• Receiving antiretroviral therapy with a ritonavir- or cobicistat-boosted protease inhibitor (atazanavir, darunavir, or lopinavir) or cobicistat-boosted elvitegravir or a NNRTI (specifically, efavirenz, nevirapine, or rilpivirine) in combination with 2 NRTIs (and no other antiretroviral therapy) continuously for >= 6 months
• Receiving first or second retroviral regimen (participants receiving a NNRTI at Screening must be on their first retroviral regimen)
• No history of using an experimental NNRTI
• Not receiving lipid lowering therapy or on a stable dose of lipid lowering therapy at the time of enrollment
• Male or female participant not of reproductive potential or, if of reproductive potential, agrees to avoid becoming pregnant or impregnating a partner while receiving study drug and for 14 days after the last dose of study drug by complying with one of the following: 1) practice abstinence from heterosexual activity, or 2) use acceptable contraception during heterosexual activity
• For inclusion in the Extension Study (optional): completed the Week 48 visit; considered to have derived benefit from study participation up to Week 48; considered to be a clinically appropriate candidate for an additional 2 years treatment with study drug
• Uses recreational or illicit drugs or has a recent history of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence
• Received treatment for a viral infection other than HIV-1, such as hepatitis B, with an agent that is active against HIV-1 such as adefovir, emtricitabine, lamivudine, or tenofovir
• Has documented or known resistance to study drugs including MK-1439, lamivudine, and/or tenofovir
• Participated in a study with an investigational compound or device within 30 days or anticipates doing so during the course of this study
• Used systemic immunosuppressive therapy or immune modulators within 30 days or anticipates needing them during the course of this study (short courses of corticosteroids will be allowed)
• Current, active diagnosis of acute hepatitis due to any cause (participants with chronic hepatitis B and C may enter the study as long as they fulfill all entry criteria, have stable liver function tests, and have no significant impairment of hepatic function)
• Has evidence of decompensated liver disease or has liver cirrhosis and a Child-Pugh Class C score or Pugh-Turcotte score >9
• Pregnant, breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive at any time during the study
• Female and is expecting to donate eggs or male and is expecting to donate sperm during the study

• Male patients with moderately severe or severe congenital haemophilia B with a Factor IX activity level below or equal to 2% according to medical records
• Age below or equal to 12 years (until patient turns 13 years, at time of inclusion)
• Body weight above or equal to 10 kg
• History of at least 50 exposure days (EDs) to other FIX products
• The patient and/or parent(s)/caregiver are capable of assessing a bleeding episode, keeping an electronic diary (eDiary), capable of conducting home treatment and otherwise able to follow trial procedures
• Known history of FIX inhibitors
• Current FIX inhibitors above or equal to 0.6 Bethesda Units (BU)
• Congenital or acquired coagulation disorder other than haemophilia B
• Platelet count below 50,000/mcL at screening
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) above 3 times the upper limit of normal reference ranges at screening
• Creatinine level above or equal to 1.5 times above the upper normal limit of normal reference ranges at screening
• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive, defined by medical records, and with a CD4+ lymphocyte count below or equal to 200/mcL
• Immune modulating or chemotherapeutic medication (except single pulse treatment, inhaled and topical steroids)
• Previous arterial thrombotic events (myocardial infarction and intracranial thrombosis, as defined by medical records)

• Pregnant women with BMI > 40 undergoing a cesarean delivery at Parkland Health and Hospital System.
• Any patient not meeting inclusion criteria will be deemed ineligible.
• All HIV positive patients will be excluded due to the increased risk of infectious complications in these patients.
• Although patients on anticoagulants can use NPWT, they will be excluded as there may be an increased risk of bleeding in these patients.
• according to the wound therapy manufacturer's instructions patients with:
• fragile skin
• allergy to silver or acrylic adhesives
• a malignancy in the wound bed or margins of the wound bed
• non-enteric and unexplored fistulas
• necrotic tissue with eschar present
• exposed arteries, veins, nerves or organs, anastomotic sites, or surgical suction are not candidates for usage of the device.

Key
• Antiretroviral treatment naive (≤ 10 days of prior therapy with any antiretroviral agent following a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection) except the use for PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) or PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis), up to one month prior to screening
• Plasma HIV 1 RNA levels ≥ 500 copies/mL at screening
• Adequate renal function: Estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 30 mL/min (≥ 0.50 mL/sec) according to the Cockcroft Gault formula Key
• An opportunistic illness indicative of stage 3 HIV diagnosed within the 30 days prior to screening
• Decompensated cirrhosis (eg, ascites, encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding)
• Current alcohol or substance use judged by the Investigator to potentially interfere with subject study compliance
• Females who are pregnant (as confirmed by positive serum pregnancy test)
• Females who are breastfeeding Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

• Currently being treated with a stable antiretroviral (ARV) regimen consisting of a boosted protease inhibitor (limited to darunavir [DRV] or atazanavir with low-dose ritonavir [rtv] or cobicistat [COBI], or lopinavir with rtv) combined with emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) only, for at least 6 consecutive months preceding the Screening visit
• On-treatment plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ribonucleic acid (HIV-1 RNA) concentrations less than (<) 50 copies per milliliter (copies/mL) or HIV-1 RNA undetectable by a local HIV-1 RNA test between 12 and 2 months prior to the Screening visit and have HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL at the Screening visit
• A single virologic elevation of greater than or equal to (>=) 50 copies/mL after previously reaching viral suppression between 12 and 2 months prior to Screening is acceptable, provided a subsequent test prior to Screening was <50 copies/mL
• Absence of history of failure on DRV treatment and absence of DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), if documented historical genotypes are available
• Normal electrocardiogram (ECG) at Screening (or if abnormal, determined by the Investigator to be not clinically significant)
• A new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
•defining condition diagnosed within the 30 days prior to Screening
• Proven or suspected acute hepatitis within 30 days prior to study entry
• Hepatitis C antibody positive; however, participants previously cured of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with documented sustained virologic response, that is, undetectable HCV RNA 24 weeks after the last dose of HCV treatment, are allowed to participate
• Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive
• Participants with cirrhosis as diagnosed based on local practices

Key
• Antiretroviral treatment naïve (≤ 10 days of prior therapy with any antiretroviral agent following a diagnosis of HIV-1 infection) except the use for PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) or PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis), up to one month prior to screening
• Plasma HIV-1 RNA levels ≥ 500 copies/mL at screening
• Adequate renal function: Estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 50 mL/min (≥ 0.83 mL/sec) according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Negative screening test for HLA-B*5701 allele provided by Gilead Sciences Key
• An opportunistic illness indicative of stage 3 HIV diagnosed within the 30 days prior to screening (refer to study protocol)
• Decompensated cirrhosis (e.g, ascites, encephalopathy, or variceal bleeding)
• Current alcohol or substance use judged by the Investigator to potentially interfere with subject study compliance
• Females who are pregnant (as confirmed by positive serum pregnancy test)
• Females who are breastfeeding
• Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection Note: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

1. The participant must be able to provide written, personally signed, and dated informed consent to participate in the study before completing any study-related procedures. As applicable, a parent/both parents or legally authorized representative (LAR) must provide signature of informed consent and there must be documentation of assent by the participant before completing any study-related procedures. 2. The participant must be a recipient of hematopoietic stem cell or solid organ transplant. 3. The participant must have a documented CMV infection in whole blood or plasma, with a screening value of greater than or equal to (>=) 2730 international units per milliliter (IU/mL) in whole blood or >= 910 IU/mL in plasma in 2 consecutive assessments, separated by at least 1 day, as determined by local or central specialty laboratory quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or comparable quantitative CMV DNA results. Both samples should be taken within 14 days prior to randomization with second sample obtained within 5 days prior to randomization. The same laboratory and same sample type (whole blood or plasma) must be used for these assessments. 4. The participant must have a current CMV infection that is refractory to the most recently administered of the four anti-CMV treatment agents. Refractory is defined as documented failure to achieve greater than (>) 1 log10 (common logarithm to base 10) decrease in CMV DNA level in whole blood or plasma after a 14 day or longer treatment period with intravenous (IV) ganciclovir/oral valganciclovir, IV foscarnet, or IV cidofovir. a. Participants with documentation of 1 or more CMV genetic mutations associated with resistance to ganciclovir/valganciclovir, foscarnet, and/or cidofovir must also meet the definition of refractory CMV infection. 5. The Investigator must be willing to treat the participant with at least one of the available anti-CMV drugs (ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir). Note: Combination therapy with foscarnet and cidofovir is not permitted in the investigator-assigned anti-CMV treatment (IAT) arm due to the potential for serious nephrotoxicity. 6. The participant must be >= 12 years of age at the time of consent. 7. The participant must weigh >= 35 kilogram (kg). 8. The participant must have all of the following results as part of screening laboratory assessments (results from either the central laboratory or a local laboratory can be used for qualification): 1. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/ millimeter cube (mm^3) (1.0 x 10^9/liter [L]) 2. Platelet count >= 25,000/mm^3 [25 x 10^9/L], 3. Hemoglobin >= 8 grams per deciliter (g/dL). 4. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 30 (milliliters per minute (mL/min) /1.73 square meter (m^2) as assessed by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula for participants >= 18 years of age or Schwartz formula for participants less than (<) 18 years of age. 9. The participant must have a negative serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) pregnancy test at screening, if a female of child bearing potential. Additional urine pregnancy tests may be done per institutional requirements. Sexually active females of child bearing potential must agree to comply with any applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol. If male, must agree to use an acceptable method of birth control, as defined in the protocol, during the study treatment administration period and for 90 days afterward if treated with maribavir, ganciclovir, valganciclovir, or cidofovir and for 180 days afterward if treated with foscarnet. 10. The participant must be able to swallow tablets, or receive tablets crushed and/or dispensed in water via nasogastric or orogastric tube. 11. The participant must be willing and have an understanding and ability to fully comply with study procedures and restrictions defined in the protocol. 12. The participant must be willing to provide necessary samples (example [e.g,] biopsy) for the diagnosis of tissue invasive CMV disease at baseline as determined by the Investigator. 13. The participant must have a life expectancy of >= 8 weeks. 1. Have a current CMV infection that is considered refractory or resistant due to inadequate adherence to prior anti-CMV treatment, to the best knowledge of the Investigator. 2. Require ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, or cidofovir administration for conditions other than CMV when study treatment is initiated (example: herpes simplex virus (HSV) coinfection requiring use of any of these agents after the randomization) or would need a coadministration with maribavir for CMV infection. NOTE: A participant who is not continuing with the same anti-CMV drug(s) (ganciclovir, valganciclovir or foscarnet) for the study treatment (if randomized to the investigator assigned anti-CMV treatment arm), must discontinue their use before the first dose of study drug. If participant is currently being treated with cidofovir and is assigned another anti-CMV therapy by the investigator, the participant must discontinue its use at least 14 days prior to randomization at Visit 2/Day 0 and the first dose of study treatment. 3. Be receiving leflunomide, letermovir, or artesunate when study treatment is initiated. NOTE: Participants receiving leflunomide must discontinue the use at least 14 days prior to randomization at Visit 2/Day 0 and the first dose of study treatment. Participants receiving letermovir must discontinue use at least 3 days prior to the first dose of study treatment. Participants receiving artesunate must discontinue the use prior to the first dose of study treatment. 4. Have severe vomiting, diarrhea, or other severe gastrointestinal illness within 24 hours prior to the first dose of study treatment that would preclude administration of oral/enteral medication. 5. Have known hypersensitivity to the active substance or to an excipient for a study treatment. 6. Have tissue invasive CMV disease with central nervous system involvement including the retina (example, CMV retinitis). 7. Have serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN) at screening, or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) > 5 times ULN at screening, or total bilirubin >= 3.0 x ULN at screening (except for documented Gilbert's syndrome), by local or central lab. Participants with biopsy confirmed CMV hepatitis will not be excluded from study participation despite AST or ALT > 5 times ULN at screening. 8. Have known positive results for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants must have a confirmed negative HIV test result within 3 months of study entry or, if unavailable, be tested by a local laboratory during the screening period. 9. Require mechanical ventilation or vasopressors for hemodynamic support at the time of enrollment. 10. Be female and pregnant or breast feeding. 11. Have previously received maribavir. 12. Have received any investigational agent with known anti-CMV activity within 30 days before initiation of study treatment or investigational CMV vaccine at any time. 13. Have received any unapproved agent or device within 30 days before initiation of study treatment. 14. Have active malignancy with the exception of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Participants who have had a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and who experience relapse or progression of the malignancy as per investigator's opinion are not to be enrolled. 15. Be undergoing treatment for acute or chronic hepatitis C. 16. Have any clinically significant medical or surgical condition that, in the investigator's opinion, could interfere with the interpretation of study results, contraindicate the administration of the assigned study treatment, or compromise the safety or well-being of the participant.

• Signed informed consent
• Locally determined positive influenza test (by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] or other nucleic acid test, or by rapid antigen [Ag]) from a specimen obtained within 2 days prior to randomization
• Onset of illness no more than 7 days before randomization, defined as when the participant first experienced at least one respiratory symptom or fever
• Hospitalized (or in observation unit) for influenza, with anticipated hospitalization for more than 24 hours. Criteria for hospitalization will be up to the individual treating clinician.
• For women of child-bearing potential: willingness to abstain from sexual intercourse or use at least one form of hormonal or barrier contraception through Day 28 of the study
• Willingness to have blood and respiratory samples obtained and stored
• NEW score greater than or equal to 2 at screening (see the protocol for more information on this criterion)
• Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding
• Strong clinical evidence (in the judgment of the site investigator) that the etiology of illness is primarily bacterial in origin
• Prior treatment with any investigational drug therapy within 30 days prior to screening
• History of allergic reaction to blood or plasma products (as judged by the site investigator)
• Known immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency
• A pre-existing condition or use of a medication that, in the opinion of the site investigator, may place the participant at a substantially increased risk of thrombosis (e.g., cryoglobulinemia, severe refractory hypertriglyceridemia, or clinically significant monoclonal gammopathy)
• Presence of any pre-existing illness that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would place the participant at an unreasonably increased risk through participation in this study
• Participants who, in the judgment of the site investigator, will be unlikely to comply with the requirements of this protocol
• Medical conditions for which receipt of a 500 mL volume of intravenous fluid may be dangerous to the participant (e.g., decompensated congestive heart failure)
• Receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
• Suspicion that infection is due to an influenza strain or subtype other than A(H1N1)pdm09, H3N2, or influenza B (e.g., H5N1, H7N9)

• HIV-1 infected individuals
• Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least 180 days prior to study entry
• CD4+ cell count greater than 100 cells/mm^3
• Acceptable screening laboratories including a:
• Fasting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol as follows: If ASCVD risk score is less than 7.5%, LDL cholesterol must be less than 190 mg/dL. If ASCVD risk score is greater than or equal to 7.5% and less than or equal to 10%, LDL must be less than 160 mg/dL. If ASCVD risk score is greater than 10% and less than or equal to 15%, LDL must be less than 130 mg/dL. NOTE: If LDL is less than 70 mg/dL, participant is eligible regardless of 10-year ASCVD risk score in line with the ACC/AHA 2013 Prevention Guidelines.
• Fasting triglycerides less than 500 mg/dL
• Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 8 g/dL for female participants and greater than or equal to 9 g/dL for male participants
• Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min/1.73m^2 or creatinine clearance (CrCl) greater than or equal to 60 mL/min
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than or equal to 2.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN)
• For persons with known chronic active hepatitis B or C, calculated fibrosis 4 score (FIB-4) must be less than or equal to 3.25
• Men and women 40 to 75 years of age
• Ability and willingness of participant or legal representative to provide written informed consent
• Clinical ASCVD, as defined by 2013 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, including a previous diagnosis of any of the following:
• Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
• Acute coronary syndromes
• Stable or unstable angina
• Coronary or other arterial revascularization
• Stroke
• Transient ischemic attack (TIA)
• Peripheral arterial disease presumed to be of atherosclerotic origin
• Current diabetes mellitus if LDL is greater than or equal to 70 mg/dL
• 10-year ASCVD risk score estimated by Pooled Cohort Equations greater than 15%
• Active cancer within 12 months prior to study entry.
• NOTE: Exceptions:
• Successfully treated non-melanomatous skin cancer
• Kaposi sarcoma without visceral organ involvement
• Known decompensated cirrhosis
• History of myositis or myopathy with active disease in the 180 days prior to study entry
• Known untreated symptomatic thyroid disease
• History of allergy or severe adverse reaction to statins
• Use of specific immunosuppressants or immunomodulatory agents including but not limited to tacrolimus, sirolimus, rapamycin, mycophenolate, cyclosporine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha blockers or antagonists, azathioprine, interferon, growth factors, or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the 30 days prior to study entry. NOTE: Use of oral prednisone less than or equal to 10 mg/day or equivalent dosage is allowed.
• Current use of erythromycin, colchicine, or rifampin
• Use of any statin drugs, gemfibrozil, or PCSK9 inhibitors in the 90 days prior to study entry
• Current use of an investigational new drug that would be contraindicated
• Serious illness or trauma requiring systemic treatment or hospitalization in the 30 days prior to study entry
• Current pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Alcohol or drug use that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with completion of study procedures
• Other medical, psychiatric, or psychological condition that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with completion of study procedures and or adherence to study drug

• Biopsy proven (from primary lesion and/or lymph nodes) diagnosis of cancer of the nasopharynx
• Patients must have detectable pretreatment plasma EBV DNA, determined by the central lab prior to Step 2 registration
• Stage II-IVB disease (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC], 7th edition [ed.]) with no evidence of distant metastasis, based upon the following minimum diagnostic workup:
• History/physical examination by a Medical Oncologist or Clinical Oncologist or Radiation Oncologist or Ear, Nose, Throat specialist (ENT), which must include an endoscopic evaluation, a complete list of current medications, and assessment of weight and weight loss in the past 6 months within 21 days prior to registration
• Evaluation of tumor extent with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasopharynx and neck within 28 days prior to registration; if MRI is medically contraindicated, obtain computed tomography (CT) scan with =< 3 mm contiguous slices with contrast and bone windows (to evaluate base of skull involvement); Note: If a treatment planning CT scan is used, it must be with =< 3 mm contiguous slices with contrast and be read by a radiologist
• To rule out distant metastasis, patients must undergo the following imaging within 28 days prior to registration:
• A CT scan with contrast of the chest, abdomen, and/or pelvis or a total body positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan (non-contrast PET/CT is acceptable)
• A bone scan only when there is suspicion of bone metastases (a PET/CT scan can substitute for the bone scan)
• Zubrod performance status 0-1 within 21 days prior to registration
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500 cells/mm^3
• Platelets >= 100,000 cells/mm^3
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dl (Note: the use of transfusion or other intervention to achieve hemoglobin [Hgb] >= 8.0 g/dl is acceptable)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
• Alkaline phosphatase =< 1.5 x institutional ULN
• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 mg/dl or calculated creatinine clearance (CC) >= 50 ml/min determined by 24-hour urine collection or estimated by Cockcroft-Gault formula
• Negative serum pregnancy test within 14 days prior to registration for women of childbearing potential
• Women of childbearing potential and male participants who are sexually active must agree to use a medically effective means of birth control throughout protocol treatment
• Patient must provide study specific informed consent prior to study entry, including the mandatory pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA assay
• Prior invasive malignancy (except node negative, non-melanomatous skin cancer) unless disease free for a minimum of 1095 days (3 years) (for example, carcinoma in situ of the breast, oral cavity, or cervix are all permissible)
• Prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer; note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable; however, at least 6-weeks recovery is necessary if the last regimen included nitrosourea or mitomycin
• Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
• Patients with hearing loss assessed to be primarily sensorineural in nature, requiring a hearing aid, or intervention (i.e. interfering in a clinically significant way with activities of daily living); a conductive hearing loss from tumor-related otitis media is allowed
• >= Grade 2 peripheral sensory neuropathy (CTCAE, v. 4.0)
• Severe, active co-morbidity, defined as follows:
• Major medical or psychiatric illness, which in the investigator's opinion would interfere with the completion of therapy and follow up or with full understanding of the risks and potential complications of the therapy
• Unstable angina and/or uncontrolled congestive heart failure
• Myocardial infarction within the last 6 months
• Acute bacterial or fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics at the time of registration; note that patients switched from IV antibiotics and currently on oral antibiotics whose infection is assessed to be adequately treated or controlled are eligible
• Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation or other respiratory illness requiring hospitalization or precluding study therapy within 30 days prior to registration
• Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) based upon current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition; note, however, that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing is not required for entry into this protocol
• Pregnancy or women of childbearing potential and men who are sexually active and not willing/able to use medically acceptable forms of contraception
• Prior allergic reaction to the study drug(s) involved in this protocol
• Patients with undetectable pre-treatment plasma EBV DNA

• Documented chronic HCV GT1, GT4, or GT6 infection with no evidence of GT2, GT3, GT5 or non-typeable genotypes and HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) confirmed by screening lab results prior to randomization
• On opiate substitution therapy (OST; methadone, levamethadone, buprenorphine, naloxone, naltrexone) for at least 3 months prior to screening
• Treatment naïve to all HCV therapies
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected participants enrolled in this study must meet following criteria:
• Documented HIV infection
• Naïve to treatment with any antiretroviral therapy (ART) OR on HIV ART for at least 8 weeks prior to study entry using a dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) backbone of tenofovir or abacavir and either emtricitabine or lamivudine PLUS raltegravir (or dolutegravir or rilpivirine). Dose modifications or changes in ART during the 4 weeks prior to study entry (Day 1) are not permitted
• Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T-cell count >200 cells/mm^3 if on ART or >500 cell/mm^3 if ART treatment naïve
• Undetectable plasma HIV-1 RNA at least 8 weeks prior to screening if on ART or <50,000 copies/mL if ART treatment naïve
• Participants with HIV-1 infection and on ART must have at least one viable antiretroviral regimen alternative beyond their current regimen in the event of HIV virologic failure or the development of anti-retroviral drug resistance
• Females who are of reproductive potential must agree to avoid becoming pregnant while receiving study drug and for 14 days after the last dose of study drug by complying with one of the following: (1) practice abstinence from heterosexual activity OR (2) use (or have her partner use) acceptable contraception during heterosexual activity
• Evidence of decompensated liver disease
• For participants with cirrhosis, participants who are Child-Pugh Class B or C or who have a Pugh-Turcotte (CPT) score >6
• Is co-infected with hepatitis B virus
• Has cirrhosis and liver imaging within 6 months of Day 1 showing evidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or is under evaluation for HCC
• Currently using or intends to use barbiturates during the treatment period of this study
• Is a female and is pregnant or breast-feeding, or expecting to conceive or donate eggs from Day 1 or anytime during treatment, and 14 days after the last dose of study medication, or longer if dictated by local regulations
• Any medical condition requiring or likely to require chronic systemic administration of corticosteroids, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) antagonists, or other immunosuppressant drugs during the course of the trial
• Evidence or history of chronic hepatitis not caused by HCV

• Men and non-pregnant women with chronic HIV-1 infection
• Antiretroviral-experienced with documented historical or baseline resistance, intolerability, and/or contraindications to antiretrovirals in at least three classes
• Failing current antiretroviral regimen with a confirmed plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥ 400 c/mL (first value from Investigator, second from Screening labs)
• Must have ≤ 2 classes with at least 1 but no more than 2 fully-active antiretrovirals remaining which can be effectively combined to form a viable new regimen, based on current and/or documented historical resistance testing and tolerability and safety
• Able to receive ≥ 1 fully active approved antiretroviral as part of the OBT from Day 9 onwards in the Randomized Cohort
• Subjects without any remaining fully active approved antiretroviral may be enrolled in the Non-Randomized Cohort
• Chronic untreated Hepatitis B virus (HBV) (however, patients with chronic treated HBV are eligible)
• HIV-2 infection
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) > 7 x ULN
• Alkaline Phosphatase > 5 x ULN
• Bilirubin ≥ 1.5 x Upper limit of normal (ULN) (unless subject is currently on atazanavir and has predominantly unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

• All "high energy" tibial plateau fractures treated operatively with plate and screw fixation.
• We define "high energy" tibial plateau fractures as patients who are either:
• Initially treated with an external fixation (with or without limited internal fixation) and treated definitively more than 3 days later after swelling has resolved.
• Any open type I, II, or IIIA fracture, regardless of timing of definitive treatment.
• Any tibial plateau fracture associated with ipsilateral leg compartment syndrome fasciotomy wounds.
• All "high energy" pilon (distal tibial plafond) fractures treated operatively with plate and screw fixation. We define "high energy" pilon fractures as patients who are either:
• Initially treated with an external fixation (with or without fibula fixation or limited internal fixation) and treated definitively more than 3 days later after swelling has resolved.
• Any open type I, II, or IIIA fracture, regardless of timing of definitive treatment.
• Any tibial pilon fracture associated with ipsilateral leg compartment syndrome fasciotomy wounds.
• Ages 18 to 80 years
• Patients may have co-existing non-tibial infection, with or without antibiotic treatment.
• Patients may have risk factors for infection including diabetes, immunosuppression from steroids or other medications, HIV, or other infections.
• Patients may have a head injury
• Patients may have a portion of the fixation (e.g. fibula fixation in pilon or percutaneous screws across a tibial plateau fracture) prior to definitive plate fixation, at the initial surgery before randomization.
• Patients may have other orthopedic and non-orthopaedic injuries.
• Patients may have pre-existing musculoskeletal injuries, be non ambulators, or have spinal cord injuries.
• Women and minorities are included
• The study injury: tibial plateau, pilon, is already infected at time of study enrollment.
• Patient speaks neither English nor Spanish.
• Patients who have already had definitive fixation prior to enrollment in the study.
• Severe problems with maintaining follow-up (e.g. patients who are homeless at the time of injury or those how are intellectually challenged without adequate family support).
• Patients with allergies, drug administration reactions, or other sensitivities to Vancomycin (such as a history of Redman's Syndrome).
• Pregnancy.
• The study injury is a type IIIB or IIIC open fracture.

• Patient must have a history of solid organ transplantation
• Patients must have biopsy-proven newly diagnosed polymorphic or monomorphic PTLD using the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and that is:
• CD20 positive
• EBV positive by Epstein-Barr virus early ribonucleic acid (RNA) (EBER) in situ hybridization (preferred) and/or LMP immunoperoxidase staining
• There must be measurable disease at study entry
• Note: a measurable node must have an LDi (longest diameter) greater than 1.5 cm; a measurable extranodal lesion should have an LDi greater than 1.0 cm; all tumor measurements must be recorded in millimeters (or decimal fractions of centimeters)
• Patients must be considered medically refractory to decreased immunosuppression (50% or greater reduction) for at least 1 week or there must be documentation in the medical chart that decreased immunosuppression would be associated with an unacceptable risk of rejection
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0 or 1
• Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have a life expectancy of >= 8 weeks
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy: must not have received within 2 weeks of entry onto this study
• Must not have received therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies within 90 days of entry onto this study
• Must not have received any prior radiation to any sites of measurable disease
• Must not have received any prior stem cell transplant
• Must not have received investigational therapy within 30 days of entry onto this study
• Must not have received prior EBV or LMP-specific T cells within 90 days of entry onto this study
• Must not have received alemtuzumab or other anti-T-cell antibody therapy within 28 days of entry onto this study
• Burkitt morphology
• Central nervous system (CNS) involvement; CNS status must be confirmed by lumbar puncture
• Note: lumbar puncture can be performed at the time of diagnosis and does not need to be repeated unless there is a change in neurological status or it was performed more than 14 days prior to study entry
• Bone marrow involvement (> 25%)
• Note: bone marrow aspiration/biopsy can be performed at the time of diagnosis and does not need to be repeated unless there is a change in peripheral blood counts or it was performed more than 14 days prior to study entry
• Fulminant PTLD defined as: fever > 38 degrees Celsius (C), hypotension, and evidence of multi-organ involvement/failure including two or more of the following:
• Bone marrow (including pancytopenia without any detectable B-cell proliferation)
• Liver (coagulopathy, transaminitis and/or hyperbilirubinemia)
• Lungs (interstitial pneumonitis with or without pleural effusions)
• Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
• Any documented donor-derived PTLD
• Hepatitis B or C serologies consistent with past or current infections
• Severe and/or symptomatic refractory concurrent infection other than EBV
• Pregnant females are ineligible
• Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants
• Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and until six months after completion of study therapy
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

1. The subject is between the ages of 10 and 17 years (inclusive) at the time of giving informed consent. 2. The subject is scheduled for surgery that will last less than 3 hours. 3. The subject and the subject's legally authorized representative voluntarily agree that the subject will participate in this study. In accordance with applicable laws, regulations, and institutional review board requirements, the subject signs or orally agrees to an age-appropriate assent and the subject's legally authorized representative signs both an institutional review board approved informed consent form and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization prior to the performance of any screening procedures. 4. For subjects who agree to participate in the PK subgroup additional consent will be obtained. 5. The subject weighs (on Day 1) ≥25 kg but <60 kg for inclusion in 1 g dose group. 6. The subject weighs (on Day 1) ≥60 kg for inclusion in 2 g dose group. 7. The subject has been scheduled for any type of surgery requiring single dose perioperative cefazolin prophylaxis. 1. Female subjects who are pregnant or lactating/breastfeeding. 2. Female subjects of childbearing potential who are sexually active and who are not willing to use an effective method of birth control during the study period, eg, oral contraceptives, double barrier methods, hormonal injectable or implanted contraceptives, tubal ligation, or have a partner with a vasectomy. 3. The subject has impaired renal function based on the revised Schwartz formula. 4. The subject has a known allergy or hypersensitivity to β lactam/cephalosporin antibiotics, penicillins, corn products, or dextrose containing products or solutions, or any of the other ingredients of Cefazolin for Injection United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and Dextrose Injection USP in DUPLEX. 5. The subject has abnormal vital signs or an abnormal electrocardiograph (ECG) considered by the investigator to be clinically significant. 6. The subject has a result of any laboratory test (or repeat test, if done), obtained as standard of care, that is outside the normal limit of the site's laboratory reference range AND is considered by the investigator to be clinically significant. 7. The subject has a known history of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C infection. 8. The subject has a history of alcohol or drug abuse. 9. The subject has received any other investigational drug/device within 30 days prior to the study drug administration. 10. The subject has a history of or is currently smoking or using nicotine-containing substances or electronic cigarettes as determined by medical history or subject's verbal report.

• Signed informed consent
• Male or female age 18 years or older
• Pathologically confirmed diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the mouth, oropharynx, hypopharynx or nasopharynx
• Planned to receive IMRT with daily fractions of 2.0 Gy to 2.2 Gy to a cumulative dose of at least 60 Gy and a maximum of 72 Gy
• Radiation fields to include at least two mucositis sites at risk (buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, ventral and lateral tongue, soft palate) in which both sites receive a minimum cumulative dose of 55 Gy
• Planned to receive concomitant single agent chemotherapy with cisplatin given either weekly or tri-weekly
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status ≤ 1
• Screening Laboratory Values Hemoglobin ≥ 9g/dL White blood cell count ≥ 3,500 cells/mm3 Absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1,500 cells/mm3 Total bilirubin ≤ 2 times upper limit of normal Serum AST and ALT ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal Serum creatinine concentration ≤ 2mg/mL Pregnancy test: negative for females of childbearing potential
• Subjects of childbearing potential must consent to utilize a medically accepted means of contraception throughout the active dosing period with study medication and for a minimum of 30 days following the administration of the last dose of study medication.
• Unable to provide informed consent or, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, comply with the protocol.
• Prior radiation therapy to the head and neck
• Metastatic disease
• Presence of active infectious disease excluding oral candidiasis
• Presence of oral mucositis or any oral lesion that would confound the assessment of oral mucositis
• Active systemic disease or condition known to impact the risk or course of oral mucositis including chronic immunosuppression and known seropositivity for HIV
• Use of any investigational agent within 30 days of the first radiation dose
• Active alcohol abuse syndrome
• Subjects with a history of hepatitis of any etiology or hepatic insufficiency
• Pregnant or nursing at the time of signing informed consent
• Known sensitivity to any study medication
• Unwilling or unable to complete study diary
• Any other condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would make the subject unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the protocol

• Confirmed serious AdV infection based on clinical symptoms and laboratory testing showing AdV in the blood or other bodily fluids
• Able to swallow medication, either tablet or liquid
• Previous dosing with Brincidofovir
• If female, not pregnant or trying to become pregnant

• New enrollment in the REPRIEVE Trial
• clinical diagnosis of HFpEF or HFrEF, by subject report
• standard contraindications to MRI procedure based on MRI Patient Procedure Screening Form
•including history of severe allergy to gadolinium

1. Males or females age > 120 days and <18 years 2. Have at least one of the following conditions:
• admitted to a non-neonatal ICU with any underlying disease
• being transferred imminently to a non-neonatal ICU with any underlying disease
• have gastro-intestinal insufficiency (eg. chronic short-gut syndrome) and admitted to anywhere in the hospital
• have a hematological malignancy (limited to AML, ALL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and myelodysplastic syndrome) and admitted to anywhere to the hospital
• have a solid tumor malignancy and admitted to anywhere in the hospital
• have a solid organ transplant and be admitted to anywhere in the hospital
• have a hemopoietic stem cell or bone marrow transplant and be admitted to anywhere in the hospital
• have aplastic anemia and be admitted to anywhere in the hospital 3. Have ≥ 1 central catheter (arterial or venous) 4. Have ≥ 1 blood culture drawn for clinical concern of infection at time of enrollment 5. Clinician initiates and/or changes any systemic antimicrobial therapy at time of enrollment 6. Parental/guardian permission (informed consent) and, if appropriate, child assent. 7. For Aim 2: Each of the above AND a positive blood culture or sterile site culture for Candida spp. that turns positive between day 0 and day +14. 1. Diagnosis of an invasive fungal disease within the 30 days prior to the blood culture drawn of clinical concern of infection. 2. Previous inclusion in this study 3. Weight < 4 kg (Due to constraints of no more than 3 ml/kg of blood to be drawn over an 8 week period). Subjects that fall below 4 kg during the study period that blood draws are occurring will not have more than 0.75 ml/kg of blood drawn each time. 4. Patient receiving empiric anti-fungal therapy for prolonged neutropenia or fever that was started prior to the time of blood culture 5. If blood cultures obtained and anti-infectives are added/changed only as part of a local protocol and not dictated by clinical concern of infection

• Treatment experienced, HIV-1 infected patients
• 18 years or older
• Receive an approved assay for determination of HIV-1 tropism
• Pregnant or lactating
• Using CCR5 inhibitor other than maraviroc

• INCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Written informed consent
• At least 18 years of age
• HBsAg-positive and either
• Pregnant
• Anti-HDV positive
• Diagnosed with acute HBV infection or experiencing a hepatitis flare
• Immune tolerant or immune active phenotype
• Potentially eligible for the Immune Regulation and Costimulation in Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B ancillary study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
• History of hepatic decompensation
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• History of solid organ transplantation or bone marrow transplantation
• Current hepatitis B antiviral treatment (except pregnant women and patients who are anti-HDV positive)
• Chronic immunosuppression therapy
• Known HIV co-infection (patients with HDV or HCV co-infection are not excluded)
• Medical or social condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, would make the patient unsuitable for the study or interfere with or prevent follow-up per protocol
• Unable or unwilling to return for follow-up visits

Inclusion criteria:
• Participant is enrolled in the HBRN Cohort Study (NCT01263587) or completed the necessary components of the cohort baseline evaluation by the end of the baseline visit for this study
• 18 years or older
• Chronic hepatitis B infection as evidenced by at least one of the following: 1. HBsAg positive result within 8 weeks prior to randomization and another time at least 24 weeks prior to randomization with no HBsAg negative result in between. 2. HBsAg positive within 8 weeks prior to randomization and HBV DNA ≥1000 IU/mL on 2 occasions at least 24 weeks apart (can include result from screening visit within 8 weeks of randomization)
• Hepatitis B e antigen positive or negative
• Serum HBV DNA ≥1000 IU/mL on 2 occasions at least 4 weeks apart within the 32 weeks prior to randomization (can include result from screening visit within 8 weeks of randomization)
• At least 2 elevated serum ALT levels (> 30 U/L for males, >20 U/L for females) 4 weeks apart, and no more than 32 weeks apart, with the second being within 8 weeks of randomization
• Compensated liver disease
• No evidence of HCC
• Liver biopsy done that shows findings consistent with chronic hepatitis B with histology activity index (HAI) ≥3 (necroinflammatory component only) or Ishak fibrosis score ≥1 or both, as assessed by the local study pathologist on review of a liver biopsy done within 144 weeks of randomization
• Females of child bearing potential must agree to use an adequate method of contraception throughout the study and must have a negative pregnancy test immediately prior to the start of treatment Exclusion criteria:
• Serum ALT ≥450 U/L for males and ≥300 U/L for females
• Treatment with interferon or nucleos(t)ide analogues for hepatitis B within 48 weeks of randomization
• More than 48 weeks of therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues for hepatitis B at any time in the past
• History of hepatic decompensation including but not limited to ascites, variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy
• Known allergy or intolerance to any of the study medications
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Previous organ transplantation including engrafted bone marrow transplant
• Any other concomitant liver disease, including hemochromatosis, hepatitis C or D; Participants with severe steatohepatitis will be excluded (participants with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] with steatosis only and/or mild to moderate steatohepatitis are acceptable)
• Positive anti-HIV
• Renal insufficiency with calculated (by MDRD method) creatinine clearance <60 mL/min within 8 weeks prior to randomization
• Platelet count <90,000 /mm3, hemoglobin <13 g/dL (males) or <12 g/dL (females), absolute neutrophil count <1500 /mm^3 (<1000/mm^3 for African-Americans) within 8 weeks prior to randomization
• History of active alcohol or drug abuse within 48 weeks of screening.
• Pre-existing psychiatric condition(s), including but not limited to: Current moderate or severe depression as determined by the study physician, history of depression requiring hospitalization within past 10 years, history of suicidal or homicidal attempt within the past 10 years, or history of severe psychiatric disorders including but not limited to schizophrenia, psychosis, bipolar disorder
• History of immune-mediated disease, or cerebrovascular, chronic pulmonary or cardiac disease associated with functional limitation, retinopathy, uncontrolled thyroid disease, poorly controlled diabetes or uncontrolled seizure disorder
• Any medical condition that would be predicted to be exacerbated by therapy or that would limit study participation
• Any medical condition requiring or likely to require chronic systemic administration of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications during the course of this study
• Evidence of active or suspected malignancy, or a history of malignancy within the last 144 weeks (except adequately treated carcinoma in situ or basal cell carcinoma of the skin)
• Need for ongoing use of any antivirals with activity against HBV during the course of the study
• Any other condition that in the opinion of the investigator would make the participant unsuitable for enrollment or could interfere with the participant participating in and completing the study.
• Participation in any other clinical trial involving investigational drugs within 30 days of randomization or intention to participate in another clinical trial during this study.

• Enrolled in & completed the baseline evaluation in NCT01263600 OR completed necessary components of NCT01263600 baseline evaluation by the end of the baseline visit.
• 3 to <18 years at time of randomization (day 0).
• Documented chronic HBV infection as evidenced by detection of HBsAg in serum for ≥ 24 weeks prior to baseline OR positive HBsAg and negative anti-HBc IgM within 24 weeks of baseline visit.
• Presence of HBeAg in serum at the last screening visit within 6 weeks of baseline visit.
• Serum HBV DNA level >10^7 IU/mL on at least 2 occasions at least 12 weeks apart during the 52 weeks before baseline visit. The HBV DNA levels must be within 6 weeks of baseline visit.
• ALT ≤60 U/l in males or ≤40 U/l in females, measured on at least 2 occasions, at screening (within 6 weeks prior to baseline visit) & at least 12 weeks prior to the screening visit & within the 52 weeks prior to baseline visit.
• Compensated liver disease, with normal total bilirubin (except if Gilbert's syndrome), direct bilirubin ≤0.5 mg/dL, INR ≤1.5, and serum albumin ≥3.5 g/dL.
• Creatinine clearance 90 ml/min.
• Absence of hepatocellular carcinoma on liver ultrasound in the past 48 weeks. Exclusion criteria:
• Presence of infection with HCV-RNA or anti-HCV, anti-HDV, or HIV at screening.
• Presence of another cause of liver disease or HCC (serum alpha-fetoprotein >50ng /ml).
• Evidence of decompensated liver disease (Childs B-C).
• History or other evidence of a medical condition associated with chronic liver disease (e.g., hemochromatosis, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, toxin exposures).
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Adolescent females unwilling or unable to use an acceptable method of contraception if sexually active during the treatment period.
• Children currently breastfeeding while their mother is taking lamivudine, or those who were exposed to lamivudine for ≥24 weeks via maternal lamivudine treatment during pregnancy and/or while breastfeeding.
• Previous liver or other organ transplantation including engrafted bone marrow transplant.
• Hematological abnormalities during the screening period that contraindicate full dosing with study drugs, e.g absolute neutrophil count < 1.5 x 10^9 cells/L or platelet count < 120 x 10^9 cells/L.
• Known allergy to study drugs; peginterferon alfa-2a or entecavir.
• Treatment with systemic acyclovir or famciclovir within the previous 6 months.
• Need for ongoing use of any antivirals with activity against HBV during the course of the study or history of receiving treatment for HBV.
• Any use of illegal drugs OR use of alcoholic beverages which in the opinion of a study physician is sufficient to prevent adequate compliance with study procedures or increase the risk of pancreatitis or hepatotoxicity.
• History of immunologically mediated disease (e.g. inflammatory bowel disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, lupus erythematosus, autoimmune haemolytic anemia, scleroderma, severe psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis).
• History or other evidence of bleeding from esophageal varices or consistent with decompensated liver disease.
• History or other evidence of chronic pulmonary disease associated with functional limitation.
• History of significant cardiovascular diseases.
• History of a severe seizure disorder or current anticonvulsant use.
• History or other evidence of severe retinopathy.
• History of thyroid disease poorly controlled on prescribed medications. Participants with elevated thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations with elevation of antibodies to thyroid peroxidase and any clinical manifestations of thyroid disease are excluded.
• Concomitant use or use during ≤ 6 months prior to the first dose of study drug of anti-neoplastic, immunosuppressive, nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic medication, methadone, theophylline or medications that may affect renal excretion or hepatic metabolism are not permitted.
• Concomitant use of complementary or alternative medications purported to have antiviral activity.
• A participant may not be co-enrolled in another clinical trial where an investigational drug is administered.
• Any other condition or situation that in the opinion of a study physician would make the participant unsuitable for enrollment or could interfere with the participant participating in and completing the study.

• Patients must have a body surface area > 0.5 m^2 when enrolling on dose levels 0 or 1 of the every other day schedule; no body surface area (BSA) restrictions apply to patients enrolling on higher dose levels; no BSA restrictions apply to patients enrolling on any dose level of the weekly schedule.
• Diagnosis:
• Part A (both schedules): Patients must have a diagnosis of recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including central nervous system (CNS) tumors or lymphoma; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse except in patients with intrinsic brain stem tumors, optic pathway gliomas, or patients with pineal tumors and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum tumor markers including alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
• Part B (both schedules): Patients must have a diagnosis of recurrent or refractory leukemia
• Disease status:
• Solid tumors: Patients must have either measurable or evaluable disease
• Leukemia: Patients must have >= 5% blasts in the bone marrow; active extramedullary disease (except for leptomeningeal disease) may also be present
• Patient's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life
• Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age; note: neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been relatively stable for a minimum of 1 week prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer chemotherapy
• Myelosuppressive chemotherapy:
• Solid tumors: Patients with solid tumors must not have received myelosuppressive chemotherapy within 3 weeks of enrollment onto this study (6 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
• Leukemia:
• Patients with leukemia who relapse while receiving standard maintenance chemotherapy will not be required to have a waiting period before enrollment onto this study
• Patients who relapse while they are not receiving standard maintenance therapy, must have fully recovered from all acute toxic effects of prior therapy. At least 14 days must have elapsed since the completion of cytotoxic therapy, with the exception of hydroxyurea
• Note: Cytoreduction with hydroxyurea can be initiated and continued for up to 24 hours prior to the start of MK-2206
• At least 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair
• At least 7 days after the last dose of a biologic agent; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair
• At least 6 weeks since the completion of any type of immunotherapy, e.g. tumor vaccines
• At least 3 half-lives of the antibody after the last dose of a monoclonal antibody
• >= 2 weeks for local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); >= 24 weeks must have elapsed if prior total body irradiation (TBI), craniospinal XRT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
• Stem cell infusion without TBI: No evidence of active graft vs. host disease and >= 8 weeks must have elapsed since transplant or stem cell infusion
• Bone marrow transplantation: >= 3 months prior to study enrollment
• For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement including patients who are status post stem cell transplantation:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions within a 7 day period prior to enrollment)
• For patients with solid tumors with known bone marrow metastatic disease:
• These patients are eligible for study provided they meet the blood count criteria and are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions; note: these patients are not evaluable for hematologic toxicity
• For patients with leukemia (Part B):
• Blood counts are not required to be normal prior to enrollment on this trial; however, platelet count has to be >= 20,000/mm^3 (may receive platelet transfusions)
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope GFR >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• 1 to < 2 years: 0.6 mg/dL
• 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 mg/dL
• 6 to < 10 years: 1 mg/dL
• 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 mg/dL
• 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
• >= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
• Patients with solid tumors:
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 110 U/L; for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
• Serum albumin >= 2 g/dL
• Patients with leukemias:
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• SGPT (ALT) =< 225 U/L; for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
• Serum albumin >= 2 g/dL
• Corrected QT interval (QTc) =< 450 msec
• Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants and well controlled
• Nervous system disorders (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] v4) resulting from prior therapy must be =< grade 2
• All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent; assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines
• Slides or tissue blocks from either initial diagnosis or relapse must be available for central review; tissue blocks or slides must be sent; if tissue blocks or slides are unavailable, the study chair must be notified prior to study enrollment
• Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method
• Patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for the prior 7 days are not eligible
• Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
• Patients who are currently receiving other anticancer agents are not eligible [except leukemia patients receiving hydroxyurea, which may be continued until 24 hours prior to start of protocol therapy]; patients with leukemia may receive intrathecal therapy
• Patients must not be receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants
• Patients receiving insulin or growth hormone therapy are not eligible
• Patients on medications that may cause corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation are not eligible
• Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post transplant are not eligible for this trial
• Patients must be able to swallow whole tablets; nasogastric or G tube administration is not allowed
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• Patients with known type I or type II diabetes mellitus are not eligible
• Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible

• A liver biopsy required within 3 years prior to screening unless the patient has a contraindication for a liver biopsy
• Patients with bridging fibrosis or cirrhosis and without a liver biopsy result within 2 years prior screening must have an ultrasound taken within 2 months prior to the screening visit or during screening with no findings suspicious for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Genotype-1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
• Plasma HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) of more than 10,000 IU per mL
• Documented human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection at least 6 months prior to screening
• Patient showing evidence of hepatic decompensation (ie, history or current evidence of ascites, bleeding varices or hepatic encephalopathy, albumin serum concentration less than 3.3 gm per dL, prolonged prothrombin time [PT] expressed as international normalized ratio [INR] more than 1.5)
• Any liver disease of non-HCV etiology
• Co-infection with hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] positive)
• An acute HIV-1 infection; or HIV-2 infection
• Change in antiretroviral (ARV) regimen within the last 4 weeks prior screening

• Diagnosis of primary maternal CMV infection on the basis of one of the following: 1. A positive CMV Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody and low-avidity maternal CMV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody screen 2. Evidence of maternal seroconversion with development of CMV IgG antibody following a prior negative CMV screen
• Gestational age at randomization no later than 23 weeks 6 days based on clinical information and evaluation of the earliest ultrasound; or no later than 27 weeks 6 days for women with a positive IgM, negative IgG initially screened before 23 weeks who are rescreened after 2-4 weeks and have evidence of IgG seroconversion.
• Singleton pregnancy. A twin pregnancy reduced to singleton (either spontaneously or therapeutically) before 14 weeks by project gestational age is acceptable.
• Maternal CMV infection pre-dating pregnancy as defined by a high IgG avidity index or a positive IgG in the presence of a negative IgM.
• Known hypersensitivity to plasma or plasma derived products
• Planned termination of pregnancy
• Known major fetal anomalies or demise
• Maternal Immunoglobulin A (IgA) deficiency
• Planned use of immune globulin, ganciclovir, or valganciclovir
• Maternal renal disease (most recent pre-randomization serum creatinine ≥ 1.4 mg/dL; all women must have serum creatinine measured during the pregnancy and prior to randomization)
• Maternal immune impairment (e.g., HIV infection, organ transplant on anti-rejection medications)
• Findings on pre-randomization ultrasound suggestive of established fetal CMV infection (cerebral ventriculomegaly, microcephaly, cerebral or intra-abdominal calcifications, abnormalities of amniotic fluid volume, echogenic bowel or ascites). Abnormally low amniotic fluid volume is defined as no fluid prior to 14 weeks or maximum vertical pocket < 2 cm on or after 14 weeks gestation. Abnormally high amniotic fluid volume is defined as > 10 cm.
• Positive fetal CMV findings from culture (amniotic fluid) or PCR.
• Congenital infection with rubella, syphilis, varicella, parvovirus or toxoplasmosis diagnosed by serology and ultrasound or amniotic fluid testing.
• Intention of the patient or of the managing obstetricians for the delivery to be outside a Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network (MFMU) Network center
• Participation in another interventional study that influences fetal or neonatal death
• Unwilling or unable to commit to 2 year follow-up of the infant

1. Surgical confirmation of NSTI by attending surgeon; 2. mSOFA score ≥3 (in any one or combination of the 5 major components of SOFA score with one organ component having a score of at least 2: cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, coagulation, CNS), measured as close as possible to the first debridement; 3. IV drug administration within 6 hours from the clinical diagnosis and the decision at the study site, to have an urgent surgical exploration and debridement (drug should not be administered until surgical confirmation is established); 4. If a woman is of childbearing potential, she must consistently use an acceptable method of contraception from baseline through Day 28; 5. If a male patient's sexual partner is of childbearing potential, the male patient must acknowledge that they will consistently use an acceptable method of contraception (defined above) from baseline through Day 28. 6. Signed and dated ICF as defined by the IRB and, if applicable, California Bill of Rights. If patient is unable to comprehend or sign the ICF, patient's legally acceptable representative may sign the ICF 1. BMI>51; 2. Patient who has been operated at least once for the current NSTI infection and had a curative deep tissue debridement; 3. Patients with overt peripheral vascular disease in the involved area ; 4. Diabetic patients with peripheral vascular disease who present with below the ankle infection; 5. Removed DVT in area of NSTI as an exclusion criteria 6. Patient with burn wounds; 7. Current condition of: (a) Inability to maintain a mean arterial pressure > 50 mmHg and/or systolic blood pressure > 70 mmHg for at least 1 hour prior to screening despite the presence of vasopressors and IV fluids or (b) a patient with respiratory failure such that an SaO2 of 80% cannot be achieved or (c) a patient with refractory coagulopathy (INR >5) or thrombocytopenia (platelet count <20,000) that does not partially correct with administration of appropriate factors or blood products; 8. Chronic neurological impairment that leads to a neuro mSOFA component ≥2; 9. Recent cerebrovascular accident in the last 3 months; 10. Patients with cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation within the past 30 days; 11. Patient is not expected to survive throughout 28 days of study due to underlying medical condition, such as poorly controlled neoplasm; 12. Patient or patient's family are not committed to aggressive management of the patient's condition; 13. Any concurrent medical condition, which in the opinion of the Investigator, may compromise the safety of the patient or the objectives of the study or the patient will not benefit from treatment such as:
• CHF {NYHA class III-IV}
• Severe COPD
• Liver dysfunction {Childs-Pugh class C}
• Immunosuppression (see Appendix F, Section 15.6 for list of excluded immunosuppressive medications)
• Neutropenia < 1,000 cells/mm3not due to the underlying infection
• Idiopathic Thrombocytopenia Purpura
• Receiving or about to receive chemotherapy or biologic anti-cancer treatment although hormonal manipulation therapies for breast and prostate malignancies are permitted
• Hematological and lymphatic malignancies in the last 5 years; 14. Known HIV infection with CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 or < 14% of all lymphocytes; 15. Patients with known chronic kidney disease (documented pre-illness creatinine value(s) ≥2.0) or patients receiving renal replacement therapy for chronic kidney disease; 16. Patients that are treated with continuous hemofiltration (e.g. Continuous Veno-Venous Hemofiltration) for acute kidney dysfunction, not due to NSTI, starting prior to study drug administration; 17. Pregnant or lactating women; 18. Previous enrollment in a clinical trial involving investigational drug or a medical device within 30 days; 19. Previous enrollment in this protocol, ATB-202 or the Phase 2 trial of AB103, ATB-201.

• Male and female patients at least 18 years of age.
• Require a platelet count below 75 x 10^9 /L at time of screening.
• The patients must meet the eligibility criteria for all drugs involved.
• Only genotype 1 (a, b, indeterminate, or mixed).
• Confirmed history of chronic hepatitis C.
• Cirrhotic patients will be included.
• Liver imaging within 1 year to exclude hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is required in patients with cirrhosis.
• Patients without evidence of cirrhosis but meeting platelet criteria will also be admitted to study.
• Subjects must be able to provide informed consent, comply with drug administration instructions, and be able to complete each study visit.
• Ability to cover costs of ribavirin, interferon, and boceprevir will also be required.
• Female subjects are eligible if: Non-pregnant, non-childbearing potential, or of childbearing potential and willing to perform complete abstinence or correctly use a form of birth control during intercourse [barrier method, intrauterine device, hormonal therapy, or surgical sterilization in females or male partner]. They must also be willing to have pregnancy tests performed every 4- weeks until 6 months after completion of ribavirin.
• Male study participants must agree to use a condom and their female partner must partake in one of the contraceptive methods discussed above until 6 months after completion of ribavirin therapy.
• A history of chronic infection (i.e., HIV or HBV) or a previous organ transplantation.
• A history of a platelet disorder.
• A poorly controlled underlying medical illness (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, etc.).
• Any contraindication to any study drugs as mentioned in their respective prescribing information.
• Patients with decompensated cirrhosis defined as current evidence for ascites, encephalopathy, infection or variceal bleeding. All patients should be considered Child-Pugh Class A.
• Patients with AST/ALT levels ≥ 500 IU/L will be excluded on presumption of another active liver disease.
• Patients must not be pregnant or nursing.
• The study physician maintains the right to exclude a patient for a medical condition not listed above or based off laboratory values indicating chronic disease discovered at screening.
• Patients with eye disease may be excluded from this study if the ophthalmologist does not recommend treatment.
• Subjects with known hypersensitivity reactions (such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic, epidermal necrolysis, and erythema multiforme to ribavirin) to study drugs or any component of the products.
• Subjects with autoimmune hepatitis, hemoglobinopathies (e.g., thalassemia major, sickle-cell anemia), creatinine clearance less than 50 mL/min.
• Co-administration of drugs that are highly dependent on CYP3A4/5 for clearance and CYP3A4/5 inducers (See Table 2 in boceprevir prescribing information).

INCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Signed informed consent
• HIV infection documented by a plasma HIV RNA viral load, rapid HIV test or any licensed* ELISA test; and confirmed by another test using a different method including but not limited to a rapid HIV test, Western Blot, HIV culture, HIV antigen, or HIV pro-viral DNA at any time prior to study entry.
• Age greater than or equal to 18 years
• Karnofsky performance score greater than or equal to 80 (an indication that the participant can perform normal activities)
• Perceived life expectancy of at least 6 months
• For women of child-bearing potential, willingness to use contraceptives as described in the product information of the ART drugs they are prescribed
• Two CD4+ cell counts greater than 500 cells/mm(3) at least 2 weeks apart within 60 days before randomization
• The term licensed refers to an FDA-approved kit or, for sites located in countries other than the United States, a kit that has been certified or licensed by an oversight body within that country. Confirmation of the initial test result must use a test method that is different than the one used for the initial assessment. EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
• Any previous use of ART or interleukin-2 (IL-2)
• Diagnosis of any clinical AIDS event before randomization (including esophageal candidiasis and chronic Herpes simplex infection)
• Presence of HIV progression such as oral thrush, unexplained weight loss, or unexplained fever
• Cardiovascular event (myocardial infarction, angioplasty, coronary-artery bypass grafting, stroke) within 6 months before randomization
• Non-AIDS-defining cancer, excluding basal and squamous cell skin cancer, within 6 months before randomization
• Dialysis within 6 months before randomization
• Diagnosis of decompensated liver disease before randomization
• Current imprisonment, or compulsory detention (involuntary incarceration) for treatment of a psychiatric or physical illness
• Current pregnancy or breastfeeding (a negative serum or urine pregnancy test is required within 14 days before randomization for women of child-bearing potential)