to 5 years
• Unwilling and/or medically unable to take denosumab

• Stratum I
• Patients must be less than 18 years of age at the time of diagnosis.
• Patients must have histological verification of the diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis according to the criteria described in Section 6.1
• Signed informed consent form
• Stratum II
• Patients of Stratum I who have:
• Progressive disease (AD worse) in non-risk organs after 6 weeks (Initial Course
• AD intermediate or worse in non-risk organs or AD better in risk organs after 12 weeks (Initial Course 2)
• Disease progression (AD worse) in non-risk organs at any time during continuation treatment
• Active disease at the end of Stratum I treatment
• Disease reactivation in non-risk organs at any time after completion of Stratum I treatment
• Stratum III
• Patients from Stratum I who fulfill the following criteria:
• AD worse in risk organs after week 6 (after Initial Course 1), or AD worse or AD intermediate in risk organs after week 12 (after Initial Course 2).
• Presence of unequivocally severe organ dysfunction at the above mentioned evaluation points (hematological dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or both of them) as
• Hb <70 g/L (<7.0 g/dl) and/or transfusion dependency
• PLT <20 x109/L (20,000/μL) and/or transfusion dependency (both criteria have to be fulfilled) AND/OR
• Liver dysfunction (or digestive involvement with protein loss)
• Total protein <55 g/L or substitution dependency
• Albumin <25 g/L or substitution dependency (at least one of the two criteria to be fulfilled)
• Stratum IV
• Patients from Stratum I or Stratum III who fulfill the following criteria:
• AD worse in risk organs after week 6 (after Initial Course 1), or AD worse or AD intermediate in risk organs after week 12 (after Initial Course 2) of Stratum I OR
• AD worse after the 2nd and 3rd 2-CdA/Ara-C course, and those AD worse or AD intermediate after the 4th 2-CdA/Ara-C course of Stratum III AND
• Presence of unequivocally severe organ dysfunction at the above mentioned evaluation points (hematological dysfunction, liver dysfunction, or both of them) as defined in Table XI (see Section 10.3.1).
• Informed consent: All patients or their legal guardians (if the patient is <18 years of age) must sign an Ethics or institutional Review Board approved consent form indicating their awareness of the investigational nature and the risks of this study. When appropriate, younger patients will be included in all discussions in order to obtain assent.
• Adequate organ function: Patients should have adequate hepatic, renal, cardiac and pulmonary function to undergo reduced intensity HCT based upon local institutional guidelines, or at a minimum meet requirements noted in eligibility checklist Appendix A-VIII_1. However, significant hepatic and pulmonary dysfunction, if secondary to underlying LCH disease activity, will not exclude patients from protocol enrollment and should be discussed with the National PI Coordinator and the Coordinating Principal Investigator.
• Stratum V
• All patients with verified diagnosis of LCH and MRI findings consistent with ND-CNSLCH irrespective of previous treatments (also those not registered to other Strata ofLCH-IV).
• Patients with isolated tumorous CNS-LCH (including isolated DI with mass lesion in the hypothalamus-pituitary axis). In patients with already established diagnosis of LCH and radiologic finding of CNS lesions compatible with LCH, a biopsy of the lesion is not obligatory. In all other cases a biopsy of the lesion is needed for inclusion into the study
• Stratum VI -- Patients with newly diagnosed SS-LCH and localization other than "multifocal bone",isolated tumorous CNS lesion, or isolated "CNS-risk" lesion.
• Stratum VII -- All patients registered in LCH IV (regardless of treatment) as long as consent for longterm follow-up has not been withheld.
• Stratum I
• Pregnancy (patients of child-bearing age must be appropriately tested before chemotherapy)
• LCH-related permanent consequences (e.g. vertebra plana, sclerosing cholangitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) in the absence of active disease
• Prior systemic therapy
• Stratum II
• Patients with progressive disease in risk organs
• Permanent consequences (e.g. sclerosing cholangitis, lung fibrosis, etc.) without evidence of active LCH in the same organ or in any other locations
• No written consent of the patient or his/her parents or legal guardian
• Stratum III
• The presence of any of the following criteria will exclude the patient from the study:
• Isolated sclerosing cholangitis without evidence of active hepatic LCH as the only evidence of risk organ involvement.
• Inadequate renal function as defined by serum creatinine > 3x normal for age
• Stratum IV
• Pulmonary failure (requiring mechanical ventilation) not due to active LCH.
• Isolated liver sclerosis or pulmonary fibrosis, without active LCH.
• Uncontrolled active life-threatening infection.
• Decreased renal function with a GFR of less than 50ml/1.73m2/min.
• Pregnancy or active breast feeding
• Failure to provide signed informed consent
• Stratum VI
• Patients with SS-LCH who have an isolated tumorous CNS lesion (they are eligible for Stratum V),
• Patients with isolated "CNS-risk" or multifocal bone lesions (they are eligible for Stratum I, Group 2)

• Age ≥ 18 years
• Patients with acute onset dyspnea (defined as shortness of breath (SOB) at rest or on exertion) and diagnostic uncertainty of etiology where heart failure is in consideration.
• Patients designated to undergo chest X-ray as part of standard of care assessment.
• Obvious trauma contributing to dyspnea
• Inability to provide written informed consent
• Not speaking English or Spanish
• Right-sided lobectomy
• Patients with implanted ventricular assist device
• Patient is unable to undergo the TPD test
• Patient is already enrolled in a clinical study with experimental medications

1. Signed informed consent and mental capability to understand the informed consent 2. Male or female patients > 18 years of age 3. Histologically or cytologically documented locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor malignancies refractory to or otherwise ineligible for treatment with standard-of-care agents/regimens, including but not limited to:
• Malignant melanoma
• Hormone receptor negative breast cancer
• Gastro-esophageal cancer
• Non-small cell lung cancer
• Head and neck cancer
• Hepatoma
• Renal cell carcinoma 4. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of ≤ 1 5. Evaluable or measurable disease as follows:
• A minimum of 3 RECIST-evaluable lesions: one that is suitable for injection and biopsied; one non-injected that will be biopsied for abscopal effect; and one measurable lesion that will be followed for response only.
• Injectable tumors shall be accessed by intralesional (cutaneous) or percutaneous injection only, including those lesions that are visible, palpable, or detectable by standard radiographic or ultrasound methods. Neither surgical procedures nor endoscopically-guided injections including those to endobronchial, endoluminal, or endosinusial spaces shall be allowed. While no anatomic locations are required or disallowed, lesions selected for intratumoral injection must, in the opinion of the investigator:
• Not be immediately adjacent to blood vasculature or other physiologic landmarks in such a way that will accrue undue safety risk to the patient
• Have longest diameter ≥ 10 mm and ≤ 50 mm
• Be fully efficacy evaluable per RECIST v1.1 criteria 6. Life expectancy > 3 months (Phase I) and > 6 months (Phase IIA) 7. ECG without evidence of clinically meaningful conduction abnormalities or active ischemia as determined by the investigator 8. Acceptable organ and marrow function as defined below:
• Absolute neutrophil count > 1,500 cells/μL
• Platelets > 50,000 cells/μL
• Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ≤ 2.5 times ULN. If liver metastases are present, AST/ALT < 5 times ULN
• Serum creatinine < 1.5 mg/dL and a measured creatinine clearance ≥ 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Prothrombin time (PT)/partial thromboplastin time (PTT) ≤ 1.5 times ULN 9. Women of child-bearing potential (defined as a female who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone successful surgical sterilization (hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy) or is not postmenopausal (defined as amenorrhea for at least 12 consecutive months with an appropriate clinical profile at the appropriate age, e.g., greater than 45 years) must have a negative serum pregnancy test prior to first dose of study drug 10. Male and female patients with reproductive potential must agree to use two forms of highly effective contraception throughout the study 11. Phase I combination only: Demonstrated RECIST stable disease through ≥ 4 consecutive cycles of an approved PD-1 or PD-L1 targeted ICI with no Grade ≥ 3 CTCAE events considered by the investigator to be drug-related. 1. Anti-cancer therapy within 4 weeks or < 5 half-lives of the first dose of study drug. 2. Failure to recover to Grade 1 or less from clinically significant AEs due to prior anti-cancer therapy. 3. Known untreated brain metastases or treated brain metastases that have not been stable (scan showing no worsening of central nervous system (CNS) lesion[s] and no requirement of corticosteroids) ≥ 4 weeks prior to study enrollment 4. Baseline prolongation of QT/QTc interval (QTc interval > 470) 5. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness (including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations) that in opinion of the investigator would limit compliance with study requirements 6. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding 7. Phase I combination only: Prior tumor progression through PD-1 or PD-L1 targeted ICI therapy.

Key 1. Age ≥18 years 2. Histologically or cytologically documented Stage I to II NSCLC, with clinical Stage I/II lymph node-negative (T1 to T3N0M0) disease and planned to receive definitive treatment with SBRT. Patients may be medically inoperable or are medically operable and refusing surgery or choosing to have SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy) as definitive therapy 3. Completion of SoC SBRT as definitive treatment prior to randomization 4. World Health Organization (WHO)/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS of 0, 1, or 2 5. Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks 6. Body weight >30 kg 7. Tumor sample required 8. Adequate organ and marrow function required 9. Patients with central or peripheral lesions are eligible 10. Staging studies must be done within 8 weeks before randomization Key 1. Mixed small cell and non-small cell cancer histology 2. History of allogeneic organ transplantation 3. History of another primary malignancy with exceptions 4. History of active primary immunodeficiency 5. Any unresolved toxicity National Cancer Institute (NCI) CTCAE Grade ≥2 from SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy)

• Men or women greater than or equal to 18 years old.
• Pathologically documented, locally-advanced or metastatic malignancy with, KRAS p.G12C mutation identified through molecular testing. Exclusion Criteria
• Active brain metastases from non-brain tumors.
• Myocardial infarction within 6 months of study day 1.
• Gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease causing the inability to take oral medication.

Key
• Completed study drug treatment in parent study (VX18-445-104); or had study drug interruption(s) in parent study but completed study visits up to the last scheduled visit of the Treatment Period in the parent study Key
• History of study drug intolerance in parent study Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply

• Liveborn infants 22 0/7
•28 6/7 weeks gestation or 401
•1000 grams (inclusive) birth weight
• Clinical decision to give surfactant
• Less than or equal to 48 hours postnatal age
• Terminal illness (heart rate < 100 beats per minute, unresponsiveness to resuscitation) or unlikely to survive as judged by the clinician
• Decision to redirect or limit support
• Use of surfactant before enrollment (first dose of surfactant must be study drug)
• Infant received systemic steroids prior to enrollment
• Use of indomethacin, either received by the mother within 24 hours prior to delivery,received by the infant prior to enrollment, or intent to administer to the infant for IVH prophylaxis or PDA management from enrollment up to 7 days of final dose of study drug
• Serious chromosomal abnormalities or major malformations
• Known congenital infections including, but not limited to, confirmed sepsis, congenital CMV, etc.
• Infants with a permanent neuromuscular condition that affects respiration
• Enrollment in a conflicting clinical trial

• Diagnosis of CF.
• Age ≥ 12 years at the Screening Visit.
• Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 70 % predicted at the Screening Visit if < 18 years old, and ≥ 60 % predicted at Screening Visit if ≥ 18 years old.
• Clinically stable with no significant changes in health status within the 7 days prior to and including the Screening Visit.
• Current treatment with elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) for at least the 90 days prior to and including the Screening Visit and willing to continue daily use for the duration of the study.
• Currently taking hypertonic saline (at least 3%) and/or dornase alfa for at least the 90 days prior to and including the Screening Visit and willing to continue daily use for the 2-week screening period.
• Active smoking or vaping.
• Use of an investigational drug within 28 days prior to and including the Screening Visit.
• Changes to chronic therapy (e.g., ibuprofen, azithromycin, inhaled tobramycin, aztreonam lysine) within 28 days prior to and including the Screening Visit. This includes new airway clearance routines.
• Acute use of antibiotics (oral, inhaled or IV) or acute use of systemic corticosteroids for respiratory tract symptoms within 7 days prior to and including the Screening Visit.
• Chronic use of systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent to ≥ 10mg per day of prednisone within 28 days prior to and including the Screening Visit.
• Antibiotic treatment for nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) within 28 days prior to and including the Screening Visit.

Key 1. Diagnosis of IPF as defined by ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines (Raghu 2018) within the past 7 years prior to study participation. 2. HRCT scan at Screening, with ≥10% to <50% parenchymal fibrosis (reticulation) and <25% honeycombing. 3. FVCpp value >45% and <95% 4. Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) percent predicted ≥25% and ≤90% at screening (determined locally). 5. Not currently receiving treatment for IPF with an approved therapy (i.e., pirfenidone or nintedanib) for any reason, including prior intolerance to an approved IPF therapy. Key 1. Previous exposure to pamrevlumab. 2. Evidence of significant obstructive lung disease. 3. Female subjects who are pregnant or nursing. 4. Smoking within 3 months of Screening and/or unwilling to avoid smoking throughout the study. 5. Interstitial lung disease other than IPF. 6. Sustained improvement in the severity of IPF. 7. Other types of respiratory diseases including diseases of the airways, lung parenchyma, pleural space, mediastinum, diaphragm, or chest wall. 8. Certain medical conditions, including recent (e.g. MI/stroke, or severe chronic heart failure or pulmonary hypertension, or cancers. 9. Acute IPF exacerbation during Screening or Randomization. 10. Recent use of any investigational drugs or unapproved therapies, or approved or participation in any clinical trial. 11. History of allergic or anaphylactic reaction to human, humanized, chimeric or murine monoclonal antibodies.

1. Male or female subjects at least 18 years of age. 2. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. 3. Histological or biopsy proven NSCLC. 4. ECOG performance status of 0-3. 5. Node negative (T1 to T3N0M0), centrally located (within 2cm in all directions around the proximal bronchial tree, including ultra-central tumors, abutting the bronchial tree or trachea) or large (>1-7cm) Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC), judged acceptable for SBRT by the treating Investigator 6. Adequate end-organ function, based on routine clinical and laboratory workup: 1. ANC >1,000 cells/µl, Platelets ≥ 75,000 cells/µl, Hemoglobin ≥ 7.0 g/dl 2. Serum creatinine ≤ 2 x ULN or calculated creatinine clearance ≥ 30 ml/min 3. Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN (or direct bilirubin below the ULN), AST and ALT ≤ 2.5 x ULN 7. Males and females of must agree to use effective contraception starting prior to the first day of treatment and continuing after the last dose of GC4711/Placebo for 30 days (females) and 90 days (males). 1. Subjects with confirmed nodal and/or distant disease(including brain), according standard workup by local investigator 2. Subjects with peripheral lesions 1cm or smaller 3. Prior treatment with immunotherapy within 3 months prior to Day 1 dosing. 4. Prior intra-thoracic radiotherapy or surgery with substantial overlap to planned radiation fields as determined by the treating radiation oncologist. 5. Subjects not recovered/controlled from prior treatment-related (chemotherapy or targeted therapy) toxicities judged by treating physician. 6. Uncontrolled malignancy other than lung cancer that requires active treatment or is deemed by the treating physicians to be likely to affect the subject's survival duration. 7. History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to GC4711. 8. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements. 9. Participation in other clinical trials actively testing new anti-cancer treatments, unless previously written approval is provided by the Sponsor. 10. Requirement for concurrent treatment with nitrates or other drugs that may, in the judgment of the treating investigator, create a risk for a precipitous decrease in blood pressure. 11. Female subjects who are pregnant or breastfeeding. 12. Any other conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, might indicate the subject to be unsuitable for the study.

• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IV non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer
• Patients must either have tumors that harbor an EGFR mutation in exon 19 or exon 21, or must be never smoker wild-types. Never smoker wild-types are defined as patients with tumors without an ALK or ROS1 rearrangement, and are not harboring any EGFR mutation (this includes exons 19 or 21, exon 20, and any other rare EGFR mutations). Never smoker wild-type patients must have smoked less than 100 cigarettes in a lifetime. Patients with an EGFR mutation in exon 19 or 21 may be included irrespective of their smoking history. If tissue-based testing for EGFR mutation status is not available, blood-based EGFR testing that confirms presence of a mutation in exon 19 or 21 is acceptable, and these patients may be included in the study
• Patients must have measurable disease by CT or MRI, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension in accordance with RECIST criteria v 1.1
• Patients with tumors that harbor an EGFR exon 19 or exon 21 mutation must have received prior treatments with one or more TKIs. A washout period of at least 2 weeks is required to begin treatment in this trial. Patients who are never smoker wild-types must be treatment naïve
• All patients must be chemotherapy, VEGF therapy, and immunotherapy naive, with the exception of prior oral TKIs which are required for EGFR mutated patients. The number of prior oral TKIs and duration of use is neither specified nor limited.
• Patients with a history of treated asymptomatic CNS metastases are eligible, provided they meet all of the following criteria:
• Only supratentorial and cerebellar metastases allowed (i.e., no metastases to midbrain, pons, medulla or spinal cord)
• No ongoing requirement for corticosteroids as therapy for CNS disease
• No stereotactic radiation within 7 days or whole-brain radiation within 14 days prior to randomization
• No evidence of interim progression between the completion of CNS-directed therapy and the screening radiographic study Patients with new asymptomatic CNS metastases detected at the screening scan must receive radiation therapy and/or surgery for CNS metastases. Following treatment, these patients may then be eligible without the need for an additional brain scan prior to randomization, if all other criteria are met
• Age > 18 years
• ECOG performance status 0 or 1
• Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below. The use of G-CSF should follow standard recommendations and physician discretion. If blood transfusion is performed for achieving hemoglobin levels, the levels should stay at ≥ 9.0 mg/ml for at least a week after transfusion. Absolute neutrophil count > 1,500/mcL Hemoglobin ≥ 9.0 mg/ml Platelets > 100,000/mcL Total bilirubin ≤1.5 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) AST/ALT (SGOT/SGPT) < 3 times institutional normal limits, or up to 5 times institutional normal limits if the patient has liver metastases Creatinine OR Creatinine clearance ≤1.5 X ULN, OR > 40 Ml/min/1.73 m2 for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal as per Cockcroft-Gault formula International Normalized Ratio (INR) or Prothrombin Time (PT) ≤1.5 X ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) <1.5 X ULN unless subject is receiving anticoagulant therapy as long as PT or PTT is within therapeutic range of intended use of anticoagulants Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Within normal limits a a: If TSH is not within normal limits at baseline, the subject will still be eligible if total T3 or free T4 are within normal limits.
• Patients on full-dose anticoagulation must be on a stable dose (minimum duration 14 days) of oral anticoagulant or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH). If receiving warfarin, the patient must have an INR ≤3.0. For heparin and LMWH there should be no clinically significant active bleeding (with no bleeding within 14 days prior to first dose of protocol therapy) or pathological condition present that carries a high risk of bleeding (for example, tumor involving major vessels or known varices).
• Ability to understand and willingness to sign a written informed consent and HIPAA consent document.
• A core biopsy must be available for the study. The biopsy sample must be adequate for analyses. If the sample is not adequate, the patient must agree to provide a fresh biopsy specimen before the start of treatment. Any available archival tissue will also be collected.
• Urinary protein must be ≤1+ on dipstick or routine urinalysis (UA; if urine dipstick or routine analysis is ≥2+, a 24 hour urine collection for protein must demonstrate <1000 mg of protein in 24 hours to allow participation in the protocol).
• Female subjects of child-bearing potential must be willing to use an effective method of contraception, for the course of the study through at least 6 months after the last dose of study medication.
• Male patients who have WOCBP partners must agree to use effective method of contraception for the course of the study through 8 months after the last dose of study medication.
• Note: Abstinence is acceptable if this is the usual lifestyle and preferred contraception for the subject.
• Patients currently receiving any other investigational agents, immunomodulatory agents, chemotherapy, or TKIs. EGFR mutation-positive patients must have received prior TKI treatment
• The patient has experienced any Grade 3-4 GI bleeding within 3 months prior to first dose of protocol therapy.
• The patient has a history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or any other significant thromboembolism (venous port or catheter thrombosis or superficial venous thrombosis are not considered "significant") during the 3 months prior to the first dose of protocol therapy.
• Subjects with untreated CNS metastases are excluded, even if they are asymptomatic. Patients with treated brain metastases will be allowed if brain imaging obtained within 28 days of trial enrollment reveals stable disease.
• Cirrhosis at a level of Child-Pugh B or worse, or cirrhosis of any degree and a history of hepatic encephalopathy, or clinically meaningful ascites resulting from cirrhosis. Clinically meaningful ascites is defined as ascites from cirrhosis requiring diuretics or paracentesis.
• The patient has experienced any arterial thromboembolic events, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, or unstable angina, within 6 months prior to first dose of protocol therapy.
• The patient has uncontrolled or poorly-controlled hypertension (>150 mmHg systolic or > 100 mmHg diastolic for >4 weeks) despite standard medical management
• Prior history of hypertensive crisis or hypertensive encephalopathy
• Significant vascular disease (e.g., aortic aneurysm requiring surgical repair or recent peripheral arterial thrombosis) within 6 months prior to randomization
• Evidence of bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy (in the absence of therapeutic anticoagulation)
• History of abdominal or tracheosphageal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation within 6 months prior to randomization
• Clinical signs of gastrointestinal obstruction or requirement for routine parenteral hydration, parenteral nutrition, or tube feeding
• Evidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedure
• Serious, non-healing wound, active ulcer, or untreated bone fracture within 28 days prior to first dose of protocol therapy
• Subjects with a history of smoking greater than a 100 cigarettes in a lifetime, unless their tumor has an EGFR exon 19 or exon 21 mutation.
• Patients with active, suspected, or known autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past one year (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Hormone replacement therapy (e.g. thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment.
• Patients with a history of hemoptysis (defined as bright red blood or ≥1/2 teaspoons) within 1 month prior to first dose of protocol therapy or with radiographic evidence of major blood vessel invasion or encasement by cancer.
• The patient has undergone major surgery within 28 days prior to first dose of study treatment, or minor surgery/ subcutaneous venous access device placement within 7 days prior to first dose of protocol therapy. The patient has elective or planned major surgery to be performed during the course of the clinical trial.
• The patient is receiving chronic anti-platelet therapy other than aspirin, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, naproxen, and others), dipyridamole or clopidogrel, or similar agents. Once-daily aspirin use (maximum dose 325 mg/day) is permitted. Occasional use of NSAIDs is allowed (for example daily use for less than a week; treating physician discretion is permitted to differentiate between occasional vs chronic use)
• Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to agents administered earlier except neuropathy and alopecia. Physician's discretion is allowed to decide which unresolved adverse events from previous therapy (for NSCLC) prohibit patient participation in this study.
• Patients requiring more than 10 mg prednisolone (or its equivalent) per day are excluded.
• Patients with any evidence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) or pneumonitis or a prior history of ILD or pneumonitis requiring oral or IV glucocorticoids. History of radiation pneumonitis in the radiation field (fibrosis) is permitted
• Patients with active tuberculosis infection are excluded.
• Patients who have received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to cycle 1 Day 1.
• Uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia (significant), cirrhosis, or psychiatric illness/ social situations that would limit compliance with the study requirements.
• Known history of testing positive for immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• Known history of chronic hepatitis B virus infection or chronic hepatitis C virus indicating chronic infection that is not cured.
• Subjects with previous malignancies (except non-melanoma skin cancers, and in situ cancers, such as, bladder, gastric, colon, cervical/ dysplasia, melanoma, or breast) are excluded unless a complete remission was achieved at least 2 years prior to study registration and no additional therapy is required or anticipated to be required during the study period.
• Leptomeningeal disease
• Uncontrolled tumor-related pain Patients requiring pain medication must be on a stable regimen at study entry. Symptomatic lesions amenable to palliative radiotherapy (e.g., bone metastases or metastases causing nerve impingement) should be treated prior to randomization. Patients should be recovered from the effects of radiation. There is no required minimum recovery period. Asymptomatic metastatic lesions whose further growth would likely cause functional deficits or intractable pain (e.g., epidural metastasis that is not currently associated with spinal cord compression) should be considered for locoregional therapy, if appropriate, prior to randomization.
• Uncontrolled pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, or ascites requiring recurrent drainage procedures (once monthly or more frequently). Patients with indwelling catheters (e.g., PleurX®) are allowed.
• Ca > 12 mg/dl or corrected serum calcium > ULN Patients who are receiving denosumab prior to randomization must be willing and eligible to receive a bisphosphonate instead while in the study
• Pregnant or breast feeding
• Prior allogeneic bone marrow transplantation or solid organ transplant
• Known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or any of the study drugs.
• Clear tumor infiltration into the thoracic great vessels is seen on imaging
• Clear cavitation of pulmonary lesions is seen on imaging
• Subjects with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
• Subjects with a lung tumor with a known ALK or ROS1 rearrangement or an EGFR mutation other than in exon 19 or exon 21.

• Patients must have biopsy-proven metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and eligible for receipt of immunotherapy Patients can present with either de novo metastatic disease or recurrent disease Patients must have at least one (1) symptomatic or progressive metastatic sites with no more than 10 metastatic sites, based on standard imaging studies Patients cannot have received any prior radiation therapy or surgery to the intended radiation treatment area (index lesion) Patients with brain metastases may be enrolled if all lesions are treated with radiation therapy or surgery prior to start of protocol therapy Metastases in major lower extremity weight-bearing bones or spine should undergo surgical stabilization if indicated Age greater than or equal to 18 years. Both men and women and members of all races and ethnic groups will be included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status 0 to 2 (Appendix A) Adequate normal organ and bone marrow function as defined by:
• Haemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.0 × 109 /L
• Platelet count ≥75 × 109/L
• Serum bilirubin ≤1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN). This will not apply to patients with confirmed Gilbert's syndrome (persistent or recurrent hyperbilirubinemia that is predominantly unconjugated in the absence of hemolysis or hepatic pathology), who will be allowed only in consultation with their physician.
• AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) ≤2.5X institutional upper limit of normal unless liver metastases are present, in which case it must be ≤5X ULN
• Measured creatinine clearance (CL) >40 mL/min or Calculated creatinine CL>40 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (Cockcroft and Gault 1976) or by 24-hour urine collection for determination of creatinine clearance: Males: Creatinine CL (mL/min) = Weight (kg) x (140
•Age) 72 x serum creatinine (mg/dL) Females: Creatinine CL (mL/min) = Weight (kg) x (140
•Age) x 0.85 72 x serum creatinine (mg/dL) All men, as well as women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 90 days following completion of therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. Medically accepted forms of birth control include male condoms plus spermicide, diaphragm, cervical cap, the placement of a Copper T intrauterine device (IUD), birth control pills, Levonorgesterel-releasing intrauterine system (IUS), hormone implants or injections, or combined pill, minipill patch, or a partner who has undergone a vasectomy (surgical sterility). A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
• Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
• Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months). Life expectancy greater than six (6) months Body weight greater than 30 kg Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and in this protocol. Written informed consent and any locally required authorization (e.g., Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act in the US, European Union [EU] Data Privacy Directive in the EU) obtained from the patient/legal representative prior to performing any protocol-related procedures, including screening evaluations. Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study including undergoing treatment and scheduled visits and examinations including follow up.
• Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders (including inflammatory bowel disease [e.g., colitis or Crohn's disease], diverticulitis [with the exception of diverticulosis], systemic lupus erythematosus, Sarcoidosis syndrome, or Wegener syndrome [granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypophysitis, uveitis, etc]). The following are exceptions to this criterion:
• Patients with vitiligo or alopecia
• Patients with hypothyroidism (e.g., following Hashimoto syndrome) stable on hormone replacement
• Any chronic skin condition that does not require systemic therapy
• Patients without active disease in the last 5 years may be included but only after consultation with the study physician
• Patients with celiac disease controlled by diet alone Administration of two or more lines of systemic therapy for the diagnosis of metastatic lung cancer • Prior receipt of systemic therapy for the management of high-risk early stage or locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer, prior to the development of metastatic disease, would not count towards the number of receipt of systemic therapy Subjects may not be receiving any other investigational agents for the treatment of the cancer under study. Patients with untreated brain metastases Patients with progressive metastatic disease involving the skin or subcutaneous tissues, esophagus, stomach, intestines, or mesenteric lymph nodes that are felt to be too high risk to treat with radiation therapy to protocol dose. Patients cannot have pathologic fracture at the evaluated site Patients cannot have untreated spinal cord compression History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to durvalumab or other agents used in study Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements Subjects must not be pregnant or nursing due to the potential for congenital abnormalities and the potential of this regimen to harm nursing infants Male or female patients of reproductive potential who are not willing to employ effective birth control from screening to 90 days after the last dose of durvalumab monotherapy Participation in another clinical study with an investigational product during the last 3 months Concurrent enrolment in another clinical study, unless it is an observational (non-interventional) clinical study or during the follow-up period of an interventional study Receipt of the last dose of anticancer therapy (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, endocrine therapy, targeted therapy, biologic therapy, tumor embolization, monoclonal antibodies) ≤7 days prior to the first dose of study drug If sufficient wash-out time has not occurred due to the schedule or PK properties of an agent, a longer wash-out period will be required, as agreed by AstraZeneca/MedImmune and the investigator Any unresolved toxicity NCI CTCAE Grade ≥2 from previous anticancer therapy with the exception of alopecia, vitiligo, and the laboratory values defined in the inclusion criteria:
• Patients with Grade ≥2 neuropathy will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis after consultation with the Study Physician.
• Patients with irreversible toxicity not reasonably expected to be exacerbated by treatment with durvalumab may be included only after consultation with the Study Physician. Any concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic, or hormonal therapy for cancer treatment. Concurrent use of hormonal therapy for non-cancer-related conditions (e.g., hormone replacement therapy) is acceptable. Major surgical procedure (as defined by the Investigator) within 28 days prior to the first dose of immunotherapy. Note: Local surgery of isolated lesions for palliative intent is acceptable History of allogenic organ transplantation History of another primary malignancy except for:
• Malignancy treated with curative intent and with no known active disease ≥5 years before the first dose of immunotherapy and of low potential risk for recurrence
• Adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or lentigo malignant without evidence of disease
• Adequately treated carcinoma in situ without evidence of disease History of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis History of active primary immunodeficiency Active infection including tuberculosis (clinical evaluation that includes clinical history, physical examination and radiographic findings, and TB testing in line with local practice), hepatitis B (known positive HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) result), hepatitis C. Patients with a past or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible. Patients positive for hepatitis C (HCV) antibody are eligible only if polymerase chain reaction is negative for HCV RNA Current or prior use of immunosuppressive medication within 14 days before the first dose of durvalumab. The following are exceptions to this criterion:
• Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids, or local steroid injections (e.g., intra articular injection)
• Systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses not to exceed 10 mg/day of prednisone or its equivalent
• Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., CT scan premedication) Receipt of live attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of immunotherapy. Other forms of vaccines, such as mRNA, recombinant protein, and non-replicating vector-based vaccines, are permitted. Note: Patients, if enrolled, should not receive live vaccine whilst receiving immunotherapy and up to 30 days after the last dose of immunotherapy Receipt of any medications listed below: Patients on this study should not be on any targeted systemic therapies such as those directed at EGFR mutations, ALK or ROS1 gene rearrangements, BRAF V600E mutation, or NTRK gene fusions. Other anti-cancer treatments are also not allowed on the study and are listed below. Supportive medications may be given at any point during treatment at the discretion of the treating physician, such as anti-emetics, pain medications, anti-diarrheals, nutritional supplementations, and anti-depressants. Anti-oxidant medications in excess of daily recommended values are not allowed.
• Any investigational anticancer therapy other than those under investigation in this study should not be given concomitantly whilst the patient is on study treatment.
• mAbs against CTLA-4, PD-1, or PD-L1 other than those under investigation in this study should not be given concomitantly whilst the patient is on study treatment.
• Any concurrent chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic, or hormonal therapy for cancer treatment other than those under investigation in this study should not be given concomitantly whilst the patient is on study treatment. (Concurrent use of hormones for non-cancer-related conditions [e.g., insulin for diabetes and hormone replacement therapy] is acceptable. Local treatment of isolated lesions, excluding target lesions, for palliative intent is acceptable [e.g., by local surgery or radiotherapy])
• Immunosuppressive medications including, but not limited to, systemic corticosteroids at doses exceeding 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent, methotrexate, azathioprine, and tumor necrosis factor-α blockers should not be given concomitantly, or used for premedication prior to the IO infusions. The following are allowed exceptions:
• Use of immunosuppressive medications for the management of IP-related AEs,
• Use in patients with contrast allergies.
• In addition, use of inhaled, topical, and intranasal corticosteroids is permitted. A temporary period of steroids will be allowed if clinically indicated and considered to be essential for the management of non-immunotherapy related events experienced by the patient (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, radiation, nausea, etc.).
• EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) should not be given concomitantly, and should be used with caution in the 90 days post last dose of durvalumab.
• Live attenuated vaccines should not be given through 30 days after the last dose of IP (including SoC)
• Herbal and natural remedies which may have immune-modulating effects should not be given concomitantly unless agreed by the sponsor

• Be male at any age.
• Be scheduled to undergo surgery, chemotherapy, drug treatment and/or radiation for the treatment or prevention of a medical condition or malignancy with risk of causing permanent and complete loss of subsequent testicular function.
• Or, have a medical condition or malignancy that requires removal of all or part of one or both testicles.
• Have newly diagnosed or recurrent disease. Those who were not enrolled at the time of initial diagnosis (i.e., patients with recurrent disease) are eligible if they have not previously received therapy that is viewed as likely to result in complete and permanent loss of testicular function.
• Have two testicles if undergoing elective removal of all or part of a testicle for fertility preservation only. Note: removal of both testicles will limit fertility preservation options.
• Sign an approved informed consent and authorization permitting the release of personal health information. The patient and/or the patient's legally authorized guardian must acknowledge in writing that consent for specimen collection has been obtained, in accordance with institutional policies approved by the U.S. Department of Health and
• Consent for serum screening tests for infectious diseases [HIV-1, HIV-2, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C], to be performed at the time of testicular tissue harvesting.
• Undergo a full history and physical examination and obtain standard pre-operative clearance (based on the most recent ACC/AHA Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation for Noncardiac Surgery) as determined by their primary surgeon.
• Participating in long term follow-up is a requirement of the protocol.
• Diagnosed with psychological, psychiatric, or other conditions which prevent giving fully informed consent.
• Diagnosed with an underlying medical condition that significantly increases their risk of complications from anesthesia and surgery.

• Any patient of the Children's Medical Center CCBD
• 5-12 years of age
• Patient requiring their port accessed twice or more within a 6 months period
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria
• Subjects younger than 5 and older than 12
• Patients requiring recovery in PICU or sites other than PACU
• If parents or subject is not willing to participate
• Subjects with severe developmental delays and subjects with developmental challenges preventing them from keeping the VR device on are also excluded
• Patients who will not be in CCBD for port access at least twice in 6 months

• Males or females age > 120 days and < 22 years at any participating site
• Have at least one of the following conditions associated with a known high incidence of IMI: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), aplastic anemia, or hematologic malignancy
• New (last 96 hours) radiographic evidence of at least one of the following: at least one nodular lesion greater than or equal to 5 mm in size, a cavitary lesion, a lesion with a halo sign, a lesion with a reverse halo sign, or a lesion with an air crescent sign
• Prolonged neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 500 cells/µl for a period of ≥ 5 consecutive days) in 30 days prior to qualifying chest MRI or CT scan date OR currently receiving systemic therapy for acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) on the date of the qualifying chest MRI or CT scan
• Subject consent or parental/guardian permission (informed consent) and if appropriate, child assent
• Weight <3 kg, so as to not exceed 3 ml/kg in a single blood draw
• Previous inclusion in this study

1. Written informed consent obtained from subject or subject's legal representative 2. Be willing and able to adhere to the study visit schedule and other protocol requirements 3. Greater than or equal to 18 years of age at Visit 1 4. Documentation of a CF diagnosis as evidenced by one or more clinical features consistent with the CF phenotype and one or more of the following criteria:
• Sweat chloride ≥ 60 milliequivalent (mEq)/liter by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test (QPIT)
• Two well-characterized mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene
• Abnormal nasal potential difference (NPD) (change in NPD in response to a low chloride solution and isoproteronol of less than -5 mV) 5. Documentation of NTM culture positive defined as follows:
• Two positive NTM culture results from sputum (or BAL) at least 28 days apart (these are the two qualifying positive cultures)
• Both qualifying positive culture results include M. avium complex, M. abscessus complex, or both M. avium and M. abscessus
• Both qualifying positive culture results include the same species or subspecies
• No cultures negative for NTM since the first of the two qualifying positive culture results 6. Current NTM species or subspecies has never been treated or previous treatment was associated with clearance of NTM and completed > 2 years prior to Day 1 7. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 25 % of predicted value at Screening 8. Able to expectorate sputum 9. Clinically stable with no significant changes in health status within 7 days prior to Day 1 10. Enrolled in the CFF Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR) 11. Willing to discontinue chronic azithromycin use for the duration of the study 1. Any of the following abnormal lab values at screening:
• Hemoglobin <10g/dL
• Platelets <100,000/mm3
• White blood cells (WBC) < 4,500/mm3
• Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥3 x upper limit of normal
• Serum creatinine > 2.0 mg/dl and ≥1.5 x upper limit of normal
• Ionized calcium ≤ lower limit of normal (only performed if total calcium is ≤ lower limit of normal) 2. History of solid organ or hematological transplantation 3. Use of bisphosphonates within 7 days prior to Day 1 4. Known sensitivity to gallium 5. Use of any investigational drug and/or participated in any interventional clinical trial within 28 days prior to Day 1 6. In the opinion of the Investigator, features of active NTM disease are present (e.g., clinical worsening is likely due to NTM disease despite definitive treatment of co-pathogens and/or acute exacerbations) 7. Undergoing treatment for NTM disease or anticipate beginning treatment within 3 months 8. Current diagnosis of osteoporosis 9. For people of childbearing potential:
• Positive pregnancy test at Visit 1 or
• Lactating or
• Unwilling to practice a medically acceptable form of contraception (acceptable forms of contraception: abstinence, hormonal birth control, intrauterine device, or barrier method plus a spermicidal agent), unless surgically sterilized or postmenopausal during the study 10. For people able to father a child: unwilling to use adequate contraception (as determined by the investigator) during the study 11. Has any other condition that, in the opinion of the Site Investigator/designee, would preclude informed consent or assent, make study participation unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives 12. New initiation of chronic therapy (greater than 21 days) within 28 days prior to the Enrollment Visit

• Age ≥ 18 years.
• Informed consent by the patient or the patient's legally authorized representative (LAR) for up to 4 fingersticks for POC testing and a blood draw for stored blood samples.
• SARS-CoV-2 infection, documented by a nucleic acid test (NAT) or equivalent testing within 3 days prior to consent OR documented by NAT or equivalent testing more than 3 days prior to consent AND progressive disease suggestive of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection per the responsible investigator. (For non-NAT tests, only those deemed with equivalent specificity to NAT by the protocol team will be allowed. A central list of allowed non-NAT tests is maintained for TICO and that list will also be used for this protocol.)
• Duration of symptoms attributable to COVID-19 ≤ 12 days per the responsible investigator.
• Requiring admission for inpatient hospital acute medical care for clinical manifestations of COVID-19, per the responsible investigator, and NOT for purely public health or quarantine purposes.
• Prior receipt of SARS-CoV-2 hIVIG, convalescent plasma from a person who recovered from COVID-19, or SARS-CoV-2 nMAb within 6 months of the blood draws for testing as part of this protocol.
• Disease severity beyond that of stratum 1 in the TICO trial. This includes the following conditions: 1. stroke 2. meningitis 3. encephalitis 4. myelitis 5. myocardial infarction 6. myocarditis 7. pericarditis 8. symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF; New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III-IV) 9. arterial or deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism
• Current requirement for any of the following: 1. high-flow supplemental oxygen 2. non-invasive ventilation 3. invasive mechanical ventilation 4. extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 5. mechanical circulatory support 6. vasopressor therapy 7. commencement of renal replacement therapy at this admission (i.e., not patients on chronic renal replacement therapy).
• In the opinion of the responsible investigator, any condition for which, participation would not be in the best interest of the participant or that could limit protocol specified assessments.

• Male and female cystic fibrosis patients
• Must be greater than or equal to 18 years of age.
• All subjects must understand and sign the informed consent.
• Subjects must have the ability to read and write in English.
• Female subjects starting this study must be willing to use a double barrier method of birth control (such as condom or diaphragm) used with a spermicide (a substance that kills sperm), while participating in the study. Exclusion Criteria for Main Study:
• Women who are pregnant, breast feeding, or who have had an oophorectomy.
• Women who have received a hormone contraceptive injection (such as Depo Provera) within the last 3 months. Exclusion Criteria for Substudy:
• Men
• Women who have a history of breast cancer, abnormal vaginal bleeding, liver disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, or have had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clot within the past year, due to a possible reaction to Loestrin.
• Women who currently smoke cigarettes, due to the increased risk of serious cardiovascular events with Loestrin use.

• Age -- Age ≤ 30 years at time of initial qualifying solid tumor diagnosis
• Diagnosis -- Histologic diagnosis of solid malignancy (excluding brain tumors and lymphoma) that meets at least one of the following criteria:
• Refractory, defined as tumor progression after initiation of standard first line therapy without having achieved a prior partial or complete remission OR Biopsy proven residual disease at the completion of planned standard initial front-line therapy.
• Recurrent, defined as tumor progression after achieving a prior partial or complete remission
• Newly diagnosed high risk disease, defined as having an expected event free survival of < 50% at 2 years.
• Lacks definitive diagnosis or classical genomic findings after histologic review and standard molecular testing (rare tumor group).
• Examples include (eligibility not limited to these examples):
• Histology typically associated with a fusion in which fusion is not detected.
• Ewing-like sarcoma
• Undifferentiated sarcoma
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor without ALK fusion
• Infantile fibrosarcoma without NTRK fusion
• Specimen Samples
• Sufficient tumor specimen available to meet the minimum requirements for profiling from diagnosis or progression / recurrence --- OR
• Surgery / biopsy planned as part of clinical care that is anticipated to yield sufficient material to meet the minimum requirements for profiling; OR
• Patient has already had molecular profiling and patient has not yet started matched targeted therapy based on the report .
• No Therapy Planned -- Patients who have declined further anticancer therapy will be excluded.
• Performance Status -- Patients with Lansky (age < 16 years) or Karnofsky (age ≥16 years) score < 50 will be excluded.
• Life Expectancy -- Patients with anticipated life expectancy < 3 months will be excluded.

Patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) as a result of injuries resulting from penetrating or non-penetrating trauma who are intubated and receiving invasive mechanical ventilation who also have one or more of the following: 1. Traumatic brain injury 2. > 1 long bone fractures 3. Shock on arrival in the Emergency Department (systolic BP < 90 mmHg) 4. Lung contusion 5. Receipt of > 6 units of blood 1. Inability to obtain consent from the patient or his/her legally authorized representative (LAR) 2. Unwillingness of the treating physician to use sigh ventilation as all treating physicians must have equipoise with respect to the intervention 3. Age limitations per Institutional Review Board regulations 4. Undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for > 24 hours, excluding any time during which the patient was being ventilated in the operating room, CT or IR, as this could represent too long a delay in instituting the intervention for it to have a chance of being effective 5. Presence of malignancy or other irreversible disease or condition for which the six month mortality is estimated to exceed 50% (e.g., chronic liver disease with a Child-Pugh Score of 10-15, malignancy refractory to treatment) as this could affect the clinical course and cloud interpretation of the endpoints 6. Women who are pregnant (negative pregnancy tests required on women of child-bearing age) per Human Subjects regulations 7. Prisoners, per Human Subjects regulations 8. Neurological condition that could impair spontaneous ventilation (e.g., C5 or higher spinal cord injury as this could affect the clinical course and cloud interpretation of the ventilator-free day endpoint 9. Lack of availability of Dräger Evita Infinity V500 ventilator as this is the only ventilator capable of delivering sigh breaths as described in the protocol 10. Burns > 40% of body surface area as this could affect the clinical course and cloud interpretation of the endpoints 11. Treating physicians being unwilling to use low VT ventilation strategy when ARDS is diagnosed as low VT ventilation is now considered standard of care for patients with ARDS. 12. Moribund, not expected to survive 24 hours as this could affect the clinical course and cloud interpretation of the endpoints13. Treating physician's decision to use airway pressure release ventilation (APRV). 13. Patient not expected to require mechanical ventilation > 24 hours (e.g., intubated for alcohol intoxication rather than pulmonary problem).

1. Male or female ≥ 2 and ≤ 45 years of age at the Screening Visit. 2. Documentation of a CF diagnosis as evidenced by one or more clinical features consistent with the CF phenotype and one or more of the following criteria: 1. sweat chloride ≥ 60 milliequivalents/liter by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test (QPIT) 2. two well-characterized mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductive regulator (CFTR) gene 3. abnormal nasal potential difference(NPD) (change in NPD in response to a low chloride solution and isoproteronol of less than -5 mV) 3. First OR early MRSA colonization defined as: 1. First MRSA colonization: first documented isolation of MRSA from respiratory tract occurred ≤ 6 months prior to screening 2. Early MRSA colonization: MRSA was previously isolated from the respiratory tract ≤ 2 times over the past 3.5 years, but this was followed by at least 1 year of documented negative cultures for MRSA 4. MRSA is available to the central laboratory
•either the incident MRSA isolate from the clinic visit or the subject is MRSA positive at the screening visit 5. Clinically stable with no significant changes in health status within the 14 days prior to screening 6. Written informed consent (and assent when applicable) obtained from subject or subject's legal representative and ability for subject to comply with the requirements of the study 1. Received antibiotics with activity against MRSA within 28 days prior to screening 2. Use of an investigational agent within 28 days prior to screening 3. For subjects ≥ 6 years of age: FEV1 at screening < 25% of predicted for age based on the Wang (males < 18 years, females < 16 years) or Hankinson (males ≥ 18 years, females ≥ 16 years) standardized equations 4. MRSA from the screening culture or the most recent clinical care visit within 6 months prior to screening resistant to TMP/SMX 5. History of intolerance to topical chlorhexidine or mupirocin 6. History of intolerance to both TMP/SMX and minocycline 7. < 8 years of age and allergic or intolerant to TMP/SMX 8. ≥ 8 years of age and allergic or intolerant to TMP/SMX and MRSA isolate (from screening or clinical care visit)is resistant to minocycline 9. For females of child bearing potential: pregnant, breastfeeding, or unwilling to use barrier contraception through Day 42 of the study 10. Subjects with history of abnormal renal function will need screening labs showing normal function Abnormal renal function is defined as estimated creatinine clearance <50 mL/min using the: 1. Bedside Schwartz Equation for subjects <18 years of age, and 2. Levey Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Equation for subjects ≥ 18 years of age. 11. Subjects with a history of abnormal liver function will need to have screening labs showing normal transaminases. Liver dysfunction is defined as ≥3x upper limit of normal (ULN), of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) or serum alanine transaminase (ALT) or abnormal synthetic function 12. History of solid organ or hematological transplantation 13. Presence of a condition or abnormality that in the opinion of the Investigator would compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the data.

Inclusion criteria:
• A high resolution CT scan performed in the 6 months prior to screening associated with one of the following conditions and confirmed using guidelines, as per American Thoracic Society (ATS) / European Respiratory Society (ERS) / Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) / Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT):
• Major IIPs (idiopathic interstitial pneumonias) diagnosis or suspected as one of the following:
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
• Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease
• Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
• Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
• Acute interstitial pneumonia
• Rare IIPs diagnosis by one of the following:
• Idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
• Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
• Unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
• Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis
• Occupational lung disease
• Connective Tissue Disease associated with IPF (CTD-ILD)
• Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF)
• Have been using oxygen therapy by nasal cannula for at least 4 weeks (including use limited to exertion)
• 6MWD ≥ 100 meters and ≤ 400 meters at screening and Baseline/Randomization visits.
• World Health Organization (WHO) Functional Class II-IV
• Forced Vital Capacity ≥ 40% predicted within the 60 day Screening period
• Age between 18 and 80 years (inclusive) at screening Exclusion criteria:
• For women of child-bearing potential: Pregnant or breastfeeding females at Screening, or planning to get pregnant, or unwilling to use appropriate contraception if sexually active to avoid pregnancy during the study and for at least 30 days after discontinuation of the study drug.
• Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; systolic heart failure) with an ejection fraction of < 40%; or severe HF with preserved EF (HFpEF; diastolic HF)
• History of sarcoidosis
• History of chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH; WHO group 4 PH)
• Smoking within 3 months of Screening and/or unwilling to avoid smoking throughout the study
• Body mass index (BMI) >40 kg/m2 at screening
• Intermittent uncontrolled atrial fibrillation, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator
• Known severe hepatic impairment, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator
• Known severe renal impairment (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKDEPI) 2009 equation [Levy 2009] calculated creatinine clearance <30 ml/min) at screening

1. At least 18 years of age. 2. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent form indicating that the subject has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study prior to initiation of any study-related procedures. 3. Subjects who are willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other study procedures 4. Primary diagnosis of symptomatic PAH. 5. Has had a right heart catheterization (RHC) performed at or within 3 years prior to Screening (RHC will be performed during Screening if not available) that is consistent with the diagnosis of PAH. 6. Has WHO/ NYHA functional class II to IV symptoms. 7. If on PAH-specific background oral therapy, subject is on stable therapy with either an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA) and/or a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5-I) or a soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator. Subjects may be naïve to PAH-specific treatment. 8. Has a 6MWD of ≥150 meters. 9. If taking concomitant medications that may affect the clinical manifestations of PAH (eg, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, digoxin, or L arginine supplementation, beta blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, or angiotensin II receptor blockers), must be on a stable dose for at least 30 days prior to the Baseline Visit and the dosage maintained throughout the study. The exception is that the dose of diuretics must be stable for at least the 10 days prior to Baseline. 10. Both male and female subjects agree to use a highly effective method of birth control throughout the entire study period from informed consent through to the 30-Day Follow-up Visit, if the possibility of conception exists. Eligible male and female subjects must also agree not to participate in a conception process during the study and for 30 days after the last dose of IMP. Eligible male subjects must agree not to participate in sperm donation for 90 days after the last dose of IMP. 1. For subjects with known HIV-associated PAH, a cluster designation 4 (CD4+) T-cell count <200/mm3 within 90 days of Baseline. 2. Must not have 3 or more left ventricular dysfunction risk factors as defined in the study protocol. 3. Has evidence of more than mild lung disease on pulmonary function tests performed within 180 days prior to, or during Screening. 4. Has evidence of thromboembolic disease as determined by a V/Q lung scan or local standard of care diagnostic evaluation at or after diagnosis of PAH. 5. Current diagnosis of ongoing and clinically significant sleep apnea as defined by the Investigator. 6. Male subjects with a corrected QT interval using Fridericia's formula (QTcF) >450 msec and female subjects with a QTcF >470 msec on ECG recorded at Screening and analyzed by the central ECG laboratory. Subjects with evidence of intraventricular conduction delay, defined as a QRS interval greater than 110 msec, will be excluded if the QTcF is >500 msec for both males and females. 7. Severe chronic liver disease (ie, Child-Pugh Class C), portal hypertension, cirrhosis or complications of cirrhosis/portal hypertension (eg, history of variceal hemorrhage, encephalopathy). 8. Confirmed active infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). 9. Subjects with alanine aminotransferase or aspartate aminotransferase ≥3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or total bilirubin ≥2 × ULN at Screening. 10. Chronic renal insufficiency as defined by serum creatinine >2.5 mg/dL or requiring dialysis at Screening. 11. Hemoglobin concentration <9 g/dL at Screening. 12. Subjects treated with an IV or SC prostacyclin pathway agent (eg, epoprostenol, treprostinil, or iloprost) for PAH at any time prior to Baseline (use in vasoreactive testing is permitted). 13. Subjects currently on or who were treated with an inhaled or oral prostacyclin pathway agent (iloprost, treprostinil, beraprost, or selexipag) within 90 days prior to Baseline. 14. Subject has pulmonary veno-occlusive disease. 15. Malignancy diagnosed and/or treated within 5 years prior to Screening, with the exception of localized non-metastatic basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or in-situ carcinoma of the cervix excised with curative intent. 16. Subject tests positive for amphetamine, cocaine, methamphetamine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine or phencyclidine in urine drug screen performed at Screening, or has a recent history (6 months) of alcohol or drug abuse. A subject will not be excluded due to a positive drug screen caused by prescribed medications. 17. Initiation or discontinuation of a cardio-pulmonary rehabilitation program based upon exercise within 90 days prior to Screening and/or planned during study participation. 18. Prior participation in any study of ralinepag or participation in another interventional clinical study with medicinal products within 30 days prior to Screening. Concurrent participation in registry or observational studies is allowed, as long as the subject can fulfill all other entry criteria and comply with all study procedures. 19. Any reason that, in the opinion of the Investigator or Medical Monitor, precludes the subject from participating in the study (eg, any previous or intercurrent medical condition) that may increase the risk associated with study participation or that would confound study analysis or impair study participation or cooperation. 20. Known hypersensitivity to ralinepag or any of the excipients. 21. Life expectancy <12 months based on the Investigator's opinion. 22. Women who are pregnant, lactating or breast-feeding.