1. Written informed consent obtained from participant. 2. Confirmed diagnosis of CF according to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) 2017 Consensus Guidelines. 3. History of chronic pulmonary infection with M. avium complex (MAC) or M. abscessus complex (MABSC) (defined as at least three positive NTM cultures (sputum or BAL for the same species (MAC) or subspecies (MABSC) within the 2 years prior to the screening visit, with at least one positive within the past 6 months and a minimum of 50% of NTM cultures positive over the past 2 years) that does not demonstrate response to current treatment course based on decreasing NTM burden or frequency of positive cultures, and in the opinion of the Investigator is unlikely to resolve with current treatment course. 4. Subject fulfills criteria for inclusion in one of the following groups: Group 1: Subject with chronic pulmonary MAC or MABSC infection currently on a multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen, which has been ongoing for at least 9 months prior to the Baseline visit. Group 2: Subject with chronic pulmonary MAC or MABSC infection who has stopped a multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen at least 28 days prior to Screening due to lack of response or intolerance. Group 3: Subjects with chronic pulmonary MAC or MABSC infection not meeting recommendations for treatment with a multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen based on failure to meet ATS/IDSA criteria for NTM pulmonary disease (i.e. absence of radiologic findings and clinical symptoms beyond what is expected from underlying CF). 5. Ability to produce sputum or be willing to undergo an induction protocol that produces sputum for clinical evaluation. 6. An additional sputum culture performed by the central laboratory, which is positive for the same species (MAC) or subspecies (MABSC) of NTM as before the trial within 10 weeks of Baseline. 7. CF which in the Investigator's opinion is clinically stable and not expected to require lung transplantation within the next year. 8. FEV1 ≥ 30% of predicted at screening that is normalized for age, gender, race, and height, using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equation. 9. Subjects who are co-infected with a respiratory pathogen, e.g. P. aeruginosa or S. aureus, must either be stable on a regular suppression antibiotic regimen or must be, in the opinion of the Investigator, stable despite the lack of such treatment. 10. Female or male ≥18 years of age. 11. If female, subjects who have been post-menopausal for more than 1 year or females of childbearing potential after a confirmed menstrual period using a highly efficient method of contraception (i.e. a method with less than 1% failure rate) during and until 30 days after last dose of trial treatment, having a negative serum pregnancy test at Screening (Visit 1) and a negative urine pregnancy test at dosing at Baseline (Visit 2) and must not be lactating. For purposes of this study, the Sponsor defines "acceptable methods of contraception" as:
• Oral birth control pills administered for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to administration of the study drug.
• A synthetic progestin implanted rod (eg, Implanon®) for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to the study drug administration but not beyond the 4th successive year following insertion.
• Intrauterine devices (IUDs), inserted by a qualified clinician for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to study drug administration.
• Medroxyprogesterone acetate (eg, Depo-Provera®) administered for a minimum of 1 monthly cycle prior to administration of the study drug and continuing through 1 month following study completion.
• Hysterectomy or surgical sterilization.
• Vasectomized partner
• Abstinence. Double barrier method (diaphragm with spermicidal gel or condoms with contraceptive foam) is not considered an acceptable form of contraception. NOTE: For subjects prescribed Orkambi: Orkambi may substantially decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing the effectiveness and increasing the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions. Hormonal contraceptives, including oral, injectable, transdermal, and implantable, should not be relied upon as an effective method of contraception when co-administered with Orkambi. 12. If male, subjects who, if sexually active of reproductive potential and non-sterile (i.e., male who has not been sterilized by vasectomy for at least 6 months and not diagnosed with infertility through demonstration of azoospermia in a semen sample and/or absence of vas deferens through ultrasound) are willing to use a barrier method of contraception, or their female partner must use an acceptable method of contraception, during the study and until 30 days after last dose of medication. 13. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other trial procedures specified in the protocol as judged by the Investigator. Exclusion criteria: 1. Use of non-maintenance antibiotic for a concurrent pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection within 28 days prior to the Baseline visit. 2. Use of a maintenance antibiotic regimen containing azithromycin for a concurrent non-NTM pulmonary infection within 28 days prior to the Baseline visit. For subjects in Group 1, azithromycin is allowed if part of ongoing multidrug NTM guideline-based antimycobacterial regimen. 3. Prior therapy with inhaled or systemic granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). 4. Subjects with hemoptysis of ≥60 mL in a 24-hour period within 4 weeks prior to Screening. 5. Life expectancy of less than 6 months according to Investigator's judgement. 6. History of, or present, myeloproliferative disease, leukemia or other hematological malignancy. 7. Active pulmonary malignancy (primary or metastatic); or any malignancy requiring chemotherapy or radiation therapy within 1 year prior to Screening or anticipated during the study period. 8. Active autoimmune disorder or other condition requiring therapy associated with significant immunosuppression, e.g. such as systemic corticosteroids at a dose equivalent of 10 mg/day or more of prednisolone or other significant immunosuppressant medications, within 3 months prior to Screening or anticipated during the study period. Inhaled or topical corticosteroids, or brief courses (<14 days) of systemic corticosteroids for pulmonary exacerbations or other self-limited conditions are permitted. 9. Changes in antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid medications, or changes in Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) modulators, within 28 days prior to the Baseline visit. 10. Pulmonary tuberculosis requiring treatment or treated within 2 years prior to Screening. 11. History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other disease associated with significant immunodeficiency. 12. History of lung or other solid organ transplantation or currently on the list to receive lung or other solid organ transplantation. 13. History of congestive heart failure (CHF) New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or greater in severity. 14. History of cardiovascular ischemic event within 6 months of Baseline. 15. Any change in chronic NTM multi-drug antimycobacterial regimen within 28 days prior to Screening. 16. Treatment with any investigational medicinal product within 28 days of Screening. 17. Previous experience of severe and unexplained side-effects during aerosol delivery of any kind of medicinal product. 18. Any other condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude informed consent or assent, make study participation unsafe, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives.

1. The participant must be able to provide written, personally signed, and dated informed consent to participate in the study before completing any study-related procedures. As applicable, a parent/both parents or legally authorized representative (LAR) must provide signature of informed consent and there must be documentation of assent by the participant before completing any study-related procedures. 2. The participant must be a recipient of hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplant. 3. The participant must have a documented CMV infection in whole blood or plasma, with a screening value of greater than or equal to (>=) 2730 international units per milliliter (IU/mL) in whole blood or >= 910 IU/mL in plasma in 2 consecutive assessments, separated by at least 1 day, as determined by local or central specialty laboratory quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or comparable quantitative CMV DNA results. Both samples should be taken within 14 days prior to randomization with second sample obtained within 5 days prior to randomization. The same laboratory and same sample type (whole blood or plasma) must be used for these assessments. 4. The participant must have a current CMV infection that is refractory to the most recently administered of the four anti-CMV treatment agents. Refractory is defined as documented failure to achieve greater than (>) 1 log10 (common logarithm to base 10) decrease in CMV DNA level in whole blood or plasma after a 14 day or longer treatment period with intravenous (IV) ganciclovir/oral valganciclovir, IV foscarnet, or IV cidofovir. a. Participants with documentation of 1 or more CMV genetic mutations associated with resistance to ganciclovir/valganciclovir, foscarnet, and/or cidofovir must also meet the definition of refractory CMV infection. 5. The Investigator must be willing to treat the participant with at least one of the available anti-CMV drugs (ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir). Note: Combination therapy with foscarnet and cidofovir is not permitted in the investigator-assigned anti-CMV treatment (IAT) arm due to the potential for serious nephrotoxicity. 6. The participant must be >= 12 years of age at the time of consent. 7. The participant must weigh >= 35 kilogram (kg). 8. The participant must have all of the following results as part of screening laboratory assessments (results from either the central laboratory or a local laboratory can be used for qualification): 1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/ millimeter cube (mm^3) (1.0 x 10^9/liter [L]) 2. Platelet count >= 25,000/mm^3 [25 x 10^9/L], 3. Hemoglobin >= 8 grams per deciliter (g/dL). 4. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 30 (milliliters per minute (mL/min) /1.73 square meter (m^2) as assessed by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula for participants >= 18 years of age or Schwartz formula for participants less than (<) 18 years of age. 9. The participant must have a negative serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) pregnancy test at screening, if a female of child bearing potential. Additional urine pregnancy tests may be done per institutional requirements. Sexually active females of child bearing potential must agree to comply with any applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol. If male, must agree to use an acceptable method of birth control, as defined in the protocol, during the study treatment administration period and for 90 days afterward if treated with maribavir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, or cidofovir and for 180 days afterward if treated with foscarnet. 10. The participant must be able to swallow tablets, or receive tablets crushed and/or dispensed in water via nasogastric or orogastric tube. 11. The participant must be willing and have an understanding and ability to fully comply with study procedures and restrictions defined in the protocol. 12. The participant must be willing to provide necessary samples (example [e.g,] biopsy) for the diagnosis of tissue invasive CMV disease at baseline as determined by the Investigator. 13. The participant must have a life expectancy of >= 8 weeks. 1. Have a current CMV infection that is considered refractory or resistant due to inadequate adherence to prior anti-CMV treatment, to the best knowledge of the Investigator. 2. Require ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir administration for conditions other than CMV when study treatment is initiated (example: herpes simplex virus (HSV) coinfection requiring use of any of these agents after the randomization) or would need a coadministration with maribavir for CMV infection. NOTE: A participant who is not continuing with the same anti-CMV drug(s) (ganciclovir, valganciclovir or foscarnet) for the study treatment (if randomized to the investigator assigned anti-CMV treatment arm), must discontinue their use before the first dose of study drug. If participant is currently being treated with cidofovir and is assigned another anti-CMV therapy by the investigator, the participant must discontinue its use at least 14 days prior to randomization at Visit 2/Day 0 and the first dose of study treatment. 3. Be receiving leflunomide, letermovir, or artesunate when study treatment is initiated. NOTE: Participants receiving leflunomide must discontinue the use at least 14 days prior to randomization at Visit 2/Day 0 and the first dose of study treatment. Participants receiving letermovir must discontinue use at least 3 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. Participants receiving artesunate must discontinue the use prior to the first dose of study treatment. 4. Have severe vomiting, diarrhea, or other severe gastrointestinal illness within 24 hours prior to the first dose of study treatment that would preclude administration of oral/enteral medication. 5. Have known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to an excipient for a study treatment. 6. Have tissue invasive CMV disease with central nervous system involvement including the retina (example, CMV retinitis). 7. Have serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening, or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 5 times ULN at screening, or total bilirubin >= 3.0 x ULN at screening (except for documented Gilbert's syndrome), by local or central lab. Participants with biopsy confirmed CMV hepatitis will not be excluded from study participation despite AST or ALT > 5 times ULN at screening. 8. Have known positive results for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants must have a confirmed negative HIV test result within 3 months of study entry or, if unavailable, be tested by a local laboratory during the screening period. 9. Require mechanical ventilation or vasopressors for hemodynamic support at the time of enrollment. 10. Be female and pregnant or breast feeding. 11. Have previously received maribavir. 12. Have received any investigational agent with known anti-CMV activity within 30 days before initiation of study treatment or investigational CMV vaccine at any time. 13. Have received any unapproved agent or device within 30 days before initiation of study treatment. 14. Have active malignancy with the exception of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Participants who have had a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and who experience relapse or progression of the malignancy as per investigator's opinion are not to be enrolled. 15. Be undergoing treatment for acute or chronic hepatitis C. 16. Have any clinically significant medical or surgical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, could interfere with the interpretation of study results, contraindicate the administration of the assigned study treatment, or compromise the safety or well-being of the participant.

• Tested positive for influenza A infection after the onset of symptoms using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based or other rapid molecular diagnostic assay
• Requires hospitalization to treat influenza infection and/or to treat complications of influenza infection (for example, radiological signs of lower respiratory tract disease, septic shock, central nervous system [CNS] involvement, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, acute exacerbation of chronic kidney disease, severe dehydration, myocarditis, pericarditis, ischemic heart disease, exacerbation of underlying chronic pulmonary disease, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD], decompensation of previously controlled diabetes mellitus), including participants admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)
• Enrollment and initiation of study drug treatment less than or equal to (<=)96 hours after onset of influenza symptoms
• Being on invasive mechanical ventilation or having a peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) less than (<)94 percent (%) on room air during screening. Participants with known pre-influenza SpO2 <94% must have an SpO2 decline greater than or equal to (>=)3% from pre-influenza SpO2 during screening
• Having a screening/baseline National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2) of >=4
• Received more than 3 doses of influenza antiviral medication (for example, oseltamivir [OST] or zanamivir), or any dose of ribavarin (RBV) within 2 weeks, prior to first study drug intake. Received intravenous (IV) peramivir more than one day prior to screening
• Unstable angina pectoris or myocardial infarction within 30 days prior to screening (inclusive)
• Presence of clinically significant heart arrhythmias, uncontrolled, unstable atrial arrhythmia, or sustained ventricular arrhythmia, or risk factors for Torsade de Pointes syndrome
• Known severe hepatic impairment (Child Pugh C cirrhosis) or chronic hepatitis C infection undergoing hepatitis C antiviral therapy
• Severely immunocompromised in the opinion of the investigator (for example, known cluster of differentiation 4 plus [CD4+] count <200 cells per cubic millimeter [cells/mm^3], absolute neutrophil count <750/mm^3, first course of chemotherapy completed within 2 weeks prior to screening, history of stem cell transplant within 1 year prior to screening, any history of a lung transplant)
• Known allergies, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to pimodivir or its excipients

Key
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent, or with a legal representative who can provide informed consent, or enrolled under International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) E6(R2) 4.8.15 emergency use provisions as deemed necessary by the investigator (age ≥18), or willing and able to provide assent (age ≥12 to <18, where locally and nationally approved) prior to performing study procedures
• Aged ≥ 18 years (at all sites), or aged ≥ 12 and < 18 years of age weighing ≥ 40 kg (where permitted according to local law and approved nationally and by the relevant institutional review board (IRB) or independent ethics committee (IEC))
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test ≤ 4 days before randomization
• Currently hospitalized
• Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≤ 94% or requiring supplemental oxygen at screening Key
• Participation in any other clinical trial of an experimental treatment for COVID-19
• Concurrent treatment with other agents with actual or possible direct acting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 is prohibited < 24 hours prior to study drug dosing
• Evidence of multiorgan failure
• Mechanically ventilated (including V-V ECMO) ≥ 5 days, or any duration of V-A ECMO.
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 5 X upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula for participants ≥ 18 years of age {Cockcroft 1976} and Schwartz Formula for participants < 18 years of age Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

• Biopsy proven (from primary lesion and/or lymph nodes) diagnosis of cancer of the nasopharynx
• Patients must have detectable pretreatment plasma EBV DNA, determined by the central lab prior to Step 2 registration
• Stage II-IVB disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], 7th edition [ed.]) with no evidence of distant metastasis, based upon the following minimum diagnostic workup:
• History/physical examination by a Medical Oncologist or Clinical Oncologist or Radiation Oncologist or Ear, Nose, Throat specialist (ENT), which must include an endoscopic evaluation, a complete list of current medications, and assessment of weight and weight loss in the past 6 months within 21 days prior to registration
• Evaluation of tumor extent with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasopharynx and neck within 28 days prior to registration; if MRI is medically contraindicated, obtain computed tomography (CT) scan with =< 3 mm contiguous slices with contrast and bone windows (to evaluate base of skull involvement); Note: If a treatment planning CT scan is used, it must be with =< 3 mm contiguous slices with contrast and be read by a radiologist
• To rule out distant metastasis, patients must undergo the following imaging within 28 days prior to registration:
• A CT scan with contrast of the chest, abdomen, and/or pelvis or a total body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan (non-contrast PET/CT is acceptable)
• A bone scan only when there is suspicion of bone metastases (a PET/CT scan can substitute for the bone scan)
• Zubrod performance status 0-1 within 21 days prior to registration
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 cells/mm^3
• Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dl (Note: the use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve hemoglobin [Hgb] >= 8.0 g/dl is acceptable)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
• Alkaline phosphatase =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 mg/dl or calculated creatinine clearance (CC) >= 50 ml/min determined by 24-hour urine collection or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration for women of childbearing potential
• Women of childbearing potential and male participants who are sexually active must agree to use a medically effective means of birth control throughout protocol treatment
• Patient must provide study specific informed consent prior to study entry, including the mandatory pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA assay
• Prior invasive malignancy (except node negative, non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 1095 days (3 years) (for example, carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix are all permissible)
• Prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable; however, at least 6-weeks recovery is necessary if the last regimen included nitrosourea or mitomycin
• Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
• Patients with hearing loss assessed to be primarily sensorineural in nature, requiring a hearing aid, or intervention (i.e. interfering in a clinically significant way with activities of daily living); a conductive hearing loss that is tumor-related is allowed
• >= Grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy (CTCAE, v. 4.0)
• Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows:
• Major medical or psychiatric illness, which in the investigator's opinion would interfere with the completion of therapy and follow up or with full understanding of the risks and potential complications of the therapy
• Unstable angina and/or uncontrolled congestive heart failure within the past 6 months
• Myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration; note that patients switched from IV antibiotics and currently on oral antibiotics whose infection is assessed to be adequately treated or controlled are eligible
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy within 30 days prior to registration
• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition; note, however, that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is not required for entry into this protocol
• Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception
• Prior allergic reaction to the study drug(s) involved in this protocol
• Patients with undetectable pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA

• born between 1945 and 1965
• ≥ 1 outpatient visit during 12 months prior to randomization at Parkland
• no prior HCV screening (prior HCV antibody, viral load, or genotype).
• any active medical coverage
• speaks Spanish or English
• a life expectancy less than one year including end stage CHF, end stage COPD, metastatic cancer, and those who received a palliative care or hospice referral in the past year
• history of HCC.
• non-English or Spanish speakers
• no address or phone number on file

Inclusion Criteria 1. Subjects ≥ 6 years of age at time of Informed Consent Form (ICF) or Assent Form signing. 2. Confirmed diagnosis of CF, determined by having clinical features consistent with the CF phenotype, plus one of the following: 1. Positive sweat chloride test (value ≥ 60 mEq/L), 2. Genotype with 2 mutations consistent with CF (i.e., a mutation in each of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator [CFTR] genes). 3. Positive sputum culture or a throat swab culture for MRSA at Screening. 4. In addition to the Screening sample, have at least 2 prior sputum or throat swab cultures positive for MRSA, of which at least 1 sample is more than 6 months prior to Screening. At least 50% of all MRSA cultures (sputum or throat swab culture) collected from the time of the first positive culture (in the previous 1 year) must have tested positive for MRSA. (Note: Screening sample may count towards 50% positive count) 5. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 30% and ≤ 90% of predicted that is normal for age, gender, race, and height, using the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) equation. 6. At least 1 episode of acute pulmonary infection treated with non-maintenance antibiotics within 12 months prior to the Baseline visit. (Initiation of treatment with intermittent inhaled anti-Pseudomonal therapy will not qualify as treatment with non-maintenance antibiotics). 7. If female of childbearing potential, an acceptable method of contraception must be used during the study and must be combined with a negative pregnancy test obtained during Screening; sexually active male subjects of reproductive potential who are non-sterile (i.e., male who has not been sterilized by vasectomy for at least 6 months, and were not diagnosed with infertility through demonstration of azoospermia in a semen sample and/or absence of vas deferens through ultrasound) must be willing to use a barrier method of contraception, or their female partner must use an acceptable method of contraception, during the study. For purposes of this study, the Sponsor defines "acceptable methods of contraception" as: 1. Oral birth control pills administered for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to administration of the study drug. 2. A synthetic progestin implanted rod (eg, Implanon®) for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to the study drug administration but not beyond the 4th successive year following insertion. 3. Intrauterine devices (IUDs), inserted by a qualified clinician for at least 1 monthly cycle prior to study drug administration. 4. Medroxyprogesterone acetate (eg, Depo-Provera®) administered for a minimum of 1 monthly cycle prior to administration of the study drug and continuing through 1 month following study completion. 5. Hysterectomy or surgical sterilization. 6. Abstinence. 7. Double barrier method (diaphragm with spermicidal gel or condoms with contraceptive foam). NOTE: For subjects prescribed Orkambi: Orkambi may substantially decrease hormonal contraceptive exposure, reducing the effectiveness and increasing the incidence of menstruation-associated adverse reactions. Hormonal contraceptives, including oral, injectable, transdermal, and implantable, should not be relied upon as an effective method of contraception when co-administered with Orkambi. 8. Able and willing to comply with the protocol, including availability for all scheduled study visits and able to perform all techniques necessary to use the AeroVanc inhaler and measure lung function. 9. Agree not to smoke during any part of the clinical trial (Screening visit through end of study). 10. Subjects with a P. aeruginosa co-infection must either be stable on a regular suppression regimen of inhaled antibiotics or must be, in the opinion of the Investigator, stable despite the lack of such treatment. Exclusion Criteria 1. Use of anti-MRSA treatments prescribed as maintenance therapy (intravenous [IV] or inhaled treatment within 28 days; oral treatment within 14 days) prior to the Baseline visit. 2. Use of non-maintenance antibiotic for pulmonary infection or extrapulmonary MRSA infection (IV or inhaled antibiotic within 28 days; oral antibiotic within 14 days) prior to the Baseline visit. 3. History of previous allergies or sensitivity to vancomycin, or other component(s) of the study drug or placebo except for a history of red-man syndrome. 4. Inability to tolerate inhaled products. 5. First time sputum culture or throat swab culture yielding B. cepacia, or nontuberculous Mycobacteria in the previous 6 months to Screening. 6. History of lung or other solid organ transplantation or currently on the list to receive lung or other solid organ transplantation. 7. Resistance to vancomycin at Screening (vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [VRSA], or vancomycin intermediate resistant Staphylococcus aureus [VISA], with minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] ≥ 8 μg/mL). 8. Oral corticosteroids in doses exceeding 10 mg prednisone per day or 20 mg prednisone every other day, or equipotent doses of other corticosteroids. 9. Changes in antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory or corticosteroid medications within 14 days, or changes in CFTR modulators within 28 days, prior to the Baseline visit. 10. Abnormal laboratory findings or other findings or medical history at Screening that, in the Investigator's opinion, would compromise the safety of the subject or the quality of the study data. 11. Inability to tolerate inhalation of a short acting beta2 agonist 12. SpO2 <90% at Screening. 13. Changes in physiotherapy technique or physiotherapy scheduled within 1 week of the Baseline visit. 14. Administration of any investigational drug or device within 4 weeks prior to the Screening visit and during the study 15. Female with positive pregnancy test result during Screening, pregnant (or intends to become pregnant), lactating or intends to breastfeed during the study. 16. Renal insufficiency, defined as creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault equation for adults or Schwartz equation for children at the Screening visit. 17. Abnormal liver function, defined as ≥ 4x upper limit of normal (ULN), of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or known cirrhosis at Screening. 18. Diagnosed with clinically significant hearing loss. 19. History of positive result for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV). 20. Planned hospitalizations for prophylaxis antibiotic treatment within 28 days prior to Baseline visit or during the double-blind period (Period 1).

Inclusion Criteria Patients who have received any type of allogeneic transplant or who have a primary immunodeficiency disorder will be eligible if they have CMV, adenovirus, and/or EBV infection/disease with failure of treatment after 7 days of standard therapy OR if unable to tolerate standard therapy.
• Patients must meet one of the following criteria:
• Recipient of prior myeloablative or non-myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant using either bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell or single or double cord blood within the previous 18 months, OR
• Have a diagnosed primary immunodeficiency disorder (as defined by clinical and laboratory evaluations) and not undergone HSCT.
• Treatment of the following persistent or relapsed infections despite standard therapy:
• CMV: Treatment of persistent or relapsed CMV disease or infection after standard therapy. For CMV infection, standard therapy is defined as antiviral therapy with ganciclovir, foscarnet or cidofovir for at least 14 days.
• Adenovirus: Treatment of persistent or relapsed adenovirus infection or disease despite standard therapy. Standard therapy is defined as antiviral therapy with cidofovir or brincidofovir.
• EBV: Treatment of persistent or relapsed EBV infection despite standard therapy. For EBV infection, standard therapy is defined as rituximab given at 375 mg/m2 in patients for 1-4 doses with a CD20+ tumor. Additional
• Patients with simultaneous infections with CMV, EBV and/or Adenovirus infections are eligible if one or more infection(s) is persistent or relapsed despite standard therapy as defined above. Patients with multiple infections with one or more reactivation and one or more controlled infection are eligible to enroll.
• Clinical status at enrollment that allows tapering of steroids to equal or less than 0.5 mg/kg/day prednisone (or equivalent) prior to infusion of the VST doses.
• Negative pregnancy test in female patients if applicable (childbearing potential who have received a reduced intensity conditioning regimen).
• Written informed consent and/or signed assent line from patient, parent or guardian. Exclusion Criteria
• Patients receiving ATG, Campath, Basiliximab or other immunosuppressive monoclonal antibodies targeting T-cells within 28 days of screening for enrollment.
• Patients who have received donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or other experimental cellular therapies within 28 days.
• Current therapy with ruxolitinib or other JAK inhibitors within the previous 3 days.
• Patients with other uncontrolled infections, defined as bacterial or fungal infections with clinical signs of worsening despite standard therapy. For bacterial infections, patients must be receiving definitive therapy and have no signs of progressing infection for 72 hours prior to enrollment. For fungal infections, patients must be receiving definitive systemic anti-fungal therapy and have no signs of progressing infection for 1 week prior to enrollment.
• Progressing infection is defined as hemodynamic instability, worsening physical signs, or radiographic findings attributable to infection. Persisting fever without other signs or symptoms will not be interpreted as progressing infection.
• Patients with active and uncontrolled relapse of malignancy (if applicable).

Sites:
• Serve a cohort of at least 100 HIV patients
• Have an Electronic Health Record (EHR)
• Agree to collaborate on implementing feasible adaptations of intervention strategies Patients:
• Patient of the site with a diagnosis of HIV
• Age 40-79 years
• ≥5% risk for CVD as calculated using the ASCVD Risk Estimator Plus
• Willing to participate
• No plans to leave the site in the next 12 months
• Proficient in either English or Spanish
• Own a cell phone with texting capabilities Clinicians:
• Physicians, Physicians Assistants, or Nurse Practitioners who provide direct HIV care to patients
• Work at a participating site
• Willing to implement the project's intervention strategies Patients:
• Currently participating in another CVD trial
• Have experienced a prior cardiac or vascular event such as myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
• Have had a CVD procedure such as installation of a stent or angioplasty
• Have peripheral vascular disease, intermittent claudication or peripheral arterial disease
• Are pregnant
• Lacks capacity to consent Clinicians: • Planning to leave the site within the next 12 months

• All "high energy" tibial plateau fractures treated operatively with plate and screw fixation.
• We define "high energy" tibial plateau fractures as patients who are either:
• Initially treated with an external fixation (with or without limited internal fixation) and treated definitively more than 3 days later after swelling has resolved.
• Any open type I, II, or IIIA fracture, regardless of timing of definitive treatment.
• Any tibial plateau fracture associated with ipsilateral leg compartment syndrome fasciotomy wounds.
• All "high energy" pilon (distal tibial plafond) fractures treated operatively with plate and screw fixation. We define "high energy" pilon fractures as patients who are either:
• Initially treated with an external fixation (with or without fibula fixation or limited internal fixation) and treated definitively more than 3 days later after swelling has resolved.
• Any open type I, II, or IIIA fracture, regardless of timing of definitive treatment.
• Any tibial pilon fracture associated with ipsilateral leg compartment syndrome fasciotomy wounds.
• Ages 18 to 80 years
• Patients may have co-existing non-tibial infection, with or without antibiotic treatment.
• Patients may have risk factors for infection including diabetes, immunosuppression from steroids or other medications, HIV, or other infections.
• Patients may have a head injury
• Patients may have a portion of the fixation (e.g. fibula fixation in pilon or percutaneous screws across a tibial plateau fracture) prior to definitive plate fixation, at the initial surgery before randomization.
• Patients may have other orthopedic and non-orthopaedic injuries.
• Patients may have pre-existing musculoskeletal injuries, be non ambulators, or have spinal cord injuries.
• Women and minorities are included
• The study injury: tibial plateau, pilon, is already infected at time of study enrollment.
• Patient speaks neither English nor Spanish.
• Patients who have already had definitive fixation prior to enrollment in the study.
• Severe problems with maintaining follow-up (e.g. patients who are homeless at the time of injury or those how are intellectually challenged without adequate family support).
• Patients with allergies, drug administration reactions, or other sensitivities to Vancomycin (such as a history of Redman's Syndrome).
• Pregnancy.
• The study injury is a type IIIB or IIIC open fracture.

• Patient must have a history of solid organ transplantation
• Patients must have biopsy-proven newly diagnosed, relapsed or refractory polymorphic or monomorphic PTLD using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and that is:
• CD20 positive
• EBV positive by Epstein-Barr virus early ribonucleic acid (RNA) (EBER) in situ hybridization (preferred) and/or LMP immunoperoxidase staining
• There must be evaluable disease at study entry either by imaging or by serial endoscopic biopsies.
• Note: a measurable node must have an LDi (longest diameter) greater than 1.5 cm; a measurable extranodal lesion should have an LDi greater than 1.0 cm; all tumor measurements must be recorded in millimeters (or decimal fractions of centimeters)
• Patients must be considered medically refractory to decreased immunosuppression (50% or greater reduction) for at least 1 week or there must be documentation in the medical chart that decreased immunosuppression would be associated with an unacceptable risk of rejection
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0 or 1
• Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have a life expectancy of >= 8 weeks
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study
• COHORT A and B: Patient must not have received therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies within 90 days of entry onto this study
• COHORT C: Patient must have received rituximab at 375 mg/m^2 weekly for at least 3 doses within the last 90 days prior to study enrollment
• Must not have received any prior radiation to any sites of measurable disease
• Must not have received any prior stem cell transplant
• Must not have received investigational therapy within 30 days of entry onto this study
• Must not have received prior EBV or LMP-specific T cells within 90 days of entry onto this study
• Must not have received alemtuzumab or other anti-T-cell antibody therapy within 28 days of entry onto this study
• COHORT C: HLA typing is available and will be submitted at the time of enrollment.
• Burkitt morphology
• Central nervous system (CNS) involvement; CNS status must be confirmed by lumbar puncture
• Note: lumbar puncture can be performed at the time of diagnosis and does not need to be repeated unless there is a change in neurological status or it was performed more than 14 days prior to study entry
• Bone marrow involvement (> 25%)
• Note: bone marrow aspiration/biopsy can be performed at the time of diagnosis and does not need to be repeated unless there is a change in peripheral blood counts or it was performed more than 14 days prior to study entry
• Fulminant PTLD defined as: fever > 38 degrees Celsius (C), hypotension, and evidence of multi-organ involvement/failure including two or more of the following:
• Bone marrow (including pancytopenia without any detectable B-cell proliferation)
• Liver (coagulopathy, transaminitis and/or hyperbilirubinemia)
• Lungs (interstitial pneumonitis with or without pleural effusions)
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Any documented donor-derived PTLD
• Hepatitis B or C serologies consistent with past or current infections because of the risk of reactivation with rituximab
• Severe and/or symptomatic refractory concurrent infection other than EBV
• Pregnant females are ineligible since there is no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities
• Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants
• Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 12 months following completion of study therapy.
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

• All participants 12 to <18 years old must have documented positive CMV serostatus (CMV IgG seropositive) for the recipient (R+). Participants from birth to <12 years old must have documented positive CMV serostatus (CMV IgG seropositive) for the recipient (R+) and/or the donor (D+) and the time of screening.
• Is the recipient of a first allogeneic HSCT (bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cell, or cord blood transplant).
• Has undetectable CMV DNA from a plasma or whole blood sample collected within 5 days prior to enrollment.
• Is within 28 days post-HSCT at the time of enrollment.
• Females are not pregnant, not breastfeeding,and is not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP); or is a WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment period and for at least 28 days after the last dose of study intervention.
• Participants from 2 to <18 years of age must not be on concomitant Cyclosporin A (CsA), and must be able to take LET tablets or the oral granules (either by mouth or via G tube/NG tube), provided the participant does not have a condition that may interfere with the absorption of oral medication (e.g. vomiting, diarrhea, or a malabsorptive condition) from the day of enrollment until the intensive PK sampling is completed in these participants
• Has received a previous allogeneic HSCT (Note: receipt of a previous autologous HSCT is acceptable).
• Has a history of CMV end-organ disease within 6 months prior to enrollment.
• Has evidence of CMV viremia at any time from either signing of the ICF or the HSCT procedure, whichever is earlier, until the time of enrollment.
• Has suspected or known hypersensitivity to active or inactive ingredients of LET formulations.
• Has severe hepatic insufficiency within 5 days prior to enrollment.
• Is on hemodialysis or has end-stage renal impairment.
• Has both moderate hepatic insufficiency and moderate-to-severe renal insufficiency.
• Has an uncontrolled infection on the day of enrollment.
• Requires mechanical ventilation or is hemodynamically unstable at the time of enrollment.
• Has a documented positive result for a human immunodeficiency virus antibody (HIVAb) test at any time prior to enrollment, or for hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV-Ab) with detectable HCV RNA, or hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) within 90 days prior to enrollment.
• Has active solid tumor malignancies with the exception of localized basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer or the condition under treatment (e.g. lymphomas).
• Has a preexisting cardiac condition a) for which the patient is currently being treated or b) which required hospitalization within the last 6 months or c) that may be expected to recur during the course of the trial.
• Has received within 7 days prior to screening any of the following: ganciclovir; valganciclovir; foscarnet; acyclovir; valacyclovir; famciclovir.
• Has received within 30 days prior to screening of any of the following: cidofovir; CMV immunoglobulin; any investigational CMV antiviral agent/biologic therapy; Rifampin and other strong inducers (such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), rifabutin and phenobarbital) and moderate inducers such as nafcillin, thioridazine, modafinil and bosentan.
• Has received LET at any time prior to enrollment in this study.
• Is currently participating or has participated in a study with an unapproved investigational compound or device within 28 days, or 5X half-life of the investigational compound (excluding monoclonal antibodies), whichever is longer, of initial dosing in this study.
• Has previously participated in this study or any other study involving LET.
• Has previously participated or is currently participating in any study involving administration of a CMV vaccine or another CMV investigational agent, or is planning to participate in a study of a CMV vaccine or another CMV investigational agent during the course of this study.
• Is pregnant or expecting to conceive, is breastfeeding, or plans to breastfeed from the time of consent through 28 days after the last dose of study intervention.
• Is expecting to donate eggs starting from the time of consent through 28 days after the last dose of study intervention.
• Has clinically relevant drug or alcohol abuse within 12 months of screening that may interfere with participant treatment, assessment, or compliance with the protocol, as assessed by the investigator.

Key Inclusion Criteria (Parts A & B):
• A documented diagnosis of EoE by endoscopic biopsy
• Baseline endoscopic biopsies with a demonstration on central reading of intraepithelial eosinophilic infiltration
• History (by patient report) of an average of at least 2 episodes of dysphagia (with intake of solids) per week in the 4 weeks prior to screening Key Exclusion Criteria (Parts A & B):
• Body weight ≤40 kg
• Prior participation in a dupilumab clinical trial, or past or current treatment with dupilumab
• Initiation or change of a food-elimination diet regimen or re-introduction of a previously eliminated food group in the 6 weeks prior to screening.
• Other causes of esophageal eosinophilia or the following conditions: hypereosinophilic syndrome and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome)
• Active Helicobacter pylori infection
• History of achalasia, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease, and prior esophageal surgery
• Any esophageal stricture unable to be passed with a standard, diagnostic, 9 to10 mm upper endoscope or any critical esophageal stricture that requires dilation at screening
• History of bleeding disorders or esophageal varices
• Pregnant or breastfeeding women, or women planning to become pregnant or breastfeed during the study Key Exclusion Criteria (Part C):
• Participants who, during Part A or Part B, developed a serious adverse event (SAE) and/or adverse event (AE) deemed related to study drug, which in the opinion of the investigator could indicate that continued treatment with study drug may present an unreasonable risk for the participant
• Participants who became pregnant during Part A or Part B
• Participants who are prematurely discontinued from study drug due to an AE (patients who are prematurely discontinued from study drug due to lack of efficacy are eligible to enter Part C)
• Patients who did not undergo endoscopy with biopsies prior to receiving rescue treatment Note: Other inclusion/ exclusion criteria apply

Patients who meet all of the following inclusion criteria will be eligible to participate in the study: 1. Male or female patients 18 years of age or older. 2. Patients must be eligible to undergo kidney transplantation from a living donor as per institutional standards. 3. For Groups 1 and 2 only: Patients must be CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seronegative (-) and receiving kidney for transplantation from donors who are CMV IgG seropositive (+). 4. For Group 3 only: Patients must be CMV immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositive (+) and receiving kidney for transplantation from donors who are either CMV IgG seronegative (-) or seropositive (+). 5. Patients who would comply with the requirements of this protocol (e.g., return for follow up visits), as judged by the investigator. Patients who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from the study: 1. Patients planning to undergo multi-organ transplantation. 2. Patients participating in another interventional clinical study. 3. Previous vaccination with an investigational CMV vaccine. 4. Any confirmed or suspected immunodeficiency disorder (based on medical history and physical examination) that could interfere with the immune response or that presents a risk for the patient to receive a vaccine candidate in development. 5. Treatment with any chronic immunosuppressive medication or other immuno modifying drugs within 6 months prior to study entry. However, inhaled and topical steroids and low-dose oral corticosteroids (<10 milligrams a day of prednisone or equivalent) are allowed. 6. Prior history of CMV disease or CMV infection requiring anti-viral therapy 7. Patients with a rash, dermatological condition, or tattoo in the area of the injection site(s) that could interfere with administration site reaction rating. (Note: The injection site(s) can be the non-dominant arm [most preferred injection site], dominant arm, or either thigh [least preferred injection site], as judged by the investigator). 8. It is anticipated that the patient will be unavailable to complete the study follow-up.

1. Singleton pregnancy 2. An HCV antibody positive screen (case) measured using two FDA-approved ELISA tests, the Abbott Architect version 3.0 system and the Ortho HCV 3.0. 3. Gestational age at screening no later than 23 weeks and 6 days, and gestational age at enrollment no later than 27 weeks and 6 days, based on clinical information and evaluation of the earliest ultrasound as described below. 1. Planned termination of pregnancy 2. Known major fetal anomalies or demise 3. Intention of the patient or the managing obstetricians for the delivery to be outside a MFMU Network center, unless special provisions are made to insure infant follow-up at two and 18 months of age. 4. Participation in this study in a previous pregnancy. 5. Unwilling or unable to commit to 18 months of follow-up for HCV positive infants

• Enrolled in & completed the baseline evaluation in NCT01263600 OR completed necessary components of NCT01263600 baseline evaluation by the end of the baseline visit.
• 3 to <18 years at time of randomization (day 0).
• Documented chronic HBV infection as evidenced by detection of HBsAg in serum for ≥ 24 weeks prior to baseline OR positive HBsAg and negative anti-HBc IgM within 24 weeks of baseline visit.
• Presence of HBeAg in serum at the last screening visit within 6 weeks of baseline visit.
• Serum HBV DNA level >10^7 IU/mL on at least 2 occasions at least 12 weeks apart during the 52 weeks before baseline visit. The HBV DNA levels must be within 6 weeks of baseline visit.
• ALT ≤60 U/l in males or ≤40 U/l in females, measured on at least 2 occasions, at screening (within 6 weeks prior to baseline visit) & at least 12 weeks prior to the screening visit & within the 52 weeks prior to baseline visit.
• Compensated liver disease, with normal total bilirubin (except if Gilbert's syndrome), direct bilirubin ≤0.5 mg/dL, INR ≤1.5, and serum albumin ≥3.5 g/dL.
• Creatinine clearance 90 ml/min.
• Absence of hepatocellular carcinoma on liver ultrasound in the past 48 weeks. Exclusion criteria:
• Presence of infection with HCV-RNA or anti-HCV, anti-HDV, or HIV at screening.
• Presence of another cause of liver disease or HCC (serum alpha-fetoprotein >50ng /ml).
• Evidence of decompensated liver disease (Childs B-C).
• History or other evidence of a medical condition associated with chronic liver disease (e.g., hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, toxin exposures).
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Adolescent females unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method of contraception if sexually active during the treatment period.
• Children currently breastfeeding while their mother is taking lamivudine, or those who were exposed to lamivudine for ≥24 weeks via maternal lamivudine treatment during pregnancy and/or while breastfeeding.
• Previous liver or other organ transplantation including engrafted bone marrow transplant.
• Hematological abnormalities during the screening period that contraindicate full dosing with study drugs, e.g absolute neutrophil count < 1.5 x 10^9 cells/L or platelet count < 120 x 10^9 cells/L.
• Known allergy to study drugs; peginterferon alfa-2a or entecavir.
• Treatment with systemic acyclovir or famciclovir within the previous 6 months.
• Need for ongoing use of any antivirals with activity against HBV during the course of the study or history of receiving treatment for HBV.
• Any use of illegal drugs OR use of alcoholic beverages which in the opinion of a study physician is sufficient to prevent adequate compliance with study procedures or increase the risk of pancreatitis or hepatotoxicity.
• History of immunologically mediated disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus erythematosus, autoimmune haemolytic anemia, scleroderma, severe psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis).
• History or other evidence of bleeding from esophageal varices or consistent with decompensated liver disease.
• History or other evidence of chronic pulmonary disease associated with functional limitation.
• History of significant cardiovascular diseases.
• History of a severe seizure disorder or current anticonvulsant use.
• History or other evidence of severe retinopathy.
• History of thyroid disease poorly controlled on prescribed medications. Participants with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations with elevation of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and any clinical manifestations of thyroid disease are excluded.
• Concomitant use or use during ≤ 6 months prior to the first dose of study drug of anti-neoplastic, immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic medication, methadone, theophylline or medications that may affect renal excretion or hepatic metabolism are not permitted.
• Concomitant use of complementary or alternative medications purported to have antiviral activity.
• A participant may not be co-enrolled in another clinical trial where an investigational drug is administered.
• Any other condition or situation that in the opinion of a study physician would make the participant unsuitable for enrollment or could interfere with the participant participating in and completing the study.

1. Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis , ADEM, anti-MOG antibody associated CNS demyelination 2. Age 12 to 18 inclusive at time of enrollment 3. Ability of parent or legal guardian to provide informed consent if participant is under 18. 4. Ability of patients age 12 and older to give assent 5. Completion of the signed HIPPA authorization form by a parent or legal guardian or by participants (18 years of age). 1. Known history of traumatic brain injury that required medical care 2. Non-English speaking (based on standardized neuropsychological testing and questionnaires) 3. Claustrophobic, pregnant, the presence of metallic braces, implants or medical devices that are unsafe at 3T or 7T and/or interfere with the MRI/MRS signals

• Participant meets the standard criteria for liver transplant at the local center.
• Participants being listed for a simultaneous liver kidney (SLK) are eligible if participants meet the standard criteria for both organs.
• Participant is able to understand and provide informed consent.
• Participant meets with an independent advocate per the HIV Organ Policy Equity (HOPE) Act Safeguards and Research Criteria.
• Documented HIV infection (by any licensed assay or documented history of detectable HIV-1 RNA).*
• Participant is ≥ 18 years old.
• Opportunistic complications: prior history of certain opportunistic infections is not an exclusion if the participant has received appropriate therapy and has no evidence of active disease. Medical record documentation should be provided whenever possible.
• CD4+ T-cell count: ≥ 100/µL within 16 weeks prior to transplant if no history of AIDS-defining infection; or ≥ 200 μL if history of opportunistic infection is present.
• HIV-1 RNA is below 50 RNA/mL.* Viral blips between 50-400 copies will be allowed as long as there are not consecutive measurements > 200 copies/mL. *Organ recipients who are unable to tolerate anti-retroviral therapy (ART) due to organ. failure or recently started ART may be eligible despite a detectable viral load if safe and effective ART to be used by the recipient after transplantation is described.
• Participant must have or be willing to start seeing a primary medical care provider with expertise in HIV management.
• Participant is willing to comply with all medications related to participant's transplant and HIV management.
• For participants with a history of aspergillus colonization or disease, no current clinical evidence of active disease.
• Agreement to use contraception.
• Participant is not suffering from significant wasting (e.g. body mass index < 21) thought to be related to HIV disease.
• Participant has a history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), or primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma.*
• Participant is pregnant or breastfeeding. (Note: Participants who become pregnant post-transplant will continue to be followed in the study and will be managed per local site practice. Women that become pregnant should not breastfeed.)
• Past or current medical problems or findings from medical history, physical examination or laboratory testing that are not listed above, which, in the opinion of the investigator, may pose additional risks from participation in the study, may interfere with the participant's ability to comply with study requirements or that may impact the quality or interpretation of the data obtained from the study.

Key
• Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other commercial or public health assay
• Hospitalized with illness of any duration with evidence of pneumonia and severe disease, critical disease, or multi-system organ dysfunction at baseline
• Ability to provide informed consent signed by study patient or legally acceptable representative
• Willingness and ability to comply with study-related procedures/assessments Key
• In the opinion of the investigator, unlikely to survive for >48 hours from screening
• Presence of any of the following abnormal laboratory values at screening: absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 2000 mm3, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than 5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), platelets <50,000 per mm3
• Treatment with anti-IL 6, anti-IL-6R antagonists, or with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) in the past 30 days or plans to receive during the study period
• Current treatment with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)/immunosuppressive agents
• Use of chronic oral corticosteroids for a non-COVID-19-related condition in a dose higher than prednisone 10 mg or equivalent per day
• History of, or current autoimmune or inflammatory systemic or localized disease(s) other than rheumatoid arthritis
• Known active tuberculosis (TB), history of incompletely treated TB, suspected or known extrapulmonary TB, suspected or known systemic bacterial or fungal infections
• Patients who have received immunosuppressive antibody therapy within the past 5 months, including intravenous immunoglobulin or plans to receive during the study period
• Participation in any clinical research study evaluating an investigational product (IP) or therapy within 3 months and less than 5 half-lives of IP prior to the screening visit (The use of remdisivir in the context of a single-arm remdisivir compassionate use protocol is permitted)
• Any physical examination findings and/or history of any illness that, in the opinion of the study investigator, might confound the results of the study or pose an additional risk to the patient by their participation in the study NOTE: Other protocol defined inclusion / exclusion criteria may apply

Key
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to performing study procedures (participants ≥ 18 years of age) or assent (participants ≥ 12 and < 18 years of age) prior to performing study procedures. For participants ≥ 12 and < 18 years of age, a parent or legal guardian willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to performing study procedures
• Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 infection confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test ≤ 4 days before randomization
• Currently hospitalized and requiring medical care for COVID-19
• Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2) > 94% on room air at screening
• Radiographic evidence of pulmonary infiltrates Key
• Participation in any other clinical trial of an experimental treatment for COVID-19
• Concurrent treatment or planned concurrent treatment with other agents with actual or possible direct acting antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2
• Requiring mechanical ventilation at screening
• Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 5 X upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Creatinine clearance < 50 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula for participants ≥ 18 years of age {Cockcroft 1976} and Schwartz Formula for participants < 18 years of age Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

Inclusion:
• Completed Informed Consent
• Age ≥ 18 years old
• Currently working in any environment in which there is a risk of exposure to patients with COVID-19 infections ("healthcare worker")
• Prior diagnosis of COVID-19 infection
• Participation in another COVID-19 prophylaxis trial within 30 days of consent
• Respiratory illness with new-onset fever (Temperature > 100°F) or ongoing cough or dyspnea within 14 days
• Known allergy to HCQ or chloroquine
• Congenital prolonged QT syndrome
• Current or planned use of QT prolonging drugs (e.g. procainamide, disopyramide, mexiletine, flecainide, propafenone, amiodarone, sotalol, cimetidine, dronedarone, dofetilide, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin) and other contraindicated medications
• End stage renal disease
• Pre-existing retinopathy
• Current or planned use of Hydroxychloroquine (study drug) for any indication Current or planned use of the following for treatment or prevention of COVID-19 infection:
• Chloroquine
• Azithromycin
• Known cirrhosis or severe liver disease
• History of severe skin reactions such as Steven-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis
• History of psoriasis or porphyria
• Ventricular arrhythmias requiring medical treatment
• Severe coronary artery disease or heart failure/cardiomyopathy with ongoing symptoms
• Current or planned use of use of anti-seizure drugs
• History of Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

1. Admitted to a hospital with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection. 2. Subject (or legally authorized representative) provides informed consent prior to initiation of any study procedures. 3. Subject (or legally authorized representative) understands and agrees to comply with planned study procedures. 4. Male or non-pregnant female adult > / = 18 years of age at time of enrollment. 5. Has laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other commercial or public health assay in any specimen, as documented by either or the following:
• PCR positive in sample collected < 72 hours prior to randomization; OR
• PCR positive in sample collected >/= 72 hours prior to randomization, documented inability to obtain a repeat sample (e.g. due to lack of testing supplies, limited testing capacity, results taking >24 hours, etc.) AND progressive disease suggestive of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 infection. 6. Illness of any duration, and at least one of the following:
• Radiographic infiltrates by imaging (chest x-ray, CT scan, etc.), OR
• SpO2 < / = 94% on room air, OR
• Requiring supplemental oxygen, OR
• Requiring mechanical ventilation. 7. Women of childbearing potential must agree to either abstinence or use at least one primary form of contraception not including hormonal contraception from the time of screening through Day 29. 8. Agrees to not participate in another clinical trial for the treatment of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 through Day 29. 1. Alanine Transaminase (ALT) or Aspartate Transaminase (AST) > 5 times the upper limit of normal. 2. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min (including patients receiving hemodialysis or hemofiltration). 3. Pregnancy or breast feeding. 4. Anticipated discharge from the hospital or transfer to another hospital which is not a study site within 72 hours. 5. Allergy to any study medication.