Key
• Male or female ≥18 years of age at Visit 1
• Documentation of a CF diagnosis
• Enrolled in the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation National Patient Registry (CFFNPR) prior to Visit 1 (US sites only)
• At the time of Visit 1, there is a plan to initiate IV antibiotics for a pulmonary exacerbation
• Performed spirometry at Visit 1 and Visit 2 and willing to perform spirometry at Visit 3
• Completed the CRISS questionnaire at Visit 1 and Visit 2 and willing to complete the Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Symptoms Diary (CFRSD) questionnaire at Visit 3
• Willing to adhere to a specific treatment duration determined by initial response to treatment and subsequent randomization
• Willing to return for follow up Visit 3
• Written informed consent obtained from the subject or subject's legal representative Key Exclusion Criteria
• Previous randomization in this study
• Treatment with IV antibiotics in the 6 weeks prior to Visit 1
• Admission to the intensive care unit for current pulmonary exacerbation in the two weeks prior to Visit 2, unless admission was due to a desensitization protocol
• Pneumothorax in the two weeks prior to Visit 2
• Primary diagnosis for current hospitalization is unrelated to worsening lower respiratory symptoms (e.g., pulmonary clean out, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS), sinusitis)
• Massive hemoptysis defined as > 250 cc in a 24 hour period or 100 cc/day over 4 consecutive days occurring in the two weeks prior to Visit 2
• Current pulmonary exacerbation thought to be due to allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
• At Visit 1, receiving ongoing treatment with a duration of more than 2 weeks with prednisone equivalent to >10mg/day
• History of solid organ transplantation
• Receiving antimicrobial therapy to treat non-tuberculous mycobacterium (e.g., M. abscessus, M. avium complex) in the two weeks prior to Visit 2

• Completed study drug treatment in a parent study; or had study drug interruption(s) in a parent study but completed study visits up to the last scheduled visit of the Treatment Period in the parent study.
• History of drug intolerance in a parent study that would pose an additional risk to the subject in the opinion of the investigator.
• Current participation in an investigational drug trial (other than a parent study) Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

Key
• Subjects will be 1 to less than 2 years of age on Day 1 of the relevant part of the study.
• Homozygous for F508del (F/F). Key
• Any clinically significant laboratory abnormalities at the Screening Visit that would interfere with the study assessments or pose an undue risk for the subject.
• Solid organ or hematological transplantation. Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

Key For Phase 1
• Patients with a locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor who:
• have progressed on or are intolerant to standard therapy, or
• no standard therapy exists, or in the opinion of the Investigator, are not candidates for or would be unlikely to tolerate or derive significant clinical benefit from standard therapy, or
• decline standard therapy
• Prior MKIs with anti-RET activity are allowed.
• A RET gene alteration is not required initially. Once adequate PK exposure is achieved, evidence of RET gene alteration in tumor and/or blood is required as identified through molecular assays, as performed for clinical evaluation.
• Measurable or non-measurable disease as determined by RECIST 1.1 or RANO as appropriate to tumor type.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0, 1, or 2 or Lansky Performance Score (LPS) ≥ 40% (age < 16 years) with no sudden deterioration 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.
• Adequate hematologic, hepatic and renal function.
• Life expectancy of at least 3 months. For Phase 2 As for phase 1 with the following modifications:
• For Cohorts 1 and 3 Subjects must have received prior standard therapy appropriate for their tumor type and stage of disease, or in the opinion of the Investigator, would be unlikely to tolerate or derive clinical benefit from appropriate standard of care therapy.
• Cohorts 1-4: enrollment will be restricted to patients with evidence of a RET gene alteration in tumor. However, a positive germline DNA test for a RET gene mutation is acceptable in the absence of tumor tissue testing for patients with MTC.
• Cohorts 1-4: at least one measurable lesion as defined by RECIST 1.1 or RANO, as appropriate to tumor type and not previously irradiated.
• Cohort 4: radiographic PD within the previous 14 months. Note: Patients otherwise eligible for cohort 4 who do not demonstrate radiographic PD within the previous 14 months may be enrolled to cohort 5 if a compelling rationale is provided by the investigator and approved by the Sponsor.
• Cohort 5: (up to 150 patients):
• Cohorts 1-4 without measurable disease;
• MTC not meeting the requirements for Cohorts 3 or 4; (a known RET mutation is not required)
• MTC syndrome spectrum cancers (e.g., MTC, pheochromocytoma), cancers with neuroendocrine features/differentiation, or poorly differentiated thyroid cancers with other RET alteration/activation may be allowed with prior Sponsor approval;
• cfDNA positive for a RET gene alteration not known to be present in a tumor sample.
• Cohort 6: Patients who otherwise are eligible for Cohorts 1-5 who discontinued another RET inhibitor due to intolerance may be eligible with prior Sponsor approval. Key Exclusion Criteria (Phase 1 and Phase 2):
• Phase 2 Cohorts 1-4: an additional known oncogenic driver.
• Cohorts 1-5: prior treatment with a selective RET inhibitor Notes: Patients otherwise eligible for Cohorts 1-5 who discontinued another selective RET inhibitor may be eligible for Phase 2 Cohort 6 with prior Sponsor approval. Notes: Patients otherwise eligible for Cohorts 1-5 who discontinued another selective RET inhibitor may be eligible for Phase 2 Cohort 6 with prior Sponsor approval. Notes: Patients otherwise eligible for Cohorts 1-5 who discontinued another selective RET inhibitor may be eligible for Phase 2 Cohort 6 with prior Sponsor approval.
•Investigational agent or anticancer therapy (including chemotherapy, biologic therapy, immunotherapy, anticancer Chinese medicine or other anticancer herbal remedy) within 5 half-lives or 2 weeks (whichever is shorter) prior to planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib). In addition, no concurrent investigational anti-cancer therapy is permitted. Note: Potential exception for this exclusion criterion will require a valid scientific justification and approval from the Sponsor.
• Major surgery (excluding placement of vascular access) within 4 weeks prior to planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib).
• Radiotherapy with a limited field of radiation for palliation within 1 week of planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib), with the exception of patients receiving radiation to more than 30% of the bone marrow or with a wide field of radiation, which must be completed at least 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.
• Any unresolved toxicities from prior therapy greater than CTCAE Grade 1 at the time of starting study treatment with the exception of alopecia and Grade 2, prior platinum-therapy related neuropathy.
• Symptomatic primary CNS tumor, metastases, leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, or untreated spinal cord compression. Patients are eligible if neurological symptoms and CNS imaging are stable and steroid dose is stable for 14 days prior to the first dose of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib) and no CNS surgery or radiation has been performed for 28 days, 14 days if stereotactic radiosurgery [SRS].
• Clinically significant active cardiovascular disease or history of myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to planned start of LOXO-292 (selpercatinib) or prolongation of the QT interval corrected (QTcF) > 470 msec.
• Required treatment with certain strong CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers and certain prohibited concomitant medications.

Cystic Fibrosis Main Study
• Must have CF diagnosis confirmed by sweat test or genotype analysis
• Subjects (and parents/legal guardians as applicable) must have the ability to read and write in English Sub-study
• No CF diagnosis
• Men or women without osteoporosis
• Less than 18 years of age
• Unwilling to return annually for study visits for up to 5 years
• Unwilling and/or medically unable to take denosumab

1.1 Pathologically (histologically or cytologically) proven diagnosis of NSCLC with, medically inoperable (or patients who refuse resection) stage IIIA or stage IIIB disease (AJCC 8th edition); 1.1.1 Inoperable Stage IIIA disease is defined by multiple and/or bulky N2 mediastinal lymph nodes on computed tomography (CT) scan such that, in the opinion of the treating investigator, the patient was not a candidate for surgical resection. 1.1.2 N2 disease must have been documented by biopsy, or at a minimum by fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) or CT if nodes were more than 2 cm in short axis diameter. 1.1.3 T4 disease is often considered resectable at the discretion of a thoracic surgeon. Patients with T4N0 or T4N1 disease can be enrolled if their case is reviewed by a thoracic surgeon and felt to be unresectable or if they are either medically inoperable or refuse surgery. 1.1.4 Stage IIIB patients have N3 or T4N2 status. N3 status must have been documented by the presence of a contralateral (to the primary tumor) mediastinal lymph node or supraclavicular or scalene lymph node proven by biopsy, or at a minimum by fluorodeoxyglucose uptake on PET or more than 2 cm in short axis diameter on CT scan. Patients with disease extending into the cervical region (defined as disease extending above cricoid cartilage) are not eligible. 1.2 Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup: 1.2.1 History/physical examination, including documentation of height, weight and vital signs, within 30 days prior to registration; 1.2.2 CT scan with IV contrast (CT scan without contrast acceptable if IV contrast is medically contraindicated) of the lung and upper abdomen through the adrenal glands within 60 days prior to registration (recommended within 30 days prior to registration); 1.2.3 MRI of the brain with contrast (or CT with contrast if MRI is medically contraindicated) within 60 days prior to registration; note: the use of intravenous contrast is required for the MRI or CT (unless medically contra-indicated). 1.2.4 Whole-body FDG-PET/CT within 60 days prior to registration; 1.3 Age ≥ 18 years; 1.4 Life expectancy ≥ 12 weeks 1.5 Zubrod Performance Status of 0-1 within 30 days prior to registration; 1.6 Adequate respiratory function within 180 days prior to registration defined as follows: FEV1 > 1.2 liters; DLCO ≥ 50% predicted; 1.7 Patients with post-obstructive pneumonia are eligible provided they no longer require intravenous antibiotics at registration; 1.8 Patients with a pleural effusion that is transudative, cytologically negative and non-bloody, are eligible if the radiation oncologist feels the tumor can be encompassed within a reasonable field of radiotherapy; if pleural fluid is too small a volume to effectively sample by thoracentesis and does not show increased metabolic activity on CT/PET imaging, the patient will be remain eligible. 1.9 Allowable type and amount of prior therapy 1.10 Adequate organ and marrow function as defined below 1.10.1 Absolute neutrophil count >1.5 × 109/L 1.10.2 Platelet count >100 × 109/L 1.10.3 Baseline or post-transfusion Hemoglobin ≥9.0 g/dL 1.10.4 Serum bilirubin≤ 1.5x upper limit of normal (ULN). This will not apply to patients with confirmed Gilbert's syndrome, who will be allowed in consultation with their physician. 1.10.5 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5x ULN. 1.10.6 Measured creatinine clearance (CL) >40 mL/min or calculated CL >40 mL/min as determined by Cockcroft-Gault (using actual body weight); Males: Creatinine CL = Weight (kg) × (140
•Age) (mL/min) 72 × serum creatinine (mg/dL) Females: Creatinine CL = Weight (kg) × (140
•Age) × 0.85 (mL/min) 72 × serum creatinine (mg/dL) 1.11 Negative serum pregnancy test within three days prior to registration for women of childbearing potential. 1.12 Women of child-bearing potential and men must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry, for the duration of study participation, and for 90 days following completion of therapy. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. 1.12.1 A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
• Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
• Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months). 1.12.2 Evidence of post-menopausal status or negative urinary or serum pregnancy test for female pre-menopausal patients. Women will be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months without an alternative medical cause. The following age-specific requirements apply:
• Women <50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments and if they have luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels in the post-menopausal range for the institution or underwent surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy).
• Women ≥50 years of age would be considered post-menopausal if they have been amenorrheic for 12 months or more following cessation of all exogenous hormonal treatments, had radiation-induced menopause with last menses >1 year ago, had chemotherapy-induced menopause with last menses >1 year ago, or underwent surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy, bilateral salpingectomy or hysterectomy). 1.13 Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. 2.1 Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease; 2.2 Subjects may not be receiving any other investigational agents for the treatment of the cancer under study. 2.3 Current invasive malignancy (except non-melanomatous skin cancer, localized bladder and prostate cancer). Carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix are permissible regardless of timing; 2.4 Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields. For example, patients with prior breast radiotherapy treatments would likely be excluded; 2.5 Prior systemic treatment with chemotherapy, targeted therapy or an anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1 including durvalumab, anti-PD-L2, anti-CTLA-4 antibody, or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell costimulation or immune checkpoint pathways for NSCLC; 2.6 A condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents) or other immunosuppressive medications within 7 days of study drug administration. Inhaled or topical steroids and adrenal replacement doses > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalents are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease; 2.7 Severe, active co-morbidity defined as follows: 2.7.1 Major surgical procedure (as defined by the Investigator) within 28 days prior to the first dose of IP. Note: Local surgery of isolated lesions for palliative intent is acceptable. 2.7.2 Active or prior documented autoimmune or inflammatory disorders (including inflammatory bowel disease [e.g., colitis or Crohn's disease], diverticulitis [with the exception of diverticulosis], systemic lupus erythematosus, Sarcoidosis syndrome, or Wegener syndrome [granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Graves' disease, rheumatoid arthritis, hypophysitis, uveitis, etc]). The following are exceptions to this criterion:
• Patients with vitiligo or alopecia
• Patients with hypothyroidism (e.g., following Hashimoto syndrome) stable on hormone replacement
• Any chronic skin condition that does not require systemic therapy
• Patients without active disease in the last 5 years may be included but only after consultation with the study physician
• Patients with celiac disease controlled by diet alone 2.7.3 Active infection including tuberculosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C. 2.7.4 History of allogenic organ transplantation. 2.7.5 History of symptomatic or previously established interstitial lung disease; 2.7.6 History of severe hypersensitivity reaction to any monoclonal antibody or allergy to study drug components; 2.7.7 Receipt of live attenuated vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of IP. Note: Patients, if enrolled, should not receive live vaccine whilst receiving IP and up to 30 days after the last dose of IP. 2.8 Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements. 2.9 Pregnancy, nursing females, or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception; this exclusion is necessary because the treatment involved in this study may be significantly teratogenic. 2.10 Patients whose radiation treatment plans are likely to encompass a volume of whole lung receiving ≥ 35% of lung volume. V20s up to 37% will be permitted and viewed as a minor deviation, provided that the treating radiation oncologist believes this level of exposure is within patient tolerance. 2.11 Planned radiation cardiac dose V50 >25%.

Key 1. Age ≥18 years 2. Histologically or cytologically documented Stage I to II NSCLC, with clinical Stage I/II lymph node-negative (T1 to T3N0M0) disease and planned to receive definitive treatment with SBRT. Patients may be medically inoperable or are medically operable and refusing surgery or choosing to have SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy) as definitive therapy 3. Completion of SoC SBRT as definitive treatment prior to randomization 4. World Health Organization (WHO)/Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) PS of 0, 1, or 2 5. Life expectancy of at least 12 weeks 6. Body weight >30 kg 7. Tumor sample required 8. Adequate organ and marrow function required 9. Patients with central or peripheral lesions are eligible 10. Staging studies must be done within 8 weeks before randomization Key 1. Mixed small cell and non-small cell cancer histology 2. History of allogeneic organ transplantation 3. History of another primary malignancy with exceptions 4. History of active primary immunodeficiency 5. Any unresolved toxicity National Cancer Institute (NCI) CTCAE Grade ≥2 from SBRT (Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy)

• Male or female subjects age 40 through 89 years
• Confirmed diagnosis of IPF with clinical features consistent with the current clinical practice guidelines
• Persistent cough for at least 8 weeks that is primarily due to IPF and not responsive to anti-tussive therapy
• Daytime cough severity score of ≥ 40 mm on a 100-mm VAS
• 24-hour average cough count of at least 10 coughs per hour
• Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) > 45% predicted value within 4 weeks
• Diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide corrected for hemoglobin (DLCOc) > 30% predicted value within 4 weeks
• Life expectancy of at least 12 months
• Current or recent history of clinically significant medical condition, laboratory abnormality, or illness that could place the subject at risk or compromise the quality of the study data
• Significant coronary artery disease (i.e., myocardial infarction within 6 months or unstable angina within 1 month)
• Upper or lower respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks
• Acute exacerbation of IPF within 6 months
• Lung transplantation expected within 12 months
• Requiring supplemental O2 > 4 litres/min to maintain peripheral arterial O2 saturation (SpO2) > 88% at rest
• History of malignancy likely to result in significant disability or likely to require significant medical or surgical intervention within the next 2 years
• Current smoker (i.e., use of tobacco products within the last 3 months)
• Current or recent history of drug or alcohol abuse within 12 months
• Participation in any other investigational drug study within 4 weeks
• Use of certain drugs for cough management within 4 weeks: prednisone, opiates, baclofen, gabapentin, pregabalin, thalidomide, amitriptyline, inhaled corticosteroids, or inhaled bronchodilators
• Use of ACE inhibitors or cromolyn sodium within 4 weeks
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or if of child-bearing potential unwilling to practice acceptable means of birth control during the study
• History of hypersensitivity or intolerance to cromolyn sodium

Key
• Completed study drug treatment in parent study (VX18-445-104); or had study drug interruption(s) in parent study but completed study visits up to the last scheduled visit of the Treatment Period in the parent study Key
• History of study drug intolerance in parent study Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply

• Patients must have been assigned to S1800A by the Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) Statistics and Data Management Center (SDMC). Patients who were screened under S1400 (legacy screening/pre-screening study) must have had prior PD-L1 testing by the Dako 22C3 PharmDx immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay, and must have results available for stratification purposes
• Patients must not have EGFR sensitizing mutations, EGFR T790M mutation, ALK gene fusion, ROS 1 gene rearrangement, and BRAF V600E mutation unless they have progressed following all standard of care targeted therapy
• Patients must not have an active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past two years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) is not considered a form of systemic treatment and is allowed
• Patients must not have any history of primary immunodeficiency
• Patients must not have experienced the following:
• Any grade 3 or worse immune-related adverse event (irAE). Exception: asymptomatic nonbullous/nonexfoliative rash
• Any unresolved grade 2 irAE
• Any toxicity that led to permanent discontinuation of prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy
• Exception to the above: Toxicities of any grade that requires replacement therapy and has stabilized on therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency) are allowed
• Patients must not have any history of organ transplant that requires use of immunosuppressives
• Patients must not have clinical signs or symptoms of active tuberculosis infection
• Patients must not have history of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease
• Patients must not have had a serious or nonhealing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not have a history of gastrointestinal perforation or fistula within six months prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not have grade 3-4 gastrointestinal bleeding (defined by National Cancer Institute [NCI] Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v] 5) within three months prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not have any known allergy or reaction to any component of the investigational and standard of care formulations
• Patients must not have any grade III/IV cardiac disease as defined by the New York Heart Association criteria (i.e., patients with cardiac disease resulting in marked limitation of physical activity or resulting in inability to carry on any physical activity without discomfort), unstable angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction within six months prior to sub-study randomization, or serious uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia
• Patients must not have experienced any arterial thromboembolic events, including but not limited to myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, or unstable angina, within six months prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not have documented evidence of acute hepatitis or have an active or uncontrolled infection
• Patients with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are eligible, provided they are on effective anti-retroviral therapy and have undetectable viral load at their most recent viral load test and within 6 months prior to randomization
• Patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are eligible provided viral load is undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated
• Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load
• Patients must not have undergone major surgery within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization, or subcutaneous venous access device placement within 7 days prior to randomization. Any patient with postoperative bleeding complications or wound complications from a surgical procedure performed in the last two months should be excluded. The patient must not have elective or planned major surgery to be performed during the course of the clinical trial
• Patients must not have gross hemoptysis within two months of sub-study randomization (defined as bright red blood or >= 1/2 teaspoon) or with radiographic evidence of intratumor cavitation or has radiologically documented evidence of major blood vessel invasion or encasement by cancer
• No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following: adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, in situ cervical cancer, adequately treated stage I or II cancer from which the patient is currently in complete remission, or any other cancer from which the patient has been disease free for five years
• Patients must not have been diagnosed with venous thrombosis less than 3 months prior to randomization. Patients with venous thrombosis diagnosed more than 3 months prior to randomization must be on stable doses of anticoagulants
• Patients must not have any of following:
• Cirrhosis at a level of Child-Pugh B (or worse);
• Cirrhosis (any degree) and a history of hepatic encephalopathy; or
• Clinically meaningful ascites resulting from cirrhosis. Clinically meaningful ascites is defined as ascites from cirrhosis requiring diuretics or paracentesis
• Patients must have received exactly one line of anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy for at least 84 days as their most recent line of therapy, either alone or in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients must have experienced disease progression during or after this regimen. Patients whose most recent line of therapy was anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 monotherapy must have also experienced disease progression during or after prior platinum-based chemotherapy
• Patients must not have received any prior systemic therapy (systemic chemotherapy, immunotherapy or investigational drug) within 21 days prior to substudy randomization. Patients must have recovered (=< grade 1) from any side effects of prior therapy, except for alopecia. Patients must not have received any radiation therapy within 14 days prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not have received nitrosoureas or mitomycin-c within 42 days prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not have received systemic treatment with corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone or equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within seven days prior to sub-study randomization. Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement doses =< 10 mg daily prednisone or equivalent are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease
• Patients must not have received a live attenuated vaccination within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients must not be planning to receive any concurrent chemotherapy, immunotherapy, biologic or hormonal therapy for cancer treatment while receiving treatment on this study. Concurrent use of hormones for non-cancer-related conditions (e.g., insulin for diabetes and hormone replacement therapy) is acceptable
• Patients must not be receiving chronic antiplatelet therapy, including aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, naproxen, and others), dipyridamole or clopidogrel, or similar agents within 7 days prior to randomization. Once-daily aspirin use (maximum dose 325 mg/day) is permitted
• Patient must not have received radiotherapy within 14 days before the first dose of study treatment or received lung radiation therapy of > 30 Gy within 6 months before the first dose of study treatment
• Note: Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities to grade 1 or less, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis
• Patients must have measurable disease documented by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The CT from a combined positron emission tomography (PET)/CT may be used to document only non-measurable disease unless it is of diagnostic quality. Measurable disease must be assessed within 28 days prior to substudy randomization. Pleural effusions, ascites and laboratory parameters are not acceptable as the only evidence of disease. Non-measurable disease must be assessed within 42 days prior to sub-study randomization. All disease must be assessed and documented on the Baseline Tumor Assessment Form. Patients whose only measurable disease is within a previous radiation therapy port must demonstrate clearly progressive disease (in the opinion of the treating investigator) prior to sub-study randomization. CT and MRI scans must be submitted for central review via transfer of images and data (TRIAD)
• Patients must have a CT or MRI scan of the brain to evaluate for central nervous system (CNS) disease within 42 days prior to sub-study randomization. Patient must not have leptomeningeal disease, spinal cord compression or brain metastases unless: (1) metastases have been locally treated and have remained clinically controlled and asymptomatic for at least 14 days following treatment, and prior to sub-study randomization, AND (2) patient has no residual neurological dysfunction and has been off corticosteroids for at least seven days prior to sub-study randomization
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/mcl (obtained within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization)
• Platelet count >= 100,000 mcl (obtained within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization)
• Hemoglobin >= 9 g/dL (obtained within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization)
• Serum bilirubin =< institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization. For patients with liver metastases, bilirubin must be =< 5 x IULN; and either
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) =< 2 x IULN within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization (if both ALT and AST are done, both must be < 2 IULN). For patients with liver metastases, either ALT or AST must be =< 5 x IULN (if both ALT and AST are done, both must be =< 5 x IULN)
• Serum creatinine =< the IULN OR calculated creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. This specimen must have been drawn and processed within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization
• Patients? urinary protein must be =< 1+ on dipstick or routine urinalysis (UA). If urine dipstick or routine analysis indicated proteinuria >= 2+, then a 24-hour urine is to be collected and demonstrate < 1000 mg of protein in 24 hours to allow participation in the study
• Patients must not have a history of uncontrolled or poorly-controlled hypertension (defined as >= 150 / >= 90 mm Hg for > 4 weeks) despite standard medical management
• International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5 (documented within 28 calendar days prior to randomization)
• Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< 5 seconds above the institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) (unless receiving anticoagulation therapy) (documented within 28 calendar days prior to randomization)
• Patients receiving warfarin must be switched to low molecular weight heparin and have achieved stable coagulation profile 14 days prior to randomization. If receiving warfarin, the patient must have an INR =< 3.0. For heparin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) there should be no active bleeding (that is, no bleeding within 14 days prior to first dose of protocol therapy) or pathological condition present that carries a high risk of bleeding (for example, tumor involving major vessels or known varices)
• Patients must have Zubrod performance status 0-1 documented within 28 days prior to sub-study randomization
• Pre-study history and physical exam must be obtained within 28 days prior to substudy randomization
• Patients must not be pregnant or nursing. Women/men of reproductive potential must have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method during the study and 4 months after study completion. A woman is considered to be of "reproductive potential" if she has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months. In addition to routine contraceptive methods, "effective contraception" also includes heterosexual celibacy and surgery intended to prevent pregnancy (or with a side-effect of pregnancy prevention) defined as a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy or bilateral tubal ligation. However, if at any point a previously celibate patient chooses to become heterosexually active during the time period for use of contraceptive measures outlined in the protocol, he/she is responsible for beginning contraceptive measures during the study and 4 months after study completion
• Patients must agree to have blood specimens submitted for circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA)
• Patients must also be offered participation in banking and in the correlative studies for collection and future use of specimens
• As a part of the Oncology Patient Enrollment Network (OPEN) registration process the treating institution's identity is provided in order to ensure that the current (within 365 days) date of institutional review board approval for this study has been entered in the system
• Patients with impaired decision-making capacity are eligible as long as their neurological or psychological condition does not preclude their safe participation in the study (e.g., tracking pill consumption and reporting adverse events to the investigator)
• Patients must be informed of the investigational nature of this study and must sign and give written informed consent in accordance with institutional and federal guidelines

• Male and female cystic fibrosis patients
• Must be greater than or equal to 18 years of age.
• All subjects must understand and sign the informed consent.
• Subjects must have the ability to read and write in English.
• Female subjects starting this study must be willing to use a double barrier method of birth control (such as condom or diaphragm) used with a spermicide (a substance that kills sperm), while participating in the study. Exclusion Criteria for Main Study:
• Women who are pregnant, breast feeding, or who have had an oophorectomy.
• Women who have received a hormone contraceptive injection (such as Depo Provera) within the last 3 months. Exclusion Criteria for Substudy:
• Men
• Women who have a history of breast cancer, abnormal vaginal bleeding, liver disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus with vascular disease, or have had a stroke, heart attack, or blood clot within the past year, due to a possible reaction to Loestrin.
• Women who currently smoke cigarettes, due to the increased risk of serious cardiovascular events with Loestrin use.

1. ≥ 12 years of age at the time Informed Consent/ Assent is signed. 2. Weight ≥ 40 kg. 3. FEV1 ≥ 40% predicted and < 100% predicted in the last 12 months. 4. Physician-initiated treatment with an IV antibiotic 2 or 3 times in the last 12 months for a new PEx or physician-initiated treatment with an IV antibiotic 1 time in the last 12 months plus physician-initiated treatment with oral antibiotic(s) 1 or more times in the past 12 months for a new PEX. 1. Severe or unstable CF at screening or Visit 1. 2. Any of the following values for laboratory tests at screening: 1. A positive pregnancy test. 2. Hemoglobin < 10 g/dL in males and < 9 g/dL in females. 3. Neutrophils < 1.0 x 10^9 /L. 4. Platelets < 75 x 10^9/L. 5. Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min according to Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation. 6. Serum transaminases > 2.5 x upper limit of normal. 3. Any medical condition or concurrent medical therapies at screening or Visit 1 that may put the subject at greater safety risk, influence response to study drug or interfere with study assessments.

1. Signed Informed Consent 2. Diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis by high resolution CT scan performed in the 6 months prior to screening associated with one of the following conditions and confirmed using guidelines, as per American Thoracic Society (ATS) / European Respiratory Society (ERS) / Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) / Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT): Major IIPs (idiopathic interstitial pneumonias) diagnosis or suspected as one of the following:
• Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
• Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia
• Respiratory bronchiolitis-interstitial lung disease
• Desquamative interstitial pneumonia
• Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia
• Acute interstitial pneumonia
• Rare IIPs diagnosis by one of the following:
• Idiopathic lymphoid interstitial pneumonia
• Idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis
• Unclassifiable idiopathic interstitial pneumonias Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis Occupational lung disease 3. At least 50% of the subjects will have confirmed intermediate or high probability of pulmonary hypertension as determined by echocardiography according to the 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension. 4. Have been using oxygen therapy by nasal cannula for at least 4 weeks prior to the screening run-in period. 5. 6MWD ≥ 100 meters and ≤ 450 meters prior to randomization 6. WHO Functional Class II-IV 7. Forced Vital Capacity ≥ 40% predicted within last 6 months prior to screening the screening run-in period. 8. For at least 1 week prior to Baseline/Randomization, subjects must demonstrate the ability to consistently use the device greater than 12 hrs/day in the opinion of the Investigator. 9. Female subjects of childbearing potential must have a negative pre-treatment pregnancy test (serum or urine). All female subjects should take adequate precaution to avoid pregnancy. 10. Subjects must have completed at least 1 week of activity monitoring prior to the Baseline/Randomization visit. 11. Age between 18 and 85 years (inclusive) 12. Subject should be clinically stable for at least 4 weeks prior to Baseline/Randomization in the opinion of the Principal Investigator. 1. Demonstrate symptomatic rebound defined as significant cardiopulmonary instability, such as systemic arterial oxygen desaturation, hypoxemia, bradycardia, tachycardia, systemic hypotension, shortness of breath, near-syncope, and syncope, occurring within 1 hour of acute iNO during rebound testing 2. Episodes of disease worsening within 1 month prior to Baseline/Randomization 3. Use of any PAH-specific medications regardless of reason for use 4. Acute or chronic physical impairment (other than dyspnea due to PF) that would limit the ability to comply with study procedures or adherence to therapy (i.e., 6MWT), including carrying and wearing the pulsed delivery device per study protocol, or medical problem(s) likely to preclude completion of the study 5. Pregnant or breastfeeding females at Screening 6. Administered L-arginine within 1 month prior to Screening 7. The concurrent use of the INOpulse device with a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), Bilevel positive airway pressure (BPAP), or any other positive pressure device. 8. Use of investigational drugs or devices within 1 month prior to Screening (other than acute vasodilator testing with iNO) 9. Any underlying medical or psychiatric condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, makes the subject an unsuitable candidate for the study including unable to complete 6MWT. 10. Any subject who has been enrolled in any previous clinical study with inhaled NO administered through pulse delivery 11. In the last 6 months prior to screening, evidence of any connective tissue disease with FVC > 60% unless there is evidence of moderate to severe fibrosis on CT scan in the opinion of the Investigator 12. Evidence of clinically significant Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE) if > 15% of lung fields by CT scan show evidence of emphysema in the opinion of the Investigator

• signed informed consent by patient prior to study enrollment
• 18 years of age or older
• If female of childbearing potential, a negative pregnancy test at the Baseline Visit and agrees to practice adequate birth control throughout the duration of the study. If the patient is postmenopausal or has documented surgical sterilization, a pregnancy test and birth control is not necessary.
• The patient has been diagnosed with PAH belonging to the following subgroups of the updated Nice Clinical Classification Group 1 (Simonneau, Gatzoulis et al. 2013), which include: 1. Idiopathic PAH (1.1), or 2. Heritable PAH (1.2), or 3. Drug and toxin induced PAH (1.3), or 4. PAH associated with connective tissue disease (1.4.1), HIV infection (1.4.2), or congenital heart disease (1.4.4) with simple systemic-to-pulmonary shunt at least 1 year after surgical repair
• The patient has been diagnosed with PAH and is NYHA Functional Class II
•IV at Screening. 1. has documented stable doses of approved inhaled therapy for at least 3 months prior to screening and is willing and able to transition from their prescribed dose of inhaled therapy to study drug, or 2. has documented stable doses of no more than two approved oral therapies for at least 3 months prior to screening and is willing and able to add LIQ861 to their treatment regimen.
• The patient can complete a baseline six-minute walk distance (6MWD) ≥ 150 m.
• The patient has had evidence of FEV1 ≥ 60% and FEV1/FVC ratio ≥ 60% during the 6-month period prior to enrollment.
• The patient's clinical condition is such that, in the opinion of the Investigator, they are not expected to remain clinically stable for the duration of the study.
• Patients with PH in the Updated Nice Classification Groups 2-5, or PAH Group 1 subgroups not covered by the inclusion criteria (e.g., associated with portal hypertension [1.4.3] or with schistosomiasis [1.4.5]).
• The patient is currently taking oral prostacyclin analogues or agonists, including treprostinil and selexipag.
• The patient has had any PAH medication (except for anticoagulants) discontinued within 14 days of Baseline.
• The patient has had a new type of chronic therapy (including but not limited to oxygen, a different class of vasodilator, diuretic, digoxin, and digitalis) for pulmonary hypertension added within 30 days of Baseline.
• The patient has uncontrolled systemic hypertension as evidenced by persistent systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg.
• The patient has a history of hemodynamically significant left-sided heart disease including, but not limited to: aortic or mitral valve disease, pericardial constriction, restrictive or congestive cardiomyopathy, or coronary artery disease (CAD).
• The patient has had an atrial septostomy.
• The patient has any serious or life-threatening disease other than conditions associated with PAH (e.g. malignancy requiring aggressive chemotherapy, end stage renal disease, etc.).
• The patient is taking any excluded medications listed in the Investigator's Brochure, namely inhibitors and inducers of CYP2C8
• The patient has a hypersensitivity or allergy to any of the ingredients of LIQ861 or other clinically relevant allergies (clinical relevance per Investigator judgment).
• The patient has had a pulmonary infarction (defined as infarction in more than one lung segment documented by V/Q scan or pulmonary angiography) within two weeks of Screening.
• The patient has had a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within six months of Screening.
• The patient has evidence of an active uncontrolled sepsis or systemic infection during Screening.
• The patient is pregnant or lactating.
• The patient has any musculoskeletal disease or any other disease that would limit ambulation.
• The patient has participated in an investigational product or device study within the 30 days prior to Screening.
• The patient has current evidence of drug abuse in the opinion of the Investigator.
• The patient has severe hepatic impairment as evidenced by any history of ascites AND encephalopathy.
• The patient has severe renal impairment (eGFR < 35).
• The patient is taking inhaled treprostinil doses of greater than 90 μg (more than 15 breaths). Additional Exclusion Criteria for PK Sub-Study:
• The patient meets any of Primary Exclusion Criteria #1
•19.
• The patient has moderate or severe renal impairment (eGFR < 60).
• The patient is taking inhaled treprostinil doses of greater than 72 μg (more than 12 breaths).

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of Stage IV non-squamous NSCLC.
• Documentation of tumor activating EGFR mutation, specifically either DEL19 or L858R.
• Investigator-determined radiographic disease progression per RECIST 1.1 after treatment with an EGFR TKI therapy: a) Participants previously treated with 1st or 2nd generation EGFR TKI (e.g. erlotinib/afatinib/gefitinib) are required to have confirmed documented absence of EGFR T790M mutation; b) Participants with confirmed acquired T790M mutation after 1st or 2nd generation EGFR TKI (e.g. erlotinib/afatinib/gefitinib) are required to have osimertinib TKI treatment failure prior to enrollment; c) Participants previously failed osimertinib TKI treatment as 1st line therapy are eligible regardless of their EGFR T790M mutation status. Note: TKI washout period for all participants is 1 week or 2 half-lives after last treatment dose, whichever is longer. TKI washout should be completed prior to first dose of study treatment.
• Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 as assessed by the local site investigator/radiology.
• Provided archival tumor tissue sample or newly obtained (no anti-neoplastic therapy since biopsy) core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion not previously irradiated.
• Life expectancy of at least 3 months.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 7 days prior to the first dose of study treatment but before randomization.
• Male participants must agree to use contraception during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of pembrolizumab and up to 180 days after last dose of chemotherapeutic agents.
• Female participants must not be pregnant, not breastfeeding, and must agree to use contraception during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of pembrolizumab and up to 180 days after the last dose of chemotherapeutic agents.
• Adequate organ function.
• Predominantly squamous cell histology NSCLC. Mixed tumors will be categorized by the predominant cell type; if small cell elements are present, the participant is ineligible.
• Symptomatic ascites or pleural effusion. A participant who is clinically stable following treatment for these conditions (including therapeutic thoraco- or paracentesis) is eligible.
• Received prior therapy with an anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (anti-PD-1), anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), or anti-PD-L2 agent or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T-cell receptor (e.g. cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 [CTLA-4], OX-40, CD137).
• Received prior systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy or investigational agent(s), excluding EGFR TKIs, for metastatic NSCLC. [Notes: 1) Prior treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation as part of neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy is allowed as long as therapy was completed at least 6 months prior to the diagnosis of metastatic NSCLC. 2) If participant received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting study treatment. 3) Prior exposure to traditional medicine(s) is allowed as long as therapy was discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.]
• Received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment or has received lung radiation therapy of >30 Gray (Gy) within 6 months before the first dose of study treatment. Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (≤2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-central nervous system (CNS) disease.
• Received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study treatment.
• Currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study treatment.
• Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (in dosing exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior the first dose of study treatment.
• Known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 5 years. (Note: Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, superficial bladder cancer, or carcinoma in situ (e.g. breast carcinoma, cervical cancer in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy are not excluded.)
• Known active untreated CNS metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis.
• Severe hypersensitivity (≥ Grade 3) to pembrolizumab and/or any of its excipients.
• Known sensitivity to any component of cisplatin, carboplatin, or pemetrexed.
• Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years.
• History of (non-infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids or has current pneumonitis.
• Active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
• Known history of Hepatitis B or known active Hepatitis C virus.
• Known history of active tuberculosis (TB; Bacillus tuberculosis)
• Pregnant, breastfeeding or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of pembrolizumab and up to 180 days after the last dose of chemotherapeutic agents.

Key
• Must have 1 of the following 9 CFTR mutations on at least 1 allele: G551D, G178R, S549N, S549R, G551S, G1244E, S1251N, S1255P, or G1349D
• On ivacaftor therapy
• FEV1 value ≥40% and ≤100% of predicted mean for age, sex, and height Key
• History of clinically significant cirrhosis with or without portal hypertension
• History of solid organ or hematological transplantation
• Lung infection with organisms associated with a more rapid decline in pulmonary status Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply

• Patients must have histologically or cytologically confirmed stage IV non-squamous non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (includes M1a, M1b stage disease, American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] 8th edition). Patients with T4NX disease (stage IIIB and IIIC) with nodule in ipsilateral lung lobe are eligible if they are not candidates for combined chemotherapy and radiation
• Patients must have PD-L1 expression Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) >= 1% in tumor cells. If PD-L1 expression TPS is unevaluable or the testing could not be completed, the patients are not eligible. The assay must have been performed by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) (or equivalent) certified laboratory
• Patients must have measurable or non-measurable disease. The presence of malignant pleural fluid alone is sufficient to satisfy this eligibility criterion. Baseline imaging assessments and measurements used to evaluate all measurable or non-measurable sites of disease must be done within 4 weeks prior to study registration
• NOTE: If patient receives pemetrexed, follow institutional guidelines to drain fluids
• Patients must have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1
• Patients must NOT have received the following:
• Prior systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy for advanced metastatic NSCLC. Patients treated with any prior checkpoint inhibitors for metastatic lung cancer are ineligible. Chemotherapy for non-metastatic disease (e.g. adjuvant therapy) or immunotherapy for locally advanced stage III disease is allowed if at least 6 months have elapsed between the last dose of the prior therapy and study registration. Local therapy, e.g. palliative radiation, is allowed as long as a period of 14 days has passed between completion of local therapy and study registration
• Methotrexate (MTX) given in low doses for non-malignant conditions with last dose at least 14 days prior to date of registration will be allowed. Other low dose chemotherapeutics for non-malignant conditions will be considered, but review by the study chair is required
• Patients with known EGFR mutations (except exon 20 insertion), BRAF mutations (V600) or ALK or ROS1 translocations that can be treated with oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors are excluded
• Patients with treated brain metastases are eligible if follow-up brain imaging after central nervous system (CNS)-directed therapy shows no evidence of progression. Patients with new or progressive brain metastases (active brain metastases) or leptomeningeal disease are eligible if the treating physician determines that immediate CNS specific treatment is not required and is unlikely to be required during the first cycle of therapy
• Patients are eligible if off steroids for at least 14 days prior to protocol treatment
• Anticonvulsants are allowed
• Patients with prior or concurrent malignancy whose natural history or treatment does not have the potential to interfere with the safety or efficacy assessment of the investigational regimen are eligible for this trial
• Patients must not have known pre-existing and clinically active interstitial lung disease, or a known history of (non infectious) pneumonitis that required steroids, or current pneumonitis
• Patients must not have significant gastrointestinal disorders with diarrhea as a major symptom (e.g. Crohn's disease, malabsorption, etc.)
• Patients must not have history of auto-immune condition requiring ongoing or intermittent systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e. with use of disease modifying agents, corticosteroids or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment
• Patients with known history or current symptoms of cardiac disease, or history of treatment with cardiotoxic agents, should have a clinical risk assessment of cardiac function using the New York Heart Association Functional Classification. To be eligible for this trial, patients should be class 2B or better
• Patients must not have any other concomitant serious illness or organ system dysfunction that in the opinion of the investigator would either compromise patient safety or interfere with the evaluation of the safety of the study drug
• Patients must not receive any other investigational agents during the course of therapy
• Women must not be pregnant or breast-feeding due to potential harm to the fetus or infant from cytotoxic chemotherapy and the unknown risk of MK-3475 (pembrolizumab). Patients must also not expect to conceive or father children from the time of registration, while on study treatment, and until at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment
• All females of childbearing potential must have a blood test or urine study within 72 hours prior to registration to rule out pregnancy
• A female of childbearing potential is any woman, regardless of sexual orientation or whether they have undergone tubal ligation, who meets the following criteria: has achieved menarche at some point; has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or has not been naturally postmenopausal (amenorrhea following cancer therapy does not rule out childbearing potential) for at least 24 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 24 consecutive months)
• Women of childbearing potential and sexually active males must use an accepted and effective method of contraception or abstain from sexual intercourse from time of registration, while on study treatment, and continue for 120 days after the last dose of study treatment
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1500/mm^3 (within 14 days of randomization)
• Platelets >= 100,000/mm^3 (within 14 days of randomization)
• Prothrombin time (PT)/international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5 Or if patient on therapeutic anticoagulation, PT/INR =< 3.0 (within 14 days of randomization)
• Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) =< institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) OR, if patient is on therapeutic anticoagulation, PTT must be =< 1.5 x ULN (within 14 days of randomization)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 mg/dL (obtained within 14 days of randomization)
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 14 days of randomization)
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 14 days of randomization)
• Calculated creatinine clearance >= 45 ml/min to be eligible to receive pemetrexed (obtained within 14 days prior to randomization)
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN) (obtained within 14 days prior to randomization)
• Patients must not have a known history of active tuberculosis (TB)
• Patients must not have a diagnosis of immunodeficiency or receive systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior to the first dose of protocol treatment
• Patients must not have received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to randomization. Seasonal flu vaccines that do not contain live virus are permitted
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients on effective anti-retroviral therapy with undetectable viral load within 6 months are eligible for this trial
• For patients with evidence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the HBV viral load must be undetectable on suppressive therapy, if indicated. Patients with a history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection must have been treated and cured. For patients with HCV infection who are currently on treatment, they are eligible if they have an undetectable HCV viral load

• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of Stage IV (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], nonsquamous NSCLC.
• Confirmation that Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), ALK Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (ALK), or ROS1 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (ROS1)-directed therapy is not indicated as primary treatment (documentation of absence of tumor-activating EGFR mutations AND absence of ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements OR presence of a Kirsten Rat Sarcoma (KRAS) gene mutation).
• Have measurable disease based on RECIST 1.1. Note: Lesions that appear measurable, but are situated in a previously irradiated area, can be considered measurable (eligible for selection as target lesions) if they have shown documented growth since the completion of radiation.
• Provided an archival tumor tissue sample or newly obtained core or excisional biopsy of a tumor lesion (not previously irradiated).
• Life expectancy of at least 3 months.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 within 7 days prior to the first dose of study intervention but before randomization.
• Male participants must agree for at least 30 days after the last dose of lenvatinib/matching placebo and up to 180 days after the last dose of chemotherapeutic agents to: Refrain from donating sperm PLUS either: Be abstinence from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis) and agree to remain abstinent OR Must agree to use contraception unless confirmed to be azoopsermic (vasectomized or secondary to medical cause) as detailed below: Agree to use a male condom plus partner use of an additional contraceptive method when having penile-vaginal intercourse with a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) who is not currently pregnant Note: Men with a pregnant or breastfeeding partner must agree to remain abstinent from penile-vaginal intercourse or use a male condom during each episode of penile-vaginal penetration. Note: 30 days after lenvatinib/matching placebo is stopped, if the participant is on pembrolizumab only and is greater than 180 days post chemotherapy, no male contraception measures are needed.
• Female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant or breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies: Is not a WOCBP OR Is a WOCBP and using a contraceptive method that is highly effective (with a failure rate of <1% per year), with low user dependency, or be abstinent from heterosexual intercourse as their preferred and usual lifestyle (abstinent on a long term and persistent basis), during the intervention period and for at least 120 days post pembrolizumab and/or 30 days post-lenvatinib/matching placebo, and up to 180 days post last dose of chemotherapeutic agents, whichever occurs last.
• Adequate organ function.
• Adequately controlled blood pressure (BP) with or without antihypertensive medications, defined as BP ≤150/90 mm Hg and no change in antihypertensive medications within 1 week prior to randomization. Note: Participants must not have a history of uncontrolled or poorly-controlled hypertension, defined as >150/90 mm Hg for >4 weeks despite standard medical management.
• Known untreated central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis. Participants with previously treated brain metastases may participate provided they are radiologically stable, clinically stable, and have not required steroids for at least 14 days prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• History of (noninfectious) pneumonitis that required systemic steroids or current pneumonitis/interstitial lung disease.
• Radiographic evidence of intratumoral caviations, encasement, or invasion of a major blood vessel. Additionally, the degree of proximity to major blood vessels should be considered because for exclusion because of the potential risk of severe hemorrhage associated with tumor shrinkage/necrosis after lenvatinib-therapy. (In the chest, major blood vessels include the main pulmonary artery, the left and right pulmonary arteries, the 4 major pulmonary veins, the superior or inferior vena cava, and the aorta).
• Known history of an additional malignancy, except if the participant has undergone potentially curative therapy with no evidence of that disease recurrence for at least 3 years since initiation of that therapy. Note: The time requirement also does not apply to participants who underwent successful definitive resection of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, superficial bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, in situ cervical cancer, or other in situ cancers.
• Active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in the past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease-modifying agents, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressive drugs). Replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is allowed.
• Diagnosis of immunodeficiency or is receiving chronic systemic steroid therapy (doses exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 7 days prior the first dose of study intervention.
• Has had allogeneic tissue/solid organ transplant.
• Known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. HIV testing is not required unless mandated by the local health authority.
• Known history of Hepatitis B. No testing for Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C is required unless mandated by the local health authority.
• History of a gastrointestinal condition or procedure that in the opinion of the investigator may affect oral drug absorption.
• Active hemoptysis (at least 0.5 teaspoon of bright red blood) within 2 weeks prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• Significant cardiovascular impairment within 12 months prior to the first dose of study intervention, including history of congestive heart failure greater than New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident (CVA)/stroke, or cardiac arrhythmia associated with hemodynamic instability.
• Known history of active tuberculosis.
• Active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Has not recovered adequately from any toxicity and/or complication from major surgery prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• Previously had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to treatment with a monoclonal antibody or has a known sensitivity to any component of lenvatinib or pembrolizumab, or as applicable, carboplatin, cisplatin, or pemetrexed.
• A WOCBP who has a positive urine pregnancy test within 24 hours prior to randomization or treatment allocation. If the urine test is positive or cannot be confirmed as negative, a serum pregnancy test will be required.
• Has preexisting ≥Grade 3 gastrointestinal or non-gastrointestinal fistula.
• Received prior systemic chemotherapy or other targeted or biological antineoplastic therapy for their metastatic NSCLC. Note: Prior treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiation as part of neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy is allowed as long as therapy was completed at least 6 months prior to the diagnosis of metastatic NSCLC.
• Received prior treatment with pembrolizumab or any other anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2 agent, with lenvatinib or any other receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKi), or with an agent directed to another stimulatory or co-inhibitory T cell receptor.
• Received radiotherapy within 14 days prior to the first dose of study intervention or received lung radiation therapy of >30 Gy within 6 months prior to the first dose of study intervention. Note: Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities to Grade ≤1, not required corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (≤2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-CNS disease.
• Received systemic steroid therapy (in doses exceeding 10 mg daily of prednisone equivalent) within 7 days prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• Received a live vaccine within 30 days prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• Currently participating and receiving study therapy or has participated in a study of an investigational agent and received study therapy or used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study intervention.
• History or presence of an abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) that, in the investigator's opinion, is clinically meaningful.
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) below the institutional (or local laboratory) normal range as determined by multigated acquisition scan (MUGA) or echocardiogram (ECHO).

Inclusion criteria: Intubated and mechanically ventilated with severe PARDS for <48 hours per PALICC guidelines (chest imaging consistent with acute pulmonary parenchymal disease and OI ≥16 or OSI ≥12.3). We require two blood gases meeting severe PARDS criteria (separated by at least 4 ± 2 hours during which time the clinical team is actively working to recruit lung volume and optimize the patient's hemodynamic status per PALICC guidelines; specifically, incremental and decremental PEEP changes to optimize lung volume). Exclusion criteria:
• Perinatal related lung disease
• Congenital diaphragmatic hernia or congenital/acquired diaphragm paralysis
• Respiratory failure explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload
• Cyanotic heart disease
• Cardiomyopathy
• Unilateral lung disease
• Primary pulmonary hypertension
• Intubated for status asthmaticus
• Obstructive airway disease (e.g., bronchiolitis or disease characterized by hypercapnia with FiO2 <0.30 and/or evidence of increased resistance visible on the flow
•time scalar and/or presence of intrinsic PEEP)
• Active air leak
• Bronchiolitis obliterans
• Post hematopoietic stem cell transplant
• Post lung transplant
• Home ventilator (including noninvasive) or home oxygen dependent
• Neuromuscular respiratory failure
• Critical airway (e.g., post laryngotracheal surgery or new tracheostomy) or anatomical obstruction of the lower airway (e.g., mediastinal mass)
• Facial surgery or trauma in previous 2 weeks
• Head trauma (managed with hyperventilation)
• Intracranial bleeding
• Unstable spine, femur or pelvic fractures
• Acute abdominal process/open abdomen
• Morbid obesity (2w-24 months: WHO weight-for-length/height z-score ≥+3; ≥2 years: WHO body mass index (BMI)-for-age z-score ≥+3)
• Received either prone positioning or any high-frequency mode of mechanical ventilation with current illness
• Supported on ECMO during the current admission
• Family/medical team not providing full support (patient treatment considered futile)
• Previously enrolled in current study
• Enrolled in any other interventional clinical trial not approved for co-enrollment
• Known pregnancy

Eligibility criteria: Infants are eligible if they meet all of the following criteria:
• ≥ 36 0/7 weeks PMA by best obstetric estimate AND birth weight of ≥ 2000g
• postnatal age ≤7 days (168 hours of age)
• invasive mechanical ventilation (defined as ventilation with an endotracheal tube) and
• one arterial blood gas with an OI ≥ 10 (after tracheal tube obstruction and other easily resolvable mechanical causes for increased OI are ruled out) on the most recent arterial blood gas within 12 hours prior to the time of randomization.
• if an arterial blood gas is not available at the time of randomization, a preductal OSI of ≥ 5 can be used as an inclusion criterion instead of OI ≥ 10; (the OSI should be based on the most recent preductal pulse oximetry recording and must be within 12 hours of randomization)
• postnatal blood gas with PCO2 ≤ 80 mmHg (arterial, capillary or venous blood gas) on the most recent blood gas sample obtained within 12 hours prior to randomization Note: Criteria (iv) to (vi) must be met at the most recent analysis within 12 hours prior to randomization. Infants are ineligible if they meet any of the following criteria:
• known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Note 1: infants of diabetic mothers with asymmetric septal hypertrophy can be included as long as there is no evidence of obstruction to left ventricular outflow tract on echocardiogram,
• Note 2: infants with other acyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) and CDH may be included in the study and will be a predetermined subgroup for analysis)
• cyanotic CHD
•transposition of great arteries (TGA), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR), partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR), truncus arteriosus (TA), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), single ventricle physiology
•hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), tricuspid atresia, critical pulmonic stenosis or atresia etc.,
• enrolled in conflicting clinical trials (such as a randomized controlled blinded trial of another pulmonary vasodilator therapy); Note: mothers enrolled in fetal tracheal occlusion studies such as FETO may be enrolled if permitted by investigators of the fetal tracheal occlusion study; [FETO refers to fetoscopic endoluminal tracheal occlusion and involves occlusion of fetal trachea with a balloon device at mid-gestation and subsequent removal in later gestation]
• infants with bilateral CDH o Note 3: infants with anterior and central defects are included in the study
• associated abnormalities of the trachea or esophagus (trachea-esophageal fistula, esophageal atresia, laryngeal web, tracheal agenesis)
• renal dysfunction (with serum creatinine > 2 mg/dL not due to maternal factors) or severe oligohydramnios associated with renal dysfunction at randomization; renal dysfunction may be secondary to renal anomalies or medical conditions such as acute tubular necrosis
• severe systemic hypotension (mean blood pressure < 35 mm Hg for at least 2 h with a vasoactive inotrope score of > 30)
• decision is made to provide comfort/ palliative care and not full treatment
• Intracranial bleed (including the following findings on the cranial ultrasound)
• Cerebral parenchymal hemorrhage
• Blood/echodensity in the ventricle with distension of the ventricle
• Periventricular hemorrhagic infarction
• Posterior fossa hemorrhage
• Cerebellar hemorrhage
• persistent thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 80,000/mm3) despite blood product administration on the most recent blood draw prior to randomization
• coagulopathy (PT INR > 1.7) despite blood product administration on the most recent blood draw (if checked
•there is no reason to check PT for the purpose of this study)
• aneuploidy associated with short life span (such as trisomy 13 or 18) will not be included in the study (infants with trisomy 21 can be included in the study)
• elevated arterial, venous or capillary PCO2 > 80 mmHg in spite of maximal ventilator support (including high frequency ventilation) on the most recent blood gas obtained within 12 hours prior to randomization
• use of milrinone infusion prior to randomization (the use of other inhaled pulmonary vasodilators such as iNO, inhaled epoprosternol, inhaled PGE1 and oral such as endothelin receptor antagonists is permitted
•Note: it is unlikely to be on oral pulmonary vasodilators early in the course of CDH)
• ongoing therapy with parenteral (intravenous or subcutaneous) pulmonary vasodilators such as IV/SQ prostacyclin analogs (Epoprostenol
•Flolan or Treprostinil
•Remodulin or PGE1
•Alprostadil) or IV phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (sildenafil
•Revatio) at the time of randomization. In addition, initiation of therapy with these two classes of parenteral medications during the first 24 hours of study drug initiation is not permitted and will be considered a protocol deviation. The risk of systemic hypotension is high during the first 24 hours of study-drug (milrinone) infusion and hence parenteral administration of other pulmonary vasodilators is avoided to minimize risk of hypotension.
• Subjects already on ECMO or patients who are being actively considered for ECMO by the neonatal or surgical team
• attending (neonatal, critical care or surgical) refusal for participation in the trial (including concern about presence of hemodynamic instability)

• Subjects of all races and ethnic origins over 18 years of age will be recruited.
• Patients must have suspicious or known to be malignant solitary pulmonary nodule,5cm or less in size.
• Patients with a contraindication to MRI examinations will be excluded from this study. Contraindications to MRI examinations include:
• Medically unstable
• Heart failure
• Unstable angina
• Child bearing
• Lactating
• Not a surgical candidate
• Any contraindication per MRI Screening Form (Appendix A attached). This is the same form used in clinical practice at UT Southwestern.
• Titanium implants, pacemakers
• Poorly controlled diabetes
• Body weight greater than 300 pounds
• Claustrophobic
• Since each patient is receiving a gadolinium based contrast agent intravenously:
• eGFR < 45 mL/min/1.73m2
• Sickle cell disease
• Hemolytic anemia

• Age > 18 years.
• ECOG performance status (PS) 0, 1, or 2.
• Radiographic findings consistent with non-small cell lung cancer, including lesions with ground glass opacities with a solid component of 50% or greater. Those with ground glass opacities and <50% solid component will be excluded.
• The primary tumor in the lung must be biopsy confirmed non-small cell lung cancer within 180 days prior to randomization.
• Tumor ≤ 4 cm maximum diameter, including clinical stage IA and selected IB by PET/CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen performed within 180 days prior to randomization. Repeat imaging within 90 days prior to randomization is recommended for re-staging but is not required based on institutional norms.
• All clinically suspicious mediastinal N1, N2, or N3 lymph nodes (> 1 cm short-axis dimension on CT scan and/or positive on PET scan) confirmed negative for involvement with NSCLC by one of the following methods: mediastinoscopy, anterior mediastinotomy, EUS/EBUS guided needle aspiration, CT-guided, video-assisted thoracoscopic or open lymph node biopsy within 180 days of randomization.
• Tumor verified by a thoracic surgeon to be in a location that will permit sublobar resection.
• Tumor located peripherally within the lung. NOTE: Peripheral is defined as not touching any surface within 2 cm of the proximal bronchial tree in all directions. See below. Patients with non-peripheral (central) tumors are NOT eligible.
• No evidence of distant metastases.
• Availability of pulmonary function tests (PFTs
•spirometry, DLCO, +/- arterial blood gases) within 180 days prior to registration. Patients with tracheotomy, etc, who are physically unable to perform PFTs (and therefore cannot be tested for the Major criteria in 3.1.11 below) are potentially still eligible if a study credentialed thoracic surgeon documents that the patient's health characteristics would otherwise have been acceptable for eligibility as a high risk but nonetheless operable patient (in particular be eligible for sublobar resection).
• Patient at high-risk for surgery by meeting a minimum of one major criteria or two minor criteria
• Major Criteria
• FEV1 ≤ 50% predicted (pre-bronchodilator value)
• DLCO ≤ 50% predicted (pre-bronchodilator value)
• Minor Criteria
• Age ≥75
• FEV1 51-60% predicted (pre-bronchodilator value)
• DLCO 51-60% predicted (pre-bronchodilator value)
• Pulmonary hypertension (defined as a pulmonary artery systolic pressure greater than 40mm Hg) as estimated by echocardiography or right heart catheterization
• Study credentialed thoracic surgeon believes the patient is potentially operable but that a lobectomy or pneumonectomy would be poorly tolerated by the patient for tangible or intangible reasons. The belief must be declared and documented in the medical record prior to randomization.
• Poor left ventricular function (defined as an ejection fraction of 40% or less)
• Resting or Exercise Arterial pO2 ≤ 55 mm Hg or SpO2 ≤ 88%
• pCO2 > 45 mm Hg
• Modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) Dyspnea Scale ≥ 3.
• No prior intra-thoracic radiation therapy for previously identified intra-thoracic primary tumor (e.g. previous lung cancer) on the ipsilateral side. NOTE: Previous radiotherapy as part of treatment for head and neck, breast, or other non-thoracic cancer is permitted so long as possible radiation fields would not overlap. Previous chemotherapy or surgical resection specifically for the lung cancer being treated on this protocol is NOT permitted.
• No prior lung resection on the ipsilateral side.
• Non-pregnant and non-lactating. Women of child-bearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test prior to registration. Peri-menopausal women must be amenorrheic > 12 months prior to registration to be considered not of childbearing potential.
• No prior invasive malignancy, unless disease-free for ≥ 3 years prior to registration (exceptions: non-melanoma skin cancer, in-situ cancers).
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent.
• evidence of distant metastases
• prior intra-thoracic radiation therapy. NOTE: Previous radiotherapy as part of treatment for head and neck, breast, or other non-thoracic cancer is permitted so long as possible radiation fields would not overlap. Previous chemotherapy or surgical resection specifically for the lung cancer being treated on this protocol is NOT permitted. No prior lung resection on the ipsilateral side.
• pregnant and lactating women
• prior invasive malignancy, unless disease-free for ≥ 3 years prior to registration (exceptions: non-melanoma skin cancer, in-situ cancers).

• Male or Female, age 18 years or older;
• Requires IVC filter for prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE);
• Provide written informed consent and written HIPAA authorization prior to initiation of study procedures;
• Willing to comply with the specified follow-up
• Subject is unable to participate in study evaluations pre- and post-treatment
• Known sensitivity to contrast or serious contrast reaction such as anaphylaxis for which premedication is known to be unsuccessful in alleviating symptoms

1. Cytologically or histologically and radiologically confirmed solid tumor that is inoperable, locally advanced, metastatic, or recurrent:
• Dose-Escalation Stage:
• Subjects with UC (including renal pelvis, ureter, bladder, urethra) after prior platinum-based therapy, or
• Subjects with RCC (clear cell, non-clear cell histology) with or without prior systemic anticancer therapy
• Expansion Stage:
• Inoperable locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor (UC, RCC, CRPC, NSCLC, TNBC, OC, EC, HCC, GC/GEJC, CRC, H&N cancer, and DTC as outlined above) 2. Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1 as determined by the investigator. 3. Tumor tissue material available (archival or recent tumor biopsy) 4. Recovery to baseline or ≤ Grade 1 CTCAE v4 from toxicities related to any prior treatments, unless AE(s) are clinically nonsignificant and/or stable on supportive therapy. 5. Age eighteen years or older on the day of consent. 6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 or 1. 7. Adequate organ and marrow function. 8. Sexually active fertile subjects and their partners must agree to use medically accepted methods of contraception. 9. Female subjects of childbearing potential must not be pregnant at screening. 1. Prior treatment with cabozantinib or immune checkpoint inhibitors including anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, anti-PD-L1, or anti-PD-L2 therapy except in Expansion Cohorts 5, 7,19 and 20. Other restrictions regarding prior therapy may apply. 2. Known brain metastases or cranial epidural disease unless adequately treated and stable for at least 4 weeks before first dose of study treatment. 3. Concomitant anticoagulation with oral anticoagulants. 4. Subject is receiving systemic steroid therapy or any other form of immunosuppressive therapy within 2 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment. 5. Administration of a live, attenuated vaccine within 30 days before first dose of study treatment. 6. The subject has uncontrolled, significant intercurrent or recent illness, including, but not limited to, an active or history of autoimmune disease or immune deficiency; idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, organizing pneumonia, pneumonitis; active infection requiring systemic treatment, infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), AIDS-related illness, acute or chronic hepatitis B or C infection, positive test for tuberculosis, moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C). 7. Pregnant or lactating females. 8. Previously identified allergy or hypersensitivity to components of the study treatment formulations. 9. Diagnosis of another malignancy within 2 years before first dose of study treatment.

1. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating subject has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study prior to initiation of any study-required procedures. 2. Is willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests and other study procedures. 3. Has completed the CXA-10-301 study and demonstrated compliance with study medication administration and study requirements. 4. If receiving simvastatin-containing products: simvastatin (Zocor), Vytorin, or any other combination therapy containing simvastatin, simvastatin dose does not exceed 20 mg/day. 5. Currently receiving no more than three of the following previously approved PAH therapies: phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA), soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, prostanoids, prostacyclin receptor agonists. 6. Women of childbearing potential and males with partners of childbearing potential must agree to use a reliable method of contraception while taking study medication. 1. Severe hypotension defined by systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg from sitting blood pressure measurement at Baseline. 2. Hypertensive defined by >160 mmHg systolic or >110 mmHg diastolic from sitting blood pressure measurement at Baseline. 3. QTcF on supine ECGs at Baseline (Visit 1) of >500 msec. 4. Acute myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome (ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction [STEMI], Non STEMI [NSTEMI] and or unstable angina) within the last 90 days prior to Baseline. 5. Recent cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack (CVA/TIA) within the last 90 days prior to Baseline. 6. Recent hospitalization for left heart failure within the last 90 days prior to Baseline. 7. Clinically significant aortic or mitral valve disease defined as greater than mild regurgitation or mild stenosis; pericardial constriction; restrictive or constrictive cardiomyopathy; left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF < 50%); left ventricular outflow obstruction; symptomatic coronary artery disease; autonomic hypotension; or fluid depletion, in the opinion of the investigator. 8. Chronic atrial fibrillation and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. 9. Personal or family history of congenital prolonged QTc syndrome or sudden unexpected death due to a cardiac reason. 10. Clinically significant anemia in the opinion of the investigator that precludes enrollment into this study, or Hb <9 gm/dl. 11. Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C with or without cirrhosis) at Baseline or active chronic hepatitis. 12. Received intravenous inotropes within 2 weeks prior to Baseline (e.g. dopamine, dobutamine). 13. History of angina pectoris or other condition that was treated with long or short acting nitrates <12 weeks of Baseline. 14. History of herbal or natural medication use (including fish oil) within 2 weeks or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to Baseline. 15. Received prednisone at doses > 15 mg/ day or changes in immunosuppressive medications <12 weeks prior to Baseline. 16. Currently taking a drug that may affect the assay measurement of serum creatinine (e.g. cimetidine, Bactrim, Pyridium). A list is provided in Appendix H. 21. Newly prescribed drug or increased dose of an existing drug that is known to prolong the QTc interval and has been associated with Torsades de Pointes (TdP) identified in the CredibleMeds.org website list as known risk (KR) of TdP. Note: Stable doses of drugs classified as conditional risk (CR) of TdP or possible risk (PR) of TdP are permitted (i.e., subject has received the same dose and regimen for at least 30 days prior to Baseline with no anticipated changes to the dose or regimen during the course of the study). 22. Currently taking dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera™). 23. Any of the following laboratories abnormal and unresolved in CXA-10-301: 1. Absolute lymphocyte counts < 0.5 x 109 cells/L. 2. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 3.0X upper limit of normal (ULN), alkaline phosphatase (AP) > 2X ULN of liver origin, and total bilirubin >2X ULN. If all liver function tests (LFTs) are within normal limits (WNL) and total bilirubin is elevated, examination of direct and indirect bilirubin may be conducted to evaluate for Rotor's/Gilbert's Syndrome. Subjects with Rotor's/Gilbert's Syndrome may be enrolled. 3. eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (estimated by Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration [CKD-EPI] Creatinine/Cystatin C 2012 algorithm) at Baseline. 24. Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or who are trying to conceive. 25. Recent (within 1 year) history of abusing alcohol or illicit drugs. 26. History of any primary malignancy, including a history of melanoma or suspicious undiagnosed skin lesions, or other malignancies (such as thyroid or testicular) that have been curatively treated and with no evidence of disease for at least 3 years or prostate cancer who is not currently or expected, during the study, to undergo radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgical intervention, or to initiate hormonal treatment. Exception: subjects with history of basal cell or squamous cell carcinomas of the skin or cervical carcinoma in situ are eligible for enrollment. 27. Cardiovascular, liver, renal, hematologic, gastrointestinal, immunologic, endocrine, metabolic, central nervous system or psychiatric disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, may adversely affect the safety of the subject and/or efficacy of the investigational product or severely limit the lifespan of the subject other than the condition being studied. 28. Clinically significant hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism not adequately treated. 29. Any other condition and/or situation that causes the Investigator to deem a subject unsuitable for the study (e.g., due to expected study medication non- compliance, inability to medically tolerate the study procedures, or a subject's unwillingness to comply with study-related procedures). 30. Known hypersensitivity to CXA-10, the metabolites, or formulation excipients. 31. Treatment with any investigational drug (other than CXA-10) or device within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to Baseline (this includes investigational formulations of marketed products, inhaled and topical drugs), or plans to participate in an investigational drug or device study at any time during this study.

• Male or female subject aged ≥40 years on the day of signing the Informed Consent Form (ICF).
• A diagnosis of IPF within 5 years prior to the screening visit, as per applicable American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS)/Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS)/Latin American Thoracic Association (ALAT) guidelines at the time of diagnosis.
• Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) historically performed within 12 months prior to the screening visit and according to the minimum requirements for IPF diagnosis by central review based on subject's HRCT only (if no lung biopsy (LB) available), or based on both HRCT and LB (with application of the different criteria in either situation). If an evaluable HRCT <12 months prior to screening is not available, an HRCT can be performed at screening to determine eligibility, according to the same requirements as the historical HRCT.
• Subjects receiving local standard of care for the treatment of IPF, defined as either pirfenidone or nintedanib, at a stable dose for at least two months before screening, and during screening; or neither pirfenidone or nintedanib (for any reason). A stable dose is defined as the highest dose tolerated by the subject during those two months.
• The extent of fibrotic changes is greater than the extent of emphysema on the most recent HRCT scan (investigator-determined).
• Meeting all of the following criteria during the screening period: FVC ≥45% predicted of normal, Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/FVC ≥0.7, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) corrected for Hb ≥30% predicted of normal.
• Estimated minimum life expectancy of at least 30 months for non IPF related disease in the opinion of the investigator.
• Male subjects and female subjects of childbearing potential agree to use highly effective contraception/preventive exposure measures from the time of first dose of investigational medicinal product (IMP) (for the male subject) or the signing of the ICF (for the female subject), during the study, and until 90 days (male) or 30 days (female) after the last dose of IMP.
• Able to walk at least 150 meters during the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) at screening Visit 1; without having a contraindication to perform the 6MWT or without a condition putting the subject at risk of falling during the test (investigator's discretion). The use of a cane is allowed, the use of a stroller is not allowed at all for any condition. At Visit 2, for the oxygen titration test, resting oxygen saturation (SpO2) should be ≥88% with maximum 6 L O2/minute; during the walk, SpO2 should be ≥83% with 6 L O2/minute or ≥88% with 0, 2 or 4 L O2/minute.
• History of malignancy within the past 5 years (except for carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix, basal cell carcinoma of the skin that has been treated with no evidence of recurrence, prostate cancer that has been medically managed through active surveillance or watchful waiting, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin if fully resected, and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ).
• Acute IPF exacerbation within 6 months prior to screening and/or during the screening period. The definition of an acute IPF exacerbation is as follows: Previous or concurrent diagnosis of IPF; Acute worsening or development of dyspnea typically < 1 month duration; Computed tomography with new bilateral ground-glass opacity and/or consolidation superimposed on a background pattern consistent with usual interstitial pneumonia pattern and deterioration not fully explained by cardiac failure or fluid overload.
• Lower respiratory tract infection requiring antibiotics within 4 weeks prior to screening and/or during the screening period.
• Interstitial lung disease associated with known primary diseases (e.g. sarcoidosis and amyloidosis), exposures (e.g. radiation, silica, asbestos, and coal dust), or drugs (e.g. amiodarone).
• Diagnosis of severe pulmonary hypertension (investigator determined).
• Unstable cardiovascular, pulmonary (other than IPF), or other disease within 6 months prior to screening or during the screening period (e.g. acute coronary disease, heart failure, and stroke).
• Had gastric perforation within 3 months prior to screening or during screening, and/or underwent major surgery within 3 months prior to screening, during screening or have major surgery planned during the study period.
• Moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C) and/or abnormal liver function test (LFT) at screening, defined as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and/or total bilirubin ≥1.5 x upper limit of the normal range (ULN), and/or gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) ≥3 x ULN. Retesting is allowed once for abnormal LFT.
• Abnormal renal function defined as estimated creatinine clearance, calculated according to Cockcroft-Gault calculation (CCr) <30 mL/min. Retesting is allowed once.
• Use of any of the following therapies within 4 weeks prior to screening and during the screening period, or planned during the study: warfarin, imatinib, ambrisentan, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine A, bosentan, methotrexate, sildenafil (except for occasional use), prednisone at steady dose >10 mg/day or equivalent.

1. Age 18 years and older 2. Admitted to Cardiovascular ICU (CVICU) after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), isolated valve repair/replacement, or CABG + valve repair/replacement 3. Cardiac surgery performed via median sternotomy 1. BMI>40 2. Currently enrolled to a research study 3. Refusal to be consented 4. Prior or current lung transplant patients

Participant(s) who meet all of the following criteria are eligible for enrollment. Participant(s) may be reassessed if not initially eligible. Participants are eligible if they:
• Have a primary place of residence in one of the pre-selected recruitment census tracts as outlined in the Inner City Asthma Consortium (ICAC) Manual of Procedures (MOP);
• Have a diagnosis of asthma made by a clinician >1 year prior to recruitment;
• Have had at least 2 asthma exacerbations in the prior year, defined as a requirement for systemic corticosteroids and/or hospitalization;
• Have the following requirement for asthma controller medication at the Screening and Enrollment Visit (Visit 0) according to the MEDS program[4, 2]:
• For participants aged 6 to 11 years, treatment with at least fluticasone 250 mcg 1 puff twice daily or its equivalent;
• For participants ages12 years and older, treatment with at least Advair 250/50 mcg 1 puff twice daily or its equivalent.
• Have peripheral blood eosinophils >=150 per mm^3. Results can be obtained from participation in a previous ICAC study if obtained within 6 months of the Screening and Enrollment Visit (Visit 0);
• Currently a non-smoker;
• Parent/legal guardian is willing to sign the written informed consent;
• Participant is willing to sign the assent form as per central Institutional Review Board (IRB) guidelines;
• Has some form of insurance that covers costs of usual care asthma control and rescue medications at the Screening and Enrollment Visit (Visit 0). Participant(s) who meet any of the following criteria are not eligible for enrollment but may be reassessed. Participant(s) are ineligible if they:
• Are currently pregnant or lactating;
• Are currently receiving treatment with anti-immunoglobulin E (anti-IgE) therapy or have had anti-IgE therapy in the previous 3 months prior to screening;
• Are currently receiving immunotherapy;
• Have clinically significant abnormalities on complete blood count (CBC) with differential as determined by the site study clinician. Results can be obtained from participation in a previous ICAC study [including Registry for Asthma Characterization and Recruitment 2 (RACR2), NCT02513264} if obtained within the last 6 months of Visit 0;
• Was treated with systemic corticosteroids for any medical condition including an asthma exacerbation within the 2 weeks prior to Visit 0;
• Have had a cold in the previous 7 days;
• Are currently participating in an asthma-related pharmaceutical study or intervention study or has participated in another asthma-related pharmaceutical study or intervention study in the previous 4 weeks prior to recruitment;
• Are currently requiring greater than fluticasone 500 mcg bid plus long-acting beta agonist (LABA) 1 puff twice daily or its equivalent and\or individuals using oral corticosteroids daily or every other day at Visit 0. Participants who meet any of the following criteria are not eligible for enrollment and may not be reassessed. Participants are ineligible if they:
• Have any medical illnesses that in the opinion of the investigators would a.) increase the risk the participant would incur by participating in the study, b.) interfere with the measured outcomes of the study, or c.) interfere with the performance of the study procedures. Examples of such diseases are: phenylketonuria, cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, Type 1 diabetes, hemophilia, Von Willebrands disease, sickle cell disease, cerebral palsy, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, hyperimmunoglobulin E syndrome, parasite infections, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
• Have concurrent medical problems that would require systemic corticosteroids (other than for treatment of an asthma exacerbation) or other immunomodulators during the study;
• Currently have diagnosed cancer, are currently being investigated for possible cancer, or have a history of cancer;
• Have plans to move from the area during the study period;
• Do not primarily speak English (or Spanish at clinical sites with Spanish speaking staff);
• Have a primary caretaker who does not speak English (or Spanish at clinical sites with Spanish-speaking staff; not applicable if participant is able to provide consent);
• Are a foster child;
• Will not allow the study clinician to manage their disease for the duration of the study or are not willing to change their asthma medications to follow the protocol;
• Are not able to perform pulmonary function tests;
• Have known hypersensitivity to any of the medications that will be used for the treatment of asthma;
• Have had a life-threatening asthma exacerbation in the last 2 years requiring intubation, mechanical ventilation, or resulting in a hypoxic seizure.

• PATIENT PRE-REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
• For pre-surgical patients
• Suspected diagnosis of resectable non-small cell lung cancer; cancers with a histology of "adenosquamous" are considered a type of adenocarcinoma and thus a "nonsquamous" histology; patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible
• Suspected clinical stage of IIIA, II (IIA or IIB) or large IB (defined as size >= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors < 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is >= 4 cm; the 7th edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging will be utilized
• For post-surgical patients
• Completely resected non-small cell lung cancer with negative margins (R0); patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible only if they have not received adjuvant therapy
• Pathologic stage IIIA, II (IIA or IIB) or large IB (defined as size >= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors < 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is >= 4 cm; the 7th edition of AJCC staging will be utilized
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
• No patients who have received neoadjuvant therapy (chemo- or radio-therapy) for this lung cancer
• No locally advanced or metastatic cancer requiring systemic therapy within 5 years prior to registration; no secondary primary lung cancer diagnosed concurrently or within 2 year prior to registration
• No prior treatment with agents targeting EGFR mutation, ALK rearrangement, and PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4
• No patients known to be pregnant or lactating
• Patients who have had local genotyping are eligible, regardless of the local result
• No patients with recurrence of lung cancer after prior resection
• Note: Post-surgical patients should proceed to registration immediately following preregistration
• PATIENT REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
• Tissue available for the required analyses (either clinical tissue block or slides and scrolls)
• Completely resected NSCLC with negative margins (R0); cancers with a histology of "adenosquamous" are considered a type of adenocarcinoma and thus a "nonsquamous" histology
• Pathologic stage IIIA, IIA or IIB, or large IB (defined as size >= 4 cm); Note: IB tumors < 4 cm are NOT eligible; stage IB cancer based on pleural invasion is not eligible unless the tumor size is >= 4 cm; the 7th edition of AJCC staging will be utilized
• Patients with squamous cell carcinoma are eligible only if they have not received adjuvant therapy
• In order to allow for time for central genotyping and eligibility for the ALCHEMIST treatment trial, patients must register within the following eligibility windows:
• Squamous patients:
• No adjuvant therapy permitted, register patient within 77 days following surgery
• Non-squamous patients:
• If no adjuvant therapy, register patient within 75 days following surgery
• If adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy only, register patient within 225 days following surgery
• If adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation, register patient within 285 days following surgery

• Locally advanced or metastatic non small cell lung cancer that has been cytologically or histologically confirmed
• Anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement based on FDA approved test (e.g., Vysius break apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using Ventana)
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status greater than or equal to 2
• Age 18 years or older
• Previous treatment with one second generation ALK inhibitor (e.g., ceritinib or alectinib) other than brigatinib
• Brain lesions may be used as target lesions if progressing, are greater than or equal to 10mm in longest diameter and if they were not previously treated with any of the following: whole brain radiation therapy within 3 months; Stereotactic radiosurgery; surgical resection
• Availability of core biopsy of progressive lesion taken within 60 days prior to D1 of treatment under study therapy or willing to undergo tumor biopsy: NOTE:. All subjects must consent to provide tumor blocks or slides. If archival tissue is not available and biopsies to obtain fresh tumor tissue cannot be performed with minimal risk to the subject, subjects may be permitted to enroll on the study with prior approval of the Study PI.
• Recovered from toxicities related to prior anticancer treatment to greater than or equal to grade 2 or baseline with the exception of alopecia
• Have normal QT interval on ECG evaluation QT corrected Fridericia (QTcF) of ≤ 450 ms in males or ≤ 470 ms in females
• Adequate organ function
• At least 1 measurable lesion per RECIST version 1.1
• Negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days of day 1 of treatment in women of childbearing potential
• If fertile, willing to use highly effective form of contraception during the dosing period and for at least 4 months after the dosing period
• Ability to provide signed informed consent and willing and able to comply with all study requirements
• History or the presence of pulmonary interstitial disease, drug-related pneumonitis, or radiation pneumonitis
• Prior treatment with brigatinib
• History of or active significant gastrointestinal bleeding within 3 months
• Malabsorption syndrome or other gastrointestinal illness that could affect oral absorption of the study drug
• Received cytotoxic chemotherapy, investigational agents or radiation within 7 days prior to day 1 of study treatment
• Received prior ALK TKI therapy within 7 days prior to day 1 of treatment under study drug. 7 day wash out period is required after prior ALK inhibitor treatment
• Have significant, uncontrolled, or active cardiovascular disease
• Have been diagnosed with another primary malignancy within the past 3 years (except for adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, cervical cancer in situ, or prostate cancer, which are allowed within 3 years)
• Have symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastases that are neurologically unstable or require an increasing dose of corticosteroids
• Have active infection requiring intravenous antibiotics
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Have any condition or illness that, in the opinion of the investigator would compromise patient safety or interfere with evaluation of the study drug