Criteria for Inclusion of Subjects: Hand and forearm amputees: 1. Male or female, age 18 and older, of any race or ethnicity 2. Able and willing to sign Consent 3. Able and willing to participate in all study activities including implantation, testing and explantation of the study device. 4. Able to communicate effectively in English without an interpreter After preliminary screening subjects will be assessed for the following inclusion criteria: 1. Patient has an existing myoelectric hand prosthesis and demonstrates proficiency during daily use 2. Overall and phantom pain are well-controlled and not incapacitating Criteria for Exclusion of Subjects: 1. If MR neurogram and EMG/NCS study show nerve or muscle dysfunction/injury at a higher level than anticipated based on the appearance of the physical amputation stump, the subject may be excluded from the study due to adverse neuromuscular anatomy which would preclude use of the proposed experimental electrode implants. The radiographs will be used to confirm suitability of the amputation stump configuration. If the bony anatomy of the amputation stump is found to be unsuitable, the patient may be excluded from the study. 2. Subjects who have a history of cardiac arrhythmia will be excluded from the study.

• Histologically or cytologically-confirmed Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, or osteosarcoma
• Disease progression after prior therapy in locally advanced or metastatic setting
• Measurable or evaluable disease based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) criteria
• Age 12 months to <21 years
• Adequate bone marrow reserves, hepatic function, and renal function
• Recovered from effects of any prior surgery or cancer therapy
• Patients 18 years or older will provide written consent. A parent or legal guardian of a patient <18 years of age will provide informed consent and patients 11 to 18 years of age will provide written assent or as per participating institutional policy.
• Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders
• NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or uncontrolled blood pressure
• Active infection or unexplained fever
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the components of MM-398 or other liposomal products
• Recent Investigational therapy
• Pregnant or breast feeding; females of child-bearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment

• Feasibility Phase: Patients must be < 21 years of age at the time of enrollment; please note: the feasibility phase is complete, effective with amendment #1
• Efficacy Phase: Patients must be =< 40 years of age at the time of enrollment
• Patients with newly diagnosed RMS of any subtype, except adult-type pleomorphic, based upon institutional histopathologic classification, are eligible to enroll on the study based upon stage, group, and age, as below
• RMS types included under embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) include those classified in the 1995 International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR) as ERMS (classic, spindle cell, and botryoid variants), which are reclassified in the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) classification as ERMS (classic, dense and botryoid variants) and spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (encompassing the historical spindle cell ERMS variant and the newly recognized sclerosing RMS variant); classification of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) in the 2013 WHO classification is the same as in the ICR and includes classic and solid variants
• ERMS
• Stage 1, group III (non-orbit)
• Stage 3, group I/II
• Stage 2/3, group III
• Stage 4, group IV, < 10 years old
• ARMS:
• Stages 1-3, groups I-III
• Specimen Submission: Patients must have sufficient tissue available for the required biology study
• Lansky performance status score >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age; Karnofsky performance status score >= 50 for patients > 16 years of age
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/uL
• Platelet count >= 75,000/uL
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• 1 month to < 6 months old: 0.4 mg/dl (male), 0.4 mg/dl (female)
• 6 months to < 1 year old: 0.5 mg/dl (male), 0.5 mg/dl (female)
• 1 to < 2 years old: 0.6 mg/dl (male), 0.6 mg/dl (female)
• 2 to < 6 years old: 0.8 mg/dl (male), 0.8 mg/dl (female)
• 6 to < 10 years old: 1 mg/dl (male), 1 mg/dl (female)
• 10 to < 13 years old: 1.2 mg/dl (male), 1.2 mg/dl (female)
• 13 to < 16 years old: 1.5 mg/dl (male), 1.4 mg/dl (female)
• >= 16 years old: 1.7 mg/dl (male), 1.4 mg/dl (female)
• Patients with an elevated serum creatinine due to obstructive hydronephrosis secondary to tumor are still eligible; however, patients with urinary tract obstruction by tumor must have unimpeded urinary flow established via diversion (i.e. percutaneous nephrostomies or ureteric stents) of the urinary tract
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met.
• Patients who have previously received temsirolimus, another mTOR inhibitor, or any other investigational agent
• Patients who have received any chemotherapy (excluding steroids) and/or RT prior to this enrollment
• Patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia
• Patients with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for at least 3 months after treatment is completed
• Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible; Note: a pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential prior to study entry
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible

• Age: ≥12 months to <18 years old at the time of informed consent
• Diagnosis: Histologically confirmed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) (Grade 2 or 3), or Ewing sarcoma (EWS) which is relapsed or refractory (failed front line therapy)
• The presence of measurable disease meeting the following criteria:
• At least 1 lesion of ≥1.0 centimeter (cm) in the longest diameter for a non-lymph node or ≥1.5 cm in the short-axis diameter for a lymph node that is serially measurable according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 using computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI).
• Lesions that have had radiotherapy must show subsequent radiographic evidence of increase in size by at least 20% to be deemed a target lesion.
• Therapeutic options: Participant's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life.
• Performance level: Performance score ≥50%. Karnofsky (for participants >16 years of age) or Lansky (for participants ≤16 years of age). Participants who are unable to walk because of paralysis and/or previous surgeries, but who are in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing performance score.
• Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anticancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anticancer directed therapy prior to study drug administration. If, after the required time frame, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, eg, blood count criteria, the participant is considered to have recovered adequately:
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other chemotherapy known to be myelosuppressive: ≥21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea).
• Anticancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (eg, not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): ≥7 days after the last dose of agent.
• Monoclonal antibodies ≥ 3 half-lives must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody (including checkpoint inhibitors), and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to Grade ≤1.
• Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (eg, Neulasta) or 7 days for a short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events (AEs) occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which AEs are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the sponsor.
• Interleukins, interferons, and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): ≥21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferons, or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total body irradiation [TBI]): ≥84 days
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion or boost infusion: ≥84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: ≥42 days
• Cellular therapy: ≥42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (eg, modified T-cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, etc)
• Radiation therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: ≥14 days after local XRT; ≥150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to ≥50% of the pelvis; ≥42 days if other substantial BM radiation
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (eg, radiolabeled antibody, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine): ≥42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy.
• Adequate bone marrow function, defined as:
• ANC ≥1.0 × 10^9/Liter (L)
• Platelet count ≥100 × 10^9/L (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions within a 7-day period prior to study drug administration)
• Hemoglobin at least 8.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) at Baseline (blood transfusions are allowed during the screening period to correct hemoglobin values less than 8.0 g/dL) Note: As blood transfusions are permitted to meet the hemoglobin criteria, participants requiring transfusion must not be known to be refractory to red blood cell or platelet transfusions.
• Adequate renal function, defined as:
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender, derived from the Schwartz formula for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• Or creatinine clearance or GFR ≥50 milliliters per minute (mL/min)/1.73 meters squared (m^2) based on a 12 or 24 hour urine creatinine collection
• Adequate liver function, defined as:
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) ≤1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤110 units per Liter (U/L). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for ALT is 45 U/L
• Serum albumin ≥2 g/dL
• Informed consent: All participants and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines. Participants must be willing to comply with all aspects of the protocol.
• Pregnancy, breastfeeding, contraception: Females who are breastfeeding or pregnant at Screening or Baseline (as documented by a positive beta-human chorionic [β-hCG] or human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] test with a minimum sensitivity of 25 International Units per Liter [IU/L] or equivalent units of β-hCG [or hCG]). A separate baseline assessment is required if a negative screening pregnancy test was obtained more than 72 hours before the first dose of study drug.
• Females of childbearing potential (all post pubertal females will be considered to be of childbearing potential unless they have early menopause [amenorrheic for at least 12 consecutive months, in the appropriate age group, and without other known or suspected cause] or have been sterilized surgically [ie, bilateral tubal ligation, total hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy, all with surgery at least 1 month before dosing]) who:
• Do not agree to use a highly effective method of contraception for the entire study period and for 6 months after study drug discontinuation, ie:
• Total abstinence (if it is their preferred and usual lifestyle);
• An intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS);
• A contraceptive implant;
• An oral contraceptive (must be on a stable dose of the same oral hormonal contraceptive product for at least 4 weeks before dosing with study drug and for the duration of the study and for 6 months after study drug discontinuation); or
• Do not have a vasectomized partner with confirmed azoospermia. For sites outside of the European Union (EU), it is permissible that if a highly effective method of contraception is not appropriate or acceptable to the participant, or the participant has commenced/adjusted/changed oral hormonal contraceptive product/dose within 4 weeks prior to study drug administration, then the participant must agree to use a medically acceptable method of contraception, ie, double barrier methods of contraception such as condoms plus diaphragm or cervical/vault cap with spermicide.
• Males who have not had a successful vasectomy (confirmed azoospermia) or if they and their female partners do not meet the criteria above (ie, not of childbearing potential or practicing highly effective contraception throughout the study period or for 3 months after study drug discontinuation). No sperm donation is allowed during the study period or for 3 months after study drug discontinuation.
•Concomitant medications:
• Corticosteroids: Participants receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to study drug administration (except when indicated for Central Nervous System [CNS] metastases, then participants must not have received corticosteroids for at least 28 days)
• Anticancer Agents: participants who are currently receiving other anticancer agents
• Anti-GVHD agents Post-transplant: Participants who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant
• Strong CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors
• Received prior therapy with eribulin mesylate
• Any other malignancy that required treatment (except for non-melanoma skin cancer, or histologically confirmed complete excision of carcinoma in situ), within 2 years prior to study drug administration
• Has hypersensitivity to eribulin or any of the excipients
• Has a prior history of viral hepatitis (B or C) as demonstrated by positive serology (presence of antigens) or have an uncontrolled infection requiring treatment. Participants with a known prior history of hepatitis B or C may be eligible pending agreement with the sponsor.
• Has > Grade 1 peripheral sensory neuropathy or > Grade 1 peripheral motor neuropathy graded according to the Modified ("Balis") Pediatric Scale of Peripheral Neuropathies
• Has cardiac pathology: Participants with known congestive heart failure, symptomatic or left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50% or shortening fraction <27%
• Participants with congenital long QT syndrome, bradyarrhythmias, or QTc >480 msec on at least 2 separate electrocardiograms (ECGs).
• Has CNS Disease: Participants with brain or subdural metastases are not eligible unless the metastases are asymptomatic and do not require treatment or have been adequately treated by local therapy (eg, surgery or radiotherapy) and have discontinued the use of corticosteroids for this indication for at least 4 weeks prior to study drug administration. Confirmation of radiographic stability must be done by comparing the brain scan (CT or MRI) performed during the Screening Period, using the same imaging modality, to a brain scan performed earlier (and following local therapy where applicable). Participants must be clinically stable. It is not the intention of this protocol to treat participants with active brain metastases. Note: CNS imaging is required to confirm eligibility for participants with a known history of CNS disease.
• Have had or are planning to have the following invasive procedures:
• Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to study drug administration
• Laparoscopic procedure or open biopsy within 7 days prior to study drug administration
• Central line placement or subcutaneous port placement is not considered major surgery but must be placed at least 2 days prior to study drug administration
• Core biopsy, including bone marrow biopsy, within 2 days prior to study drug administration
• Fine needle aspirate within 3 days prior to study drug administration
• Has any serious concomitant illness that in the opinion of the investigator(s) could affect the participant's safety or interfere with the study assessments
• Participants with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); due to lack of available safety data for eribulin therapy in HIV-infected participants

Key Inclusion Criteria
• Patients ≥6 months and up to 60 months (1800 days) of age at time of dosing following diagnostic confirmation during screening period by genotype who demonstrate the ability to sit unassisted for 10 or more seconds but cannot stand or walk
• Diagnostic confirmation by genotype includes lab documentation of homozygous absence of SMN1 exon 7; with exactly three copies of SMN2
• Negative gene testing for SMN2 gene modifier mutation (c.859G>C)
• Onset of clinical signs and symptoms consistent with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) at < 12 months of age
• Able to sit independently and not standing or walking independently. Definition of sitting independently is defined by the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study (WHO-MGRS) criteria of being able to sit up unsupported with head erect for at least 10 seconds. Child should not use arms or hands to balance body or support position (Wijnhoven 2004)
• Be up-to-date on childhood vaccines that include palivizumab prophylaxis (also known as Synagis) to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are also recommended in accordance with American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP 2009) Key Exclusion Criteria
• Current or historical ability to stand or walk independently
• Contraindications for spinal tap procedure or administration of intrathecal therapy or presence of an implanted shunt for the drainage of CSF or an implanted central venous (CNS) catheter
• Severe contractures as determined by designated Physical Therapist(s) at screening that interfere with either the ability to attain/demonstrate functional measures or interferes with ability to receive intrathecal (IT) dosing
• Severe scoliosis (defined as ≥ 50° curvature of spine) evident on X-ray examination
• Previous, planned or expected scoliosis repair surgery/procedure within 1 year of dose administration
• Use of invasive ventilatory support (tracheotomy with positive pressure) or pulse oximetry < 95% saturation at screening while the patient is awake, or for high altitudes > 1000 m, oxygen saturation < 92% while the patient is awake
• Pulse oximetry saturation must not decrease ≥ four (4) percentage points between screening and highest value on day of dosing
• Use or requirement of non-invasive ventilatory support for 12 or more hours daily over the two (2) weeks prior to dosing
• Medical necessity for a gastric feeding tube, where the majority of feedings are given by non-oral methods (i.e., nasogastric tube or nasojejunal tube) or patients whose weight-for-age falls below the 3rd percentile based on WHO Child Growth Standards (Onis 2006). Placement of a permanent gastrostomy prior to screening is not an exclusion
• Use or requirement of non-invasive ventilatory support for 12 or more hours daily over the two (2) weeks prior to dosing
• Medical necessity for a gastric feeding tube, where the majority of feedings are given by non-oral methods or patients whose weight-for-age falls below the 3rd percentile based on WHO Child Growth Standards (Onis 2006). Placement of a permanent gastrostomy prior to screening is not an exclusion
• Active viral infection (includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or serology positive for hepatitis B or C, or Zika virus)
• Serious non-respiratory tract illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within two (2) weeks prior to study entry
• Respiratory infection requiring medical attention, medical intervention or increase in supportive care of any manner within four (4) weeks prior to study entry
• Severe non-pulmonary/respiratory tract infection within four (4) weeks before study dosing or concomitant illness that in the opinion of the Principal Investigator (PI) creates unnecessary risks for gene transfer such as:
• Major renal or hepatic impairment
• Known seizure disorder
• Diabetes mellitus
• Idiopathic hypocalciuria
• Symptomatic cardiomyopathy
• History of bacterial meningitis or brain or spinal cord disease, including tumors, or abnormalities by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT) that would interfere with the lumbar puncture (LP) procedures or CSF circulation
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to prednisolone or other glucocorticosteroids or their excipients
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to iodine or iodine-containing products
• Concomitant use of any of the following: drugs for treatment of myopathy or neuropathy, agents used to treat diabetes mellitus, or ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, immunomodulators such as adalimumab, or immunosuppressive therapy within 3 months of study dosing
• Inability to withhold use of laxatives or diuretics in the 24 hours prior to dose administration
• Anti-AAV9 antibody titers >1:50 as determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) binding immunoassay
• Should a potential patient demonstrate anti AAV9 antibody titer > 1:50, he or she may receive retesting within 30 days of the screening period and will be eligible to participate if the anti AAV9 antibody titer upon retesting is ≤ 1:50
• Clinically significant abnormal laboratory values (GGT, ALT, and AST, or total bilirubin > 2 × ULN, creatinine ≥ 1.0 mg/dL, hemoglobin [Hgb] < 8 or > 18 g/dL; white blood cell [WBC] > 20,000 per cmm) prior to gene replacement therapy. Patients with an elevated bilirubin level that is unequivocally the result of neonatal jaundice shall not be excluded
• Participation in recent SMA treatment clinical trial or receipt of an investigational or approved compound product or therapy received with the intent to treat SMA at any time prior to screening for this study
• Oral beta agonists must be discontinued 30 days prior to dosing.
• Inhaled albuterol specifically prescribed for the purposes of respiratory (bronchodilator) management is acceptable and not a contraindication at any time prior to screening for this study
• Expectation of major surgical procedures during the 1-year study assessment period

Key
• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of a locally advanced (not amenable to curative therapy such as surgical resection) metastatic cancer of the following histologies: melanoma (MEL), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), or sarcoma.
• Life expectancy > 12 weeks as determined by the Investigator.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1.
• Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1.
• Patients enrolled in Cohorts 1-10, Cohort A, Cohort B and Phase 2 Doublet must be refractory to all therapies known to confer clinical benefit to their disease.
• Fresh tumor tissue available for cellular characterization and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) status.
• Injected lesions (up to two) must be between 20 mm and 90 mm in diameter for IT injection; lesions must be accessible for baseline and on-treatment biopsies. Any liver lesion targeted for injection must not exceed 50 mm at the time of injection.
• Demonstrated adequate organ function within 14 days of Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1). Key
• Use of an investigational agent or an investigational device within 21 days before administration of first dose of study drug(s).
• Patients treated with prior interleukin-2 (IL-2).
• Patients who have been previously treated with a toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist (excluding topical agents) and patients who have received experimental cancer vaccines.
• Patients who have received systemic interferon (IFN)α within the previous 6 months prior to enrollment to the study.
• Other active malignancy, except non-melanomic skin cancer
• Evidence of clinically significant interstitial lung disease or active, noninfectious pneumonitis.
• Prior surgery or radiotherapy within 14 days of initiating study drug(s). Patients must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not required corticosteroids and have not had radiation pneumonitis.
• Prolonged Fridericia's corrected QT interval (QTcF) > 450 ms for men and > 470 ms for women at Screening. History of unstable or deteriorating cardiac disease within the previous 6 months prior to screening including but not limited to the following:
• Unstable angina or myocardial infarction.
• Congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV).
• Uncontrolled clinically significant arrhythmias.
• Patients with a history of any retinal disorders (e.g., retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage, macular degeneration).
• Uveal melanoma will be excluded
• Patients with tumor that invade the superior vena cava or other major blood vessels. Additional general and tumor specific inclusion and exclusion criteria will apply.

1. Male or female ≥ 18 years of age. 2. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) Class II-IVa and likely not in need of a respirator for the duration of the study as judged by the Investigator. 3. QMG score ≥12 at Screening and Baseline. Other, more specific inclusion criteria are defined in the protocol. 1. Use of rituximab, belimumab, eculizumab or any monoclonal antibody for immunomodulation within 6 months prior to first dosing. 2. Immunoglobulins given by SC, IV (IVIG), or intramuscular route, or plasmapheresis/plasma exchange (PE) within 4 weeks before Screening. 3. Thymectomy performed < 12 months prior to screening. 4. Total IgG level <6 g/L (at screening). 5. Absolute neutrophil count <1500 cells/mm3(at screening). Other, more specific exclusion criteria are defined in the protocol

• 18-80 years old
• Severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min)
• Undergoing non-emergent surgery that requires neuromuscular blockade
• Planned extubation in the operating room immediately after surgery
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification 3 to 4
• Willing and able to consent in English or Spanish
• No personal history of neuromuscular disease
• Age less than 18 or older than 80
• Patient does not speak English or Spanish
• Planned postoperative intubation/ventilation
• Allergy to sugammadex, neostigmine, glycopyrrolate, cisatracurium, or rocuronium
• Family or personal history of malignant hyperthermia
• Patient refusal
• Pregnant or nursing women
• "Stat" (emergent) cases
• Pre-existing muscle weakness of any etiology
• Patients on toremifene (a selective estrogen receptor modulator)
• Women on oral contraceptives who do not wish to use a non-hormonal method of contraception for 7 days following surgery

1. At least 18 years of age and up to 55 years (inclusive) of age at Baseline. 2. Clinical diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who have had Relapsing MS (RMS) no longer than 15 years from diagnosis. 3. Stable treatment with natalizumab for at least the prior six (6) months. 4. Stable disease activity over the prior six (6) months. 5. All hematological parameters and biochemical parameters deemed stable or transient in nature. 6. Able to understand and give written informed consent. 1. Patients with a clinical relapse requiring systemic steroid treatment within the prior six (6) months. 2. Patients treated with any other MS therapy other than natalizumab; or treated with clemastine fumarate. 3. Patients with a history of significant other major medical condition that may interfere with the conduct of the study or interpretation of the study results. 4. Patients who may have difficulty complying with the protocol and/or study procedures. 5. Patient with clinically significant abnormalities in hematology, blood chemistry, ECG, or physical examination not resolved by the Baseline visit which according to Investigator can interfere with study participation. 6. Patients with clinically significant hepatic or renal dysfunction or clinical laboratory findings that would limit the interpretability of change in liver or kidney function, or those with low platelet counts (< 150 x 109 per liter) or eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count of ≥500 eosinophils per microliter). 7. Patients with a prior history of, or positive serological assay for the presence of HIV infection, or laboratory evidence of active or chronic infection with hepatitis C (HCV) or hepatitis B (HBV). 8. Patients participating in any other investigational drug trial or using an investigational drug (within 12 weeks prior to screening and thereafter) 9. Positive screen for drugs of abuse or known alcohol abuse. 10. Females who are pregnant, have a positive pregnancy test, are nursing, or who plan to get pregnant during the course of this clinical trial or within 6 months of the end of this trial. 11. Women of child-bearing potential, or men, who are unwilling or unable to use accepted methods of birth control during the study and for 6 months following completion of study participation. 12. Patients with implanted metal objects in their body that may be affected by an MRI procedure. 13. Patients who are claustrophobic or otherwise unlikely to be able to complete the MRI scanning procedures. 14. Patients with a history of gold allergy. 15. Patient is considered a suicide risk in the opinion of the Investigator, has previously made a suicide attempt, or is currently demonstrating active suicidal ideation. 16. Any active ophthalmological cause for retinal damage other than MS or based on the Investigator's judgment any other ophthalmic diseases that would confound the study results or optical coherence tomography assessment. 17. PRN use of stimulant medications including: amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil.

• Age -- Age ≤ 30 years at time of initial qualifying solid tumor diagnosis
• Diagnosis -- Histologic diagnosis of solid malignancy (excluding brain tumors and lymphoma) that meets at least one of the following criteria:
• Refractory, defined as tumor progression after initiation of standard first line therapy without having achieved a prior partial or complete remission OR Biopsy proven residual disease at the completion of planned standard initial front-line therapy.
• Recurrent, defined as tumor progression after achieving a prior partial or complete remission
• Newly diagnosed high risk disease, defined as having an expected event free survival of < 50% at 2 years.
• Lacks definitive diagnosis or classical genomic findings after histologic review and standard molecular testing (rare tumor group).
• Examples include (eligibility not limited to these examples):
• Histology typically associated with a fusion in which fusion is not detected.
• Ewing-like sarcoma
• Undifferentiated sarcoma
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor without ALK fusion
• Infantile fibrosarcoma without NTRK fusion
• Specimen Samples
• Sufficient tumor specimen available to meet the minimum requirements for profiling from diagnosis or progression / recurrence --- OR
• Surgery / biopsy planned as part of clinical care that is anticipated to yield sufficient material to meet the minimum requirements for profiling; OR
• Patient has already had molecular profiling and patient has not yet started matched targeted therapy based on the report .
• No Therapy Planned -- Patients who have declined further anticancer therapy will be excluded.
• Performance Status -- Patients with Lansky (age < 16 years) or Karnofsky (age ≥16 years) score < 50 will be excluded.
• Life Expectancy -- Patients with anticipated life expectancy < 3 months will be excluded.

• STEP I REGISTRATION CRITERIA
• Histologically documented renal cell carcinoma with clear cell component, including patients who have sarcomatoid features.
• Any metastatic disease, including visceral, lymph node, other soft tissue and bone, measurable per RECIST 1.1.
• Measurable disease as defined in the protocol.
• Intermediate or poor risk patients per International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database (IMDC) criteria will be eligible (1 or more of the following: Karnofsky performance status (KPS) < 80, < 1 year from diagnosis to systemic treatment, hemoglobin less than lower limit of normal (LLN), corrected calcium concentration greater than upper limit of normal [ULN], absolute neutrophil count greater than ULN, platelet count > ULN).
• Central nervous system (CNS) disease permitted, if stable and not otherwise causing symptoms or needing active treatment.
• Karnofsky performance status >= 70%.
• No prior treatment with PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 targeting agents (including but not limited to nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab, and ipilimumab), or any other drug or antibody specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways.
• No prior previous systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (prior HD IL-2 [> 28 days] and prior adjuvant sunitinib > 180 days since completion are allowed).
• No cancer therapy less than 28 days prior to registration; this includes radiation therapy, except for bone lesions less than 14 days prior to registration. There must be a complete recovery and no ongoing complications from radiotherapy.
• Not pregnant and not nursing, because this study involves an agent that has known genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. Therefore, for women of childbearing potential only, a negative serum or urine pregnancy test done =< 14 days prior to registration is required.
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/mm^3.
• Platelet Count >= 100,000/mm^3.
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL.
• Calculated (Calc.) creatinine clearance >= 30 mL/min.
• Urine protein =< 1+ or urine protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio < 1.
• Total Bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN).
• Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) =< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or < 5 x ULN if hepatic metastases present.
• STEP 2 REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
• Successful completion of at least 1 cycle of ipilimumab/nivolumab.
• Resolution of any treatment-related adverse events to grade 1 or less per dose modification section.
• No more than 56 days from last dose of ipilimumab/nivolumab.
• Active autoimmune disease requiring ongoing therapy.
• Ongoing acute toxicity > grade 2 from previous treatment.
• History of severe allergic, anaphylactic or other hypersensitivity reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies.
• History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis B/C, or tuberculosis.
• Concurrent use of immunosuppressive medication including prednisone above 10 mg daily.
• Uncontrolled adrenal insufficiency.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure [BP] >150 mmHg or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg).
• Major surgery less than 28 days prior to registration.
• Any serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture within 28 days prior to registration.
• Any arterial thrombotic events within 180 days prior to registration.
• Clinically significant hematuria, hematemesis, or hemoptysis within 12 weeks prior to registration.
• Cavitating pulmonary lesions or known endotracheal or endobronchial disease manifestations.
• Lesions encasing or invading any major blood vessels.
• Moderate of severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C).
• Any history of untreated pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the 180 days prior to registration. (Any asymptomatic, treated pulmonary embolism or asymptomatic, treated deep venous thrombosis > 30 days prior to registration allowed).
• Corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula (QTcF) > 500 ms.
• Unstable cardiac arrhythmia within 6 months prior to registration.
• Any gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding =< 180 days, hemoptysis, or other signs of pulmonary hemorrhage =< 90 days prior to registration.
• History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, intra-abdominal abscess, bowel obstruction, or gastric outlet obstruction within 180 days prior to registration.
• Active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or malabsorption syndrome within 28 days prior to registration.
• Untreated hypothyroidism, evidence of pancreatitis, history of organ transplant, or history of congenital QT syndrome.
• Active treatment with warfarin or any oral factor Xa inhibitors (treatment with low molecular weight heparin [LMWH] is allowed).
• Significant cardiac ischemia events (ST elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]) within 6 months or active NY Heart Association class 3-4 heart failure symptoms

• The participant may have no more than 2 prior lines of systemic therapies (neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies will not be considered as a prior line of therapy) for advanced or metastatic disease and is suitable to receive gemcitabine and docetaxel therapy. All previous therapies must have completed ≥ 3 weeks (21 days) prior to first dose of study drug.
• In the Phase 2 part, prior olaratumab/doxorubicin combination therapy in 1 prior treatment line is allowed.
• Prior olaratumab therapy must have been received with doxorubicin as indicated on the olaratumab label.
• Prior olaratumab therapy must have included at least 2 full cycles of olaratumab/doxorubicin (that is, a minimum of 4 doses of olaratumab).
• Participants, who completed at least 2 cycles of combination olaratumab/doxorubicin therapy then discontinued doxorubicin due to toxicity or maximum dosing and proceeded to olaratumab monotherapy, are eligible.
• The most recent dose of olaratumab must have been received within 180 days of randomization in this study.
• Availability of tumor tissue is mandatory for study eligibility. The participant must have consented to provide archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue or be subject to a pre-treatment re-biopsy of primary or metastatic tumor tissue for future central pathology review and translational research (if archived tissue is unavailable).
• The participant has adequate hematologic, organ, and coagulation function within 2 weeks (14 days) prior to enrollment (Phase 1b) or randomization (Phase 2).
• The participant is diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) or Kaposi sarcoma.
• The participant has active central nervous system (CNS) or leptomeningeal metastasis (brain metastasis) at the time of enrollment (Phase 1b) or randomization (Phase 2). Participants with a history of a CNS metastasis previously treated with curative intent (for example, stereotactic radiation or surgery) that have not progressed on follow-up imaging, have been asymptomatic for at least 60 days, and are not receiving systemic corticosteroids and or/anticonvulsants, are eligible. Participants with signs or symptoms of neurological compromise should have appropriate radiographic imaging performed before enrollment (Phase 1b) /randomization (Phase 2) to rule out brain metastasis.
• The participant has received prior treatment with gemcitabine or docetaxel. Note: Participants previously enrolled in the I5B-MC-JGDJ (NCT02451943) or any other blinded study with olaratumab are not eligible to participate in this trial.
• The participant has electively planned or will require major surgery during the course of the study.
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding.
• The participant has an active fungal, bacterial, and/or known viral infection including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or viral (A, B, or C) hepatitis (screening is not required).

• Age ≤6 weeks (≤42 days) at time of dose
• Ability to tolerate thin liquids as demonstrated through a formal bedside swallowing test
• Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) ≥2mV at Baseline; centralized review of CMAP data will be conducted
• Gestational age of 35 to 42 weeks
• Patients with pre-symptomatic SMA Type 1 as determined by the following features: − 2 copies of SMN2 Patients with 2 copies of SMN2 (n ≥12)
• Patients with pre-symptomatic SMA Type 2 as determined by the following features:
• 3 copies of SMN2
• Weight at screening visit <2 kg
• Hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <96% awake or asleep without any supplemental oxygen or respiratory support) at the screening visit or for altitudes >1000 m, oxygen saturation <92% awake or asleep without any supplemental oxygen or respiratory support at the screening visit
• Any clinical signs or symptoms at screening or immediately prior to dosing that are, in the opinion of the Investigator, strongly suggestive of SMA
• Tracheostomy or current prophylactic use or requirement of noninvasive ventilatory support at any time and for any duration prior to screening or during the screening period
• Patients with signs of aspiration/inability to tolerate nonthickened liquids based on a formal swallowing test performed as part of screening or patients receiving any non-oral feeding method
• Clinically significant abnormalities in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters as determined by investigator or medical monitor
• Treatment with an investigational or commercial product, including nusinersen, given for the treatment of SMA. This includes any history of gene therapy, prior antisense oligonucleotide treatment, or cell transplantation.
• Patients whose weight-for-age is below the third percentile based on World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards
• Biological mother with active viral infection as determined by screening laboratory samples (includes human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] or positive serology for hepatitis B or C) • Biological mothers with clinical suspicion of Zika virus that meet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Zika virus epidemiological criteria including history of residence in or travel to a geographic region with active Zika transmission at the time of travel will be tested for Zika virus RNA. Positive results warrant confirmed negative Zika virus RNA testing in the patient prior to enrollment.
• Serious nonrespiratory tract illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within 2 Weeks prior to screening
• Upper or lower respiratory infection requiring medical attention, medical intervention, or increase in supportive care of any manner within 4 Weeks prior to dosing
• Severe nonpulmonary/respiratory tract infection within 4 Weeks before administration of gene replacement therapy or concomitant illness that, in the opinion of the Investigator or Sponsor medical monitor, creates unnecessary risks for gene replacement therapy such as:
• Major renal or hepatic impairment
• Known seizure disorder
• Diabetes mellitus
• Idiopathic hypocalciuria
• Symptomatic cardiomyopathy
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to prednisolone or other glucocorticosteroids or their excipients
• Previous, planned or expected major surgical procedure including scoliosis repair surgery/procedure during the study assessment period
• Concomitant use of any of the following: drugs for treatment of myopathy or neuropathy, agents used to treat diabetes mellitus, or ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, immunomodulators such as adalimumab, immunosuppressive therapy within 4 Weeks prior to gene replacement therapy
• AntiAAV9 antibody titer >1:50 as determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) binding immunoassay • Should a potential patient demonstrate AntiAAV9 antibody titer >1:50, he or she may receive retesting inside the 30-Day screening period and will be eligible to participate if the AntiAAV9 antibody titer upon retesting is ≤1:50, provided the <6 Week age requirement at the time of dosing is still met
• Biological mother involved with the care of the child refuses anti-AAV9 antibody testing prior to dosing

• Male and females between the ages 14 and 58 years at the time of consent
• Closed physeal plates at the time of consent
• Intermetatarsal angle is between 10.0 ̊
•22.0 ̊
• Hallux valgus angle is between 16.0 ̊
•40.0 ̊
• Willing and able to adhere to early weight-bearing instructions post-operatively
• Capable of completing self
•administered questionnaires
• Acceptable surgical candidate, including use of general anesthesia
• Female patients must be of non-child bearing potential or have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to index procedure
• Willing and able to schedule index procedure within 3 months of consent and able to return for scheduled follow-up visits
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent
• Previous surgery for hallux valgus on operative side
• Previous surgeries on operative foot involving fusion of foot or ankle joints (other than hammertoe or lesser toes/digits)
• Additional arthrodesis outside the first tarsometatarsal joint (other than: arthrodesis between the medial cuneiform and intermediate cuneiform and/or base of 2nd metatarsal; arthrodesis of hammertoe proximal interphalangeal joint or lesser toes/digits)
• Moderate or Severe osteoarthritis of the MTP joint based on radiographic imaging (including lack of evident crista) or positive grind test
• Symptomatic flatfoot or asymptomatic flatfoot (defined as calcaneal inclination <5 ̊and talonavicular subluxation/uncovering >50%)
• BMI >40 kg/m²
• Current nicotine user, including current use of nicotine patch
• Current clinical diagnosis of diabetes with fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL and/or HbA 1c ≥7.0
• Current clinical diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy or by assessment on 4
•point monofilament test
• Current clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia
• Current clinical diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome/Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS/RSD)
• Current uncontrolled hypothyroidism
• Previously sensitized to titanium
• Currently taking oral steroids or rheumatoid biologics
• Currently taking immunosuppressant drugs
• Insufficient quantity or quality of bone to permit stabilization, conditions that retard healing (not including pathological fractures) and conditions causing poor blood supply such as peripheral vascular disease
• Active, suspected or latent infection in the affected area
• Use of synthetic or allogenic bone graft substitutes
• Current diagnosis of metatarsus adductus (defined as MAA ≥ 23 ̊)
• Scheduled to undergo a same
•bilateral procedure. Patient agrees to refrain from the Lapiplasty® Procedure (or other hallux valgus procedures) on contralateral foot for minimum of 6 months post index procedure
• Patient has previously been enrolled into this study for a contralateral procedure
• Scheduled for any concomitant procedure that would alter patient's ability to early weight-bear post-procedure
• Patient is actively involved with a workman's compensation case or is currently involved in litigation
• Patient is currently or has participated in a clinical study in the last 30 days prior to signing
• Patient has a condition or finding that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may jeopardize the patient's well-being, the soundness of this clinical study, or could interfere with provision of informed consent, completion of tests, therapy, or follow-up

• PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
• Patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of grade 2-3 (intermediate or high grade) soft tissue sarcoma with size >= 5 cm are eligible to enroll if the intention to treat is curative. They must have sufficient tissue to submit to central laboratory for review as well as for NGS sequencing (see submission requirement). Biopsy should be obtained within 180 days prior to registration. Availability of tumor tissue is mandatory for study eligibility. The patient must have consented to provide archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue for future central pathology review, NGS sequencing and/or translational research
• Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:
• History/physical examination within 30 days prior to registration;
• Imaging of the primary tumor by MRI and/or computed tomography (CT) with or without contrast and/or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT within 30 days prior to registration;
• Staging workup evaluated by chest CT and/or PET/CT showing no distant metastasis within 30 days prior to registration
• There is a planned definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) or Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 30 days prior to registration
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500/uL (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Platelet count >= 100,000/uL (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Hemoglobin: >= 10 g/dL (transfuse as necessary to raise levels; no transfusions within 7 days of start) (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Calculated creatinine clearance >= 60 ml/min (by Cockroft-Gault formula) within 30 days prior to registration
• The patient has an adequate coagulation function as defined by international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 x ULN, and partial thromboplastin time (PTT or aPTT) =< 1.5 x ULN (those receiving anticoagulation therapy except low molecular weight heparin are excluded) (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) appropriate for age (except for patients with Gilbert's syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin < 3 mg/dL) (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) < 2.5 upper limit of normal (ULN) appropriate for age (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration; exceptions: females not of child-bearing potential due to surgical sterilization (at least 6 weeks following tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or surgical bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy) confirmed by medical history; or female after menopause
• A "postmenopausal woman" is a woman meeting either of the following criteria:
• Spontaneous amenorrhea for at least 12 months, not induced by a medical condition such as anorexia nervosa and not taking medications during the amenorrhea that induced the amenorrhea (for example, oral contraceptives, hormones, gonadotropin releasing hormone, antiestrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs], or chemotherapy)
• Spontaneous amenorrhea for 6 to 12 months and a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level > 40 mIU/mL
• Females of child-bearing potential and males must agree to use highly effective contraceptive precautions during the trial and up to 12 months following the last dose of study treatment; a highly effective method of birth control is defined as one that results in a low failure rate (that is, < 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly, such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence, or a vasectomized partner
• The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry
• PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
• TP53 sequencing by NGS performed by central pathology lab
• PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION EXCLUSION CRITERIA
• Well-differentiated liposarcoma or other low grade STS; Kaposi sarcoma, bone sarcomas, cartilage sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
• Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease; indeterminant lung nodules less than 8 mm are acceptable
• The patient has history of another primary malignancy, with the exception of
• Curatively treated non-melanomatous skin cancer;
• Curatively treated cervical carcinoma in situ;
• Non-metastatic prostate cancer
• Other primary non-hematologic malignancies or solid tumor treated with curative intent, no known active disease, and no treatment administered during the last 3 years prior to registration
• The patient has a serious cardiac condition, such as congestive heart failure; New York Heart Association class II/ III/IV heart disease; unstable angina pectoris, cardiac stenting within 6 months of enrollment; myocardial infarction within the last 3 months; valvulopathy that is severe, moderate, or deemed clinically significant; or arrhythmias that are symptomatic or require treatment
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer (sarcoma); note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable; however, unresolved toxicities from prior anti-tumor therapy, defined as not having resolved to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 grade 0 or 1, or to levels dictated in the eligibility criteria with the exception of alopecia (grade 2 or 3 toxicities from prior anti-tumor therapy that are considered irreversible [defined as having been present and stable for > 6 months], such as ifosfamide-related proteinuria, may be allowed if they are not otherwise described in the exclusion criteria AND there is agreement to allow by both the investigator and sponsor)
• Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
• Clinically significant bleeding within 4 weeks of screening, current use of warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors unless these medications can be safely discontinued 14 days prior to AMG-232 (KRT-232) administration; Note: low molecular weight heparin and prophylactic low dose warfarin are permitted; PT/PTT must meet the inclusion criteria; subjects taking warfarin must have their INR followed closely
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to AMG 232 (KRT-232)
• All subjects must agree to stop the use of all herbal medicines (e.g., St. John's wort), and supplements, within the 10 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 (KRT-232), and during the protocol AMG 232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5); subjects may renew the use of the above at week 6; standard adult multi-vitamin is allowed
• All subjects must agree to stop the use of any known CYP3A4 substrates with narrow therapeutic window (such as alfentanil, astemizole, cisapride, dihydroergotamine, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, or terfanide; within the 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 (KRT-232) and during protocol AMG 232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5); other medications (such as fentanyl and oxycodone) may be allowed per investigator's assessment/evaluation
• All subjects must agree to stop the use of any known CYP2C8 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window within the 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 (KRT-232) and during protocol AMG 232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5)
• All subjects are required to submit a list of medications consumed within 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG232 (KRT-232) and during the protocol AMG232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5)
• Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease causing the inability to take oral medication, malabsorption syndrome, requirement for intravenous alimentation, prior surgical procedures affecting absorption, uncontrolled inflammatory GI disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), therefore could affect the absorption of AMG 232 (KRT-232) at the discretion of treating physician
• Patients with active infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 2 weeks of registration
• Patients with known positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HepBsAg) (indicative of chronic hepatitis B), positive hepatitis total core antibody with negative HBsAG (suggestive of occult hepatitis B), or detectable hepatitis C virus RNA by a polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) assay (indicative of active hepatitis C
•screening is generally done by hepatitis C antibody (HepCAb), followed by hepatitis C virus RNA by PCR if HepCAb is positive)
• Patients known to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are NOT excluded from this study, but HIV-positive patients must have:
• A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
• No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infections
• A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard PCR-based test
• HIV testing is not required
• Treatment with medications known to cause corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation within 7 days of study day 1 is not permitted unless approved by the sponsor; use of ondansetron is permitted for treatment of nausea and vomiting

Inclusion Criteria 1. Biopsy-proven non-hematopoietic malignancy, except for small cell lung cancer, germ cell cancer, or unknown primary tumor. 2. Radiographic evidence by MRI (or by CT scan with CT contrast if ineligible or intolerant of MRI) of brain metastasis. (If patient is unable to tolerate MRI contrast, an MRI without contrast is acceptable if lesions are visible) 3. All brain metastases must be outside the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). 4. Patient must have 10 or less brain metastases. 5. The maximum diameter of any lesion must be less than or equal to 3.0 cm. 6. Previous treatment with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or any targeted agents are allowed provided that:
• Radiation was not to the brain.
• Surgery to the brain was > 7 days prior to SRS and there remains at least one additional brain metastasis that can be targeted with SRS 7. Age ≥ 18 years. 8. ECOG Performance Score of 2 or better/Karnofsky Performance Status score of 50-60 or better. 9. All men, as well as women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. 10. A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
• Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
• Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months). 11. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients had craniotomy and surgery to the brain within 7 days from the date of SRS. 2. Patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. NOTE: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive CSF cytology and/or equivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology, unless a parenchymal lesion can adequately explain the neurologic symptoms and/or signs. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion. 3. Patients with a contraindication to both MRI (with or without contrast) and CT scan (with contrast) 4. Patients with life expectancy < 3 months. 5. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements. 6. Subjects must not be pregnant or nursing at the time of SRS treatment due to the potential for congenital abnormalities and the potential of this regimen to harm nursing infants.

1. Age (at the time of consent/assent): ≥6 months to <18 years
•Cohort 4 only: ≥10 years to <18 years 2. Performance Status:
• If <12 years of age: Lanksy Performance Status >50%
• If ≥12 years of age: Karnofsky Performance Status >50% NOTE: If subject is unable to walk due to paralysis, but is mobile in a wheelchair, subject is considered to be ambulatory for the purpose of assessing their performance status. 3. Has provided signed written informed consent/assent 4. Has a life expectancy of >3 months 5. Has relapsed or refractory disease and no standard treatment options as determined by locally or regionally available standards of care and treating physician's discretion 6. Is ineligible or inappropriate for other treatment regimens known to have effective potential 7. Has a documented local diagnostic pathology of original biopsy confirmed by a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) or equivalent laboratory certification 8. Has all prior treatment (i.e., chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy) related clinically significant toxicities resolve to ≤ Grade 1 per CTCAE, version 4.03 or are clinically stable and not clinically significant, at time of enrollment 9. Has completed a prior therapy (ies) according to the criteria below:
• Other investigational study agent (any medicinal product that is not approved in the country of treatment for any indication, adult or pediatric) (At least 30 days or five half-lives, whichever is longer, since last dose prior to the first dose of tazemetostat)
• Chemotherapy: cytotoxic (At least 14 days since last dose of chemotherapy prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Chemotherapy: nitrosoureas (At least 6 weeks since last dose of nitrosoureas prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Chemotherapy: non-cytotoxic (e.g., small molecule inhibitor) (At least 14 days since last dose of non-cytotoxic chemotherapy prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Monoclonal antibody (ies) (At least 28 days since the last dose of any monoclonal antibody prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Immunotherapy (e.g., tumor vaccine) At least 6 weeks since last dose of immunotherapy agent(s) prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Radiotherapy (RT) (At least 14 days from last local site RT prior to first dose of tazemetostat/At least 21 days from stereotactic radiosurgery prior to first dose of tazemetostat/At least 12 weeks from craniospinal, ≥ 50% radiation of pelvis, or total body irradiation prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Hematopoietic growth factor (At least 14 days from last dose of hematopoietic growth factor prior to first dose of tazemetostat)
• Hematopoietic cell transplantation (At least 60 days from infusion of hematopoietic cells prior to first dose of tazemetostat) 10. Has adequate hematologic (bone marrow and coagulation factors), renal and hepatic function as defined by criteria below:
• Hematologic (BM Function):
• Hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dL
• Platelets ≥100,000/mm^3 (≥100 x 10^9/L)
• ANC ≥1,000/mm^3 (≥1.0 x 10^9/L)
• Hematologic (Coagulation Factors):
• INR/ PTd ≤1.5 ULN
• PTT ≤1.5 ULN
• Fibrinogen ≥0.75 LLN
• Renal Function (creatinine clearance or serum creatinine):
• Calculated creatinine clearance ≥50 mL/min/1.73m^2
• Serum creatinine 6 months to 1 year: male 0.6 mg/dL (53 µmol/L) female 0.5 mg/dL (44 µmol/L)
• Serum creatinine 1 to < 2 years: male 0.6 mg/dL (53 µmol/L) female 0.6 mg/dL (53 µmol/L)
• Serum creatinine 2 to < 6 years: male 0.8 mg/dL (71 µmol/L) female 0.8 mg/dL (71 µmol/L)
• Serum creatinine 6 to <10 years: male 1 mg/dL (88 µmol/L) female 1 mg/dL (88 µmol/L)
• Serum creatinine 10 to <13 years: male 1.2 mg/dL (106 µmol/L) female 1.2 mg/dL (106 µmol/L)
• Serum creatinine 13 to <16 years: male 1.5 mg/dL (133 µmol/L) female 1.4 mg/dL (125 µmol/L)
• Serum creatinine ≥16 years: male 1.7 mg/dL (150 µmol/L) female 1.4 mg/dL (125 µmol/L)
• Hepatic Function:
• Total bilirubin <1.5 x ULN
• ALT or AST <3 x ULN Eligibility can be determined by either total or conjugated bilirubin 11. For subjects with CNS involvement: Subjects must have deficits that are stable for a minimum of 14 days prior to enrollment, or seizures that are stable, not increasing in frequency or severity and controlled on current anti-seizure medication(s) for a minimum of 7 days prior to enrollment NOTE: Subjects with leptomeningeal disease or brian tumors with positive cerebral spinal fluid cytology are eligible for this study. Subjects may receive glucocorticoids (at stable or tapering dose) to control CNS symptoms prior to enrollment; however, subjects should receive a stable or tapering dose for at least 7 days prior to enrollment. 12. Has a shortening fraction of >27% or an ejection fraction of ≥50% by echocardiogram or multi-gated acquisition scan and New York Heart Association Class<2 13. Has a QT interval corrected by Fridericia's formula (QTcF) ≤450 msec 14. Is able to swallow and retain orally administered medication and does not have any uncontrolled gastrointestinal (GI) condition such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea, or any clinically significant GI abnormalities that may alter absorption such as malabsorption syndromes, hereditary fructose intolerance, glucose-galactose malabsorption, sucrose-isomaltase insufficiency, or major resection of stomach and/or bowels NOTE: Nasogastric and gastrostomy tube administration of the oral suspension formulation of study drug is permitted. 15. Has sufficient tumor tissue (slides or blocks) available for central confirmatory testing of immunohistochemistry and/or cytogenetics/fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and/or deoxyribonucleic acid mutation analysis (required for study entry but enrollment based on local results) 16. Is willing and able to comply with all aspects of the protocol as judged by Investigator 17. For female subjects of childbearing potential: Subject must:
• Have a negative beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) pregnancy test at time of Screening and within 72 hours prior to planned first dose of tazemetostat (urine or serum test is acceptable however, positive urine tests must be confirmed with serum testing), and
• Agree to use effective contraception, as defined in Section 8.6.11 start of Screening until 6 months following the last dose of study treatment and have a male partner who uses a condom, or
• Practice true abstinence (when this is in line with the preferred and usual lifestyle of the subject, see Section 8.6.11, or
• Have a male partner who is vasectomized with confirmed azoospermia 18. For male subjects with a female partner of childbearing potential: Subject must:
• Be vasectomized or
• Agree to use condoms as defined in Section 8.5.11 from first dose of tazemetostat until 3 months following the last dose of tazemetostat, or
• Have a female partner who is NOT of childbearing potential For Dose Escalation Only: To be eligible for enrollment in dose escalation, a subject must meet ALL of the following criteria in addition to the inclusion criteria listed above for all subjects: 1. Has evaluable disease as defined as lesions that can be accurately measured at least in one dimension by radiographic examination or physical examination and other lesions such as bone lesions, leptomeningeal disease, ascites, hepatosplenomegaly from disease. 2. Has one of the following histologically confirmed tumors: (NOTE: Evidence of diagnostic pathology of original biopsy confirmed by a CLIA/CAP certified laboratory must be available)
• Rhabdoid tumor:
• ATRT (Closed to enrollment)
• MRT
• RTK
• Selected tumors with rhabdoid features
• NI1-negative tumor:
• Epithelioid sarcoma
• Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
• Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
• Myoepithelial carcinoma
• Renal medullary carcinoma
• Other INI1-negative malignant tumors (e.g., dedifferentiated chordoma) with Sponsor approval
• Synovial sarcoma with SS18-SSX rearrangement (NOTE: Evidence of diagnostic pathology of original biopsy confirmed by a CLIA/CAP certified laboratory must be available) (Closed to enrollment) 3. For subjects with ATRT, MRT, RTK, or selected tumors with rhabdoid features only: the following test results must be available: Morphology and immunophenotypic panel consistent with rhabdoid tumor and Loss of INI1 or SMARCA4 confirmed by IHC, or Molecular confirmation of tumor bi-allelic INI1 or SMARCA4 loss/mutation when INI1 or SMARCA4 IHC is equivocal or unavailable 4. For subjects with INI1 negative tumor only: the following test results must be available: Morphology and immunophenotypic panel consistent with INI1-negative tumors, and Loss of INI1 confirmed by IHC, or Molecular confirmation of tumor bi-allelic INI1 loss/mutation when INI1 IHC is equivocal or unavailable 5. For subjects with synovial sarcoma only: The following test results must be available: Morphology consistent with synovial sarcoma, and Cytogenetics or FISH and/or molecular confirmation (e.g., DNA sequencing) of SS18 rearrangement t(X;18)(p11;q11) For Dose Expansion Only: Note: To be eligible for enrollment in Dose Expansion, a subject must meet ALL of the following criteria in addition to the inclusion criteria for ALL subjects listed above 1. Has measurable disease 2. Has one of the following histologically confirmed tumors:
• Cohort 1
•ATRT (Closed to enrollment)
• Cohort 2
•MRT/RTK/selected tumors with rhabdoid features
• Cohort 3
•INI-negative tumors:
• Epithelioid sarcoma
• Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
• Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma(EMC)
• Myoepithelial carcinoma
• Renal medullary carcinoma
• Chordoma (poorly differentiated or de-differentiated)
• Other INI1-negative malignant tumors (e.g., dedifferentiated chordoma) with Sponsor approval
• Cohort 4
•Tumor types eligible for Cohorts 1 through 3 or synovial sarcoma with SS18-SSX rearrangement (Closed to enrollment) NOTE: Evidence of diagnostic pathology of original biopsy confirmed by a CLIA/CAP or other Sponsor-approved certified laboratory must be available. 3. For subjects with ATRT/MRT/RTK only
•have the following test results available:
• Morphology and immunophenotypic panel consistent with rhabdoid tumor, and
• Loss of INI1 or SMARCA4 confirmed by IHC, or
• Molecular confirmation of tumor bi-allelic INI1 or SMARCA4 loss/mutation when INI1 or SMARCA4 IHC is equivocal or unavailable 4. For subjects with INI1-negative tumors only: The following test results must be available:
• Morphology and immunophenotypic panel consistent with INI1-negative tumors, and
• Loss of INI1 confirmed by IHC, or
• Molecular confirmation of tumor bi-allelic INI1 loss/mutation when INI1 IHC is equivocal or unavailable 5. For subjects with synovial sarcoma with SS18-SSX rearrangement (in Cohort 4 ONLY - Closed to enrollment): The following test results must be available:
• Morphology consistent with synovial sarcoma, and
• Cytogenetics or FISH and/or molecular confirmation (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] sequencing) of SS18 rearrangement t(X;18)(p11;q11) 6. For subjects to be enrolled in Cohort 4 (Closed to enrollment): Able to swallow and retain orally administered tablets 1. Has had prior exposure to tazemetostat or other inhibitor(s) of EZH2 2. Is being actively treated for another concurrent malignancy or is less than five years from completion of treatment for another malignancy 3. Has participated in another interventional clinical study and received investigational drug within 30 days or 5 half-lives, whichever is longer, prior to the planned first dose of tazemetostat 4. Has had major surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment NOTE: Minor surgery (e.g., minor biopsy of extracranial site, central venous catheter placement, shunt revision) is permitted within 2 weeks prior to enrollment. 5. Has thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or anemia of Grade ≥3 (per CTCAE 4.03 criteria) or any prior history of myeloid malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Has abnormalities known to be associated with MDS (e.g. del 5q, chr 7 abn) and MPN (e.g. JAK2 V617F) observed in cytogenetic testing and DNA sequencing. Note: Bone marrow aspirate/biopsy will be conducted following abnormal peripheral blood smear morphology assessment conducted by central lab at screening. Cytogenetic testing and DNA sequencing will be conducted following an abnormal result of bone marrow aspirate/biopsy. 6. Has a prior history of T-LBL/T-ALL. 7. Has clinically active heart disease including prolonged corrected QTcF (>450 msec) 8. Is currently taking any prohibited medication(s) as described in Section 7.3. 9. Is unwilling to exclude grapefruit juice, Seville oranges and grapefruit from the diet and all foods that contain those fruits from time of enrollment to while on study 10. Has an active infection requiring systemic treatment 11. Is immunocompromised (i.e. congenital immunodeficiencies), including subjects known history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) 12. Has known history of chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen positive) or hepatitis C virus (detectable HCV RNA) 13. Has had a symptomatic venous thrombosis within the 14 days prior to study enrollment NOTE: Subjects with a history of a deep vein thrombosis 14 days prior to study enrollment who are on anticoagulation therapy with low molecular weight heparin are eligible for this study 14. For subjects with CNS involvement (primary tumor or metastatic disease): Have any active bleeding, or new intratumoral hemorrhage of more than punctate size on Screening MRI obtained within 14 days of starting study drug,or known bleeding diathesis or treatment with anti-platelet or anti-thrombotic agents 15.15. Has known hypersensitivity to any of the components of tazemetostat or other inhibitor(s) of EZH2, or hypersensitivity to Ora-sweet or methylparaben 16. Has an uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, uncontrolled infection, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements 17. For female subjects of childbearing potential: Is pregnant or nursing For male subjects: Is unwilling to adhere to contraception criteria from time of enrollment in study to at least 30 days after last dose of tazemetostat.

• 18-80 years old
• Undergoing non-emergent thoracic surgery
• ASA physical status classification 2 to 4
• Willing and able to consent in English or Spanish
• No personal history of neuromuscular disease
• Age less than 18 or older than 80
• Patient does not speak English or Spanish
• Planned postoperative intubation or ICU admission
• Allergy to sugammadex, neostigmine, glycopyrrolate, or rocuronium
• Family or personal history of malignant hyperthermia
• Patient refusal
• Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) or regional anesthesia planned
• Pregnant or nursing women
• "Stat" (emergent) cases
• Estimated creatinine clearance <30 mL/min
• Pre-existing muscle weakness of any etiology
• Patients on toremifene (a selective estrogen receptor modulator)
• Women on oral contraceptives who do not wish to use a non-hormonal method of contraception for 7 days following surgery

Inclusion: 1. For dose escalation part: Histologically confirmed solid tumor (including CNS tumors but not lymphomas). Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll 2. For dose expansion cohort: Histologically confirmed solid tumor including but not limited to Ewing sarcoma, rhabdoid tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma.Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll 3. For tumor-specific cohorts: Histologically confirmed solid tumor including but not limited to rhabdoid tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma. Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll. Ewing sarcoma is not eligible for tumor-specific cohorts. 4. Age ≥2 and <21 years at the time of study entry. 5. Lansky performance status ≥50% for patients ≤12 years of age, or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0, 1 or 2 for patients >12 years of age. 6. Adequate bone marrow function: Absolute neutrophil count ≥1000/mm3; Platelet count ≥100,000/mm3 (transfusion independent); Hemoglobin ≥8.5 g/dL (transfusion allowed); 7. Adequate renal function (serum creatinine level based on age/gender must be less than or equal to the maximum upper limits specified in protocol) 8. Adequate liver function, including:Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤5 × ULN for age, if attributable to disease involvement of the liver; Total bilirubin ≤1.5 × ULN for age. 9. Measurable disease as defined by RECIST version 1.1 or modified RANO criteria for CNS disease or INRC for neuroblastoma. 10. Recovered to CTCAE Grade ≤1, or to baseline, from any non-hematological acute toxicities of prior surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, differentiation therapy or biologic therapy, with the exception of alopecia. 11. Serum/urine pregnancy test (for all girls ≥8 years of age) negative at screening and at the baseline visit. 12. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient or a legally acceptable representative/parent(s)/legal guardian, for minors, has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study. Minor study patients also must provide age appropriate assent according to the local guidelines, where applicable. 13. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other procedures. Exclusion: 1. Prior treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor or progression while on treatment with an IRN-containing regimen that includes TMZ. Patients who have received the combination of IRN and TMZ and did not progress while on these medications are eligible. 2. Prior intolerability to IRN and/or TMZ. 3. Use of strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitors or inducers or strong uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) inhibitors within 12 days of Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1). 4. Prior growth factors within 7 days before study entry or peg-filgrastim within 14 days before study entry. 5. Radiation therapy within 14 days before study entry. 6. Systemic anti cancer therapy within 2 weeks prior to study entry and 6 weeks for nitrosoureas. 7. Previous high dose chemotherapy requiring stem cell rescue within 90 days or persistent AE >Grade 1. 8. Prior irradiation to >50% of the bone marrow. 9. Participation in other studies involving investigational drug(s) within 2 weeks or 5 half lives, whichever is longer, prior to study entry. 10. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to study entry. Surgical biopsies or central line placement are not considered major surgeries. 11. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to palbociclib, IRN and/or TMZ. 12. Patients with known symptomatic brain tumors or brain metastases and require steroids, unless they have been on a stable or on a decreasing steroid dose for >14 days. 13. Patients with previously diagnosed brain metastases are eligible if they have completed their prior treatment and have recovered from the acute effects of radiation therapy or surgery prior to study entry for these metastases for at least 14 days post radiation and 4 weeks post-surgery and are neurologically stable. 14. Hereditary bone marrow failure disorder. 15. QTc >470 msec. 16. History of clinically significant or uncontrolled cardiac disease, including: history of or active congestive heart failure; if patient had congestive heart failure resolve and >1 year from resolution, patient will be considered eligible; clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia (such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or Torsades de Pointes); diagnosed or suspected congenital or acquired prolonged QT syndrome; need for medications known to prolong the QT interval; uncorrected hypomagnesemia or hypokalemia because of potential effects on the QT interval; left ventricular ejection fraction <50% or shortening fraction <28%. 17. Recent or ongoing clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder that may interfere with absorption of orally administered drugs (eg, gastrectomy). 18. Evidence of serious active or uncontrolled bacterial, fungal or viral infection or known history of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related illness. 19. Other severe acute or chronic medical or laboratory test abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the Investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study. 20. Investigator site staff members directly involved in the conduct of the study and their family members, site staff members otherwise supervised by the investigator, or patients who are Pfizer employees, including their family members, directly involved in the conduct of the study. 21. Fertile male patients and female patients of childbearing potential who are unwilling or unable to use a highly effective method of contraception as outlined in this protocol for the duration of the study and for at least 90 after the last dose of investigational product.

• Age 5 through 21 years old at the time of screening for Cohorts 1 and 2; Age ≥2 years old at the time of screening for Cohort 3.
• Documented diagnosis of 5q SMA.
• Diagnosed as later-onset (e.g., Type 2 or Type 3) SMA prior to receiving any treatment with therapy approved for SMA.
• Non-ambulatory patients must be able to sit independently (sits up straight with head erect for at least 10 seconds; does not use arms or hands to balance body or support position) per World Health Organization (WHO) motor milestones definition at screening.
• Ambulatory patients must have the ability to independently ambulate without aids or orthotics over 10 meters in 30 seconds or less at screening.
• Receiving the same background SMA therapy (e.g., on an approved survival motor neuron (SMN) upregulator therapy such as nusinersen, or not on any SMA therapy) for at least 6 months prior to screening and anticipated to remain on that therapy throughout the duration of the study.
• If receiving the SMN upregulator therapy nusinersen, must have completed the loading regimen and initiated maintenance dosing (i.e., completed at least one maintenance dose) with at least 4 weeks after the first maintenance dose having elapsed prior to screening.
• Nutritional status stable over the past 6 months and anticipated to be stable throughout the duration of the study.
• Have no physical limitations that would prevent the patient from undergoing motor function outcome measures throughout the duration of the study.
• Able to receive study drug infusions and provide blood samples through the use of a peripheral intravenous (IV) or a long-term IV access device that the patient has placed for reasons independent from the study throughout the duration of the study.
• Able to adhere to the requirements of the protocol, including travel to the study center and completing all study procedures and study visits.
• For patients who are expected to have reached reproductive maturity by the end of the study, adhere to study specific contraception requirements.
• Use of tracheostomy with positive pressure.
• Use of chronic daytime non-invasive ventilatory support for >16 hours daily in the 2 weeks prior to dosing, or anticipated to regularly receive such daytime ventilator support chronically over the duration of the study.
• Any acute or co-morbid condition interfering with the well-being of the patient within 14 days of screening, including active systemic infection, the need for acute treatment or inpatient observation due to any reason.
• Severe scoliosis and/or contractures at screening. Based on clinical judgement, any scoliosis or contractures present must be stable over the past 6 months, anticipated to be stable for the duration of the study and not prevent the patient from being evaluated on any functional outcome measures throughout the duration of the study.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Major orthopedic or other interventional procedure, including spine or hip surgery, considered to have the potential to substantially limit the ability of the patient to be evaluated on any functional outcome measures, within 6 months prior to screening, or anticipated for the duration of the study.
• Prior history of a hypersensitivity reaction to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or recombinant protein bearing an Fc domain (such as a soluble receptor- Fc fusion protein).
• Use of systemic corticosteroids within 60 days prior to screening. Inhaled or topical steroids are allowed.
• Treatment with investigational drugs within 3 months prior to screening.
• Use of therapies with potentially significant muscle effects (such as androgens, insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, systemic betaagonist, botulinum toxin, or muscle relaxants) or muscle-enhancing supplements within 60 days prior to screening.
• Patient has any other condition, which in the opinion of the Investigator may compromise safety or compliance, would preclude the patient from successful completion of the study, or interfere with the interpretation of the results.

• Adult patients ≥ 18 years
• Individuals presenting for major shoulder arthroscopy procedures at Ambulatory Services Center (Outpatient Surgery Center) (for example: rotator cuff repair, subacromial decompression, Bankart repair)
• Patient is able to provide informed consent to participate in the study.
• Allergy to amide local anesthetic, liposomal bupivacaine or other medication involving liposomal formulation
• Preexisting neurological deficits involving or potentially involving the ipsilateral brachial plexus
• Preexisting contralateral vocal fold paralysis or recurrent laryngeal paralysis
• Psychiatric or cognitive disorders that could interfere with perioperative evaluation including drug or alcohol abuse
• Chronic pain conditions
• Preoperative opioid consumption greater than 20 mg oral morphine equivalent.
• Any contraindication to interscalene nerve block including any local disorder of the skin where blockade is to be performed which would prevent safe performance of the block
• Any coagulation abnormality which would be a contraindication for block placement
• Preoperative chronic renal dysfunction requiring renal replacement therapy or a serum creatinine greater than 1.4 mg/dL
• Body mass index >50
• Pregnancy
• Incarceration
• ASA classification greater than 3
• Inability to provide informed consent
• Refusal to participate in the study
• Patients undergoing biceps tenodesis (due to variable axillary pain not covered by ISB)

• Upper age limit of =< 18 years of age for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.35 m^2
• Patients must have recurrent or refractory disease, or newly diagnosed disease with no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life; patients must have had histologic verification of one of the malignancies listed below at original diagnosis or at relapse:
• Ewing sarcoma
• Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)
• Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (STS) including microphthalmia transcription factor associated STS (alveolar soft part sarcoma [ASPS] and clear cell sarcoma [CCS])
• Osteosarcoma
• Wilms tumor
• Rare tumors
• Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
• Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Hepatoblastoma
• Adrenocortical carcinoma
• Pediatric solid tumors (including central nervous system [CNS] tumors) with known molecular alterations in the targets of XL184 (i.e., MET amplification, overexpression, activating mutation, MET translocation, MET exon skipping mutations, activating RET mutations, RET rearrangement, overexpression or activation of AXL); documentation of the alteration from a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) certified laboratory will be required
• Note: Documentation of any known tumor molecular alterations and RET mutation status for patients with MTC (germline) must be uploaded via the RAVE system
• Patients must have radiographically measurable disease; measurable disease is defined as the presence of at least one lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan that can be accurately measured with the longest diameter a minimum of 10 mm in at least one dimension (CT scan slice thickness no greater than 5 mm)
• Note: The following do NOT qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans)
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement parameters noted above
• Patients must have a Lansky or Karnofsky performance status score of >= 50, corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) categories 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
• Patients with solid tumors must not have received myelosuppressive chemotherapy within 3 weeks of enrollment onto this study (6 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
• At least 7 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a growth factor. At least 14 days must have elapsed after receiving pegfilgrastim
• Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent
• Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• >= 2 weeks must have elapsed since local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed since treatment with therapeutic doses of M-Iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG); >= 3 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal XRT was received, if >= 50% of the pelvis was irradiated, or if total-body irradiation (TBI) was received; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow irradiation was given
• Subjects should not have any clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy (i.e., radiation esophagitis or other inflammation of the viscera)
• No evidence of active graft versus (vs.) host disease and >= 2 months must have elapsed since transplant
• Not previously received XL184 or another MET/HGF inhibitor (tivantinib or crizotinib); there are no limits on number of prior therapeutic regimens; patients who have been treated with prior VEGF pathway, or RET inhibitors (except XL184) may be eligible
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/uL for patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement
• Platelet count >= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions within a 7 day period prior to enrollment) for patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell [RBC] transfusions) for patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/uL for patients with solid tumors and known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Platelet count >= 50,000/uL for patients with solid tumors and known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL for patients with solid tumors and known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Transfusions are permitted to meet both the platelet and hemoglobin criteria; patients must not be known to be refractory to red blood cell or platelet transfusions
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• 2 to < 6 years of age
• Male and female: 0.8 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• 6 to < 10 years of age
• Male and female: 1 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• 10 to < 13 years of age
• Male and female: 1.2 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• 13 to < 16 years of age
• Male 1.5 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• Female: 1.4 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• >= 16 years of age
• Male: 1.7 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• Female: 1.4 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• Urine protein: =< 30 mg/dl in urinalysis or =< 1+ on dipstick, unless quantitative protein is < 1000 mg in a 24 hour (h) urine sample
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (3 x ULN) (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• Serum albumin >= 2.8 g/dL
• No history of congenital prolonged corrected QT (QTc) syndrome, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure (CHF)
• No clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias, stroke or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment
• QTc =< 480 msec; Note: Patients with grade 1 prolonged QTc (450- 480 msec) at the time of study enrollment should have correctable causes of prolonged QTc addressed if possible (i.e., electrolytes, medications)
• Patients with a known seizure disorder who are receiving non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants and have well-controlled seizures may be enrolled
• CNS toxicity =< grade 2 with the exception of decreased tendon reflex (DTR); any grade of DTR is eligible
• A blood pressure (BP) =< the 95th percentile for age, height, and gender for pediatric patients < 18 years old and =< 140/90 mmHg for patients >= 18 years old; patients should not be receiving medication for treatment of hypertension (except patients with Wilms tumor and RCC who may be eligible if on stable doses of no more than one anti-hypertensive medication with a baseline BP =< ULN for pediatric patients and =< 140/90 for adult patients); please note that 3 serial blood pressures should be obtained and averaged to determine baseline BP
• International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5
• Serum amylase =< 1.5 ULN
• Serum lipase =< 1.5 ULN
• Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two methods of birth control- a medically accepted barrier method of contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) and a second effective method of birth control-during protocol therapy and for at least 4 months after the last dose of XL184; abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control
• Growth factors that support platelet or white cell number or function must not have been administered within the 7 days prior to enrollment (14 days if pegfilgrastim)
• Patients requiring corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for the 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Previous treatment with XL184 (cabozantinib) or another MET/HGF inhibitor (tivantinib, crizotinib)
• Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
• Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible
• Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant are not eligible for this trial
• Patients must not be receiving any of the following potent CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors: erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, azithromycin, itraconazole, grapefruit juice or St. John's wort
• Concomitant anticoagulation with oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, direct thrombin, and Factor Xa inhibitors) or platelet inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel) are prohibited
• Note: Low-dose aspirin for cardioprotection (per local applicable guidelines) and low dose, low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are permitted; anticoagulation with therapeutic doses of LMWH is allowed in subjects without radiographic evidence of brain metastasis, who are on a stable dose of LMWH for at least 6 weeks before first dose of study treatment, and who have had no complications from a thromboembolic event or the anticoagulation regimen
• Patients must not have received enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants within 14 days prior to enrollment
• Patients who are receiving drugs that prolong QTc are not eligible
• Patients who are unable to swallow intact tablets are not eligible
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
• Patients with active bleeding are not eligible; specifically, no clinically significant gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, GI perforation, intra-abdominal abscess or fistula for 6 months prior to enrollment, no hemoptysis or other signs of pulmonary hemorrhage for 3 months prior to enrollment; patients with evidence of an acute intracranial or intratumoral hemorrhage on CT or MRI are not eligible (patients with evidence of resolving hemorrhage will be eligible); in patients with CNS tumors, an MRI with ECHO gradient sequences would be required to exclude presence of petechial hemorrhages
• Patients who have had or are planning to have the following invasive procedures are not eligible:
• Major surgical procedure, laparoscopic procedure, or open biopsy within 28 days prior to enrollment
• Central line placement or subcutaneous port placement is not considered major surgery but must be placed at least 3 days prior to enrollment for external lines (e.g., Hickman or Broviac catheter, peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC]) and at least 7 days prior to enrollment for a subcutaneous port
• Core biopsy within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Fine needle aspirate within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Surgical or other wounds must be adequately healed prior to enrollment
• NOTE: For purposes of this study, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy are not considered surgical procedures and therefore are permitted within 14 days prior to start of protocol therapy
• Patients who have had significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to enrollment are not eligible
• Patients with any medical or surgical conditions that would interfere with gastrointestinal absorption of the study drug are not eligible

Inclusion Criteria
• ≥2 years and <18 years of age for enrolment in Phase 1 or ≥2 years and ≤21 years of age for enrolment in Phase 2.
• Recurrent or refractory solid tumors
• Phase 1: All solid tumors (measurable or evaluable disease), including primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors; exclusion of hepatoblastoma and lymphomas. Participants with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, optic pathway glioma, or pineal tumors with elevated tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [ß-hCG][or human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG])do not require histological or cytological confirmation of diagnosis
• Phase 2: Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET), Rhabdomyosarcoma, High Grade Glioma (HGG) (all must have measurable disease); exclusion of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis
• Measurable disease that meets the following criteria (Phase 2): 1. RECIST 1.1 (for all tumor types except HGG): At least 1 lesion of ≥1.0 cm in the longest diameter for a non lymph node or ≥1.5 cm in the short-axis diameter for a lymph node which is serially measurable according to RECIST 1.1 using computed tomography /magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) 2. Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) for high grade glioma (HGG): At least one lesion must be measurable as defined as a bi dimensionally contrast enhancing lesion with clearly defined margins by CT or MRI scan, with a minimal diameter of 1 cm, and visible on 2 axial slices which are preferably at most 5 mm apart with 0 mm skip Lesions that have had external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or locoregional therapies such as radiofrequency (RF) ablation must show evidence of progressive disease based on RECIST 1.1 to be deemed a target lesion
• Karnofsky performance score ≥50 for participants>16 year of age and Lansky play score ≥50 for participants ≤16 years of age. Neurologic deficits in participants with CNS tumors must have been relatively stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment. Participants who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• Prior Therapy
• Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other chemotherapy known to be myelosuppressive: ≥21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (eg, not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil counts): ≥7 days after the last dose of agent
• Monoclonal antibodies: ≥21 days or 3 half-lives (whichever is shorter) of the antibody must have elapsed after the last dose of a monoclonal antibody (including checkpoint inhibitors). Toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to Grade ≤1
• Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, ≥14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid. Participants receiving corticosteroids, who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment, are not eligible
• Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor or 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
• Interleukins, interferons, and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): ≥21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferons or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total body irradiation): Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor leukocytes infusion or boost infusion: ≥84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease; Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: ≥42 days
• Cellular Therapy: ≥42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (eg, modified T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, etc)
• Radiotherapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: ≥14 days after local XRT; ≥150 days after total body irradiation, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to ≥50% of the pelvis; ≥42 days if other substantial bone marrow radiation.
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy: ≥42 days after systemically administered therapy.
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-targeted or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-targeted therapies: Must not have received prior exposure to lenvatinib; May have previously progressed on an mTOR inhibitor; No more than 2 prior VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapies (For Phase 2 only); Must not have received prior VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy in combination with an mTOR inhibitor (For Phase 2 only)
• Adequate bone marrow function for participants with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement
• Adequate bone marrow function for participants with known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Adequate renal function
• Adequate liver function
• Adequate cardiac function
• Adequate neurologic function
• Adequate blood pressure (BP) control with or without antihypertensive medications
• Adequate coagulation
• Adequate pancreatic function
• Adequate metabolic function
• Adequate glycemic control
• Participants must have a minimum body surface area (BSA) of 0.6 m^2 at study entry. Exclusion Criteria
• Participants who have had or are planning to have the following invasive procedures
• Major surgical procedure, laparoscopic procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to enrolment
• Central line placement or subcutaneous port placement is not considered major surgery. External central lines must be placed at least 3 days prior to enrollment and subcutaneous ports must be placed at least 7 days prior to enrollment
• Fine needle aspirate within 7 days prior to enrolment
• Surgical or other wounds must be adequately healed prior to enrolment
• For purposes of this study, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy are not considered surgical procedures and therefore are permitted within 14 days prior to start of protocol therapy
• Participants who have non-healing wound, unhealed or incompletely healed fracture, or a compound (open) bone fracture at the time of enrolment
• Participants having an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Participants with a known history of active hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen reactive or hepatitis B virus- deoxyribonucleic [DNA] detected) or known active hepatitis C virus (HCV, defined as HCV- Ribonucleic acid [RNA] detected). Note: No testing for hepatitis B and hepatitis C is required unless mandated by the local health authority.
• Known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Note: HIV testing is required at screening only when mandated by the local health authority
• Clinical evidence of nephrotic syndrome prior to enrolment
• Gastrointestinal bleeding or active hemoptysis (bright red blood of at least half teaspoon) within 21 days prior to enrolment
• Thrombotic/ thromboembolic event requiring systemic anticoagulation within 90 days prior to enrollment
• Evidence of new intracranial hemorrhage of more than punctate size on MRI assessment obtained within 28 days prior to study enrollment for Participants with HGG
• Diagnosis of lymphoma
• Radiographic evidence of major blood vessel invasion/infiltration.
• Evidence of untreated CNS metastases (exception: participants with primary CNS tumors and leptomeningeal disease)
• Participants who are currently receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants
• Participants chronically receiving strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors or inducers within 7 days prior to study enrollment
• Females who are breastfeeding or pregnant. For females of childbearing potential, a negative screening pregnancy test must be obtained within 72 hours before the first dose of study drug

• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas, histiocytoses (e.g. langerhans cell histiocytosis [LCH], juvenile xanthogranuloma [JXG], histiocytic sarcoma), and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are eligible; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse except in patients with intrinsic brain stem tumors, optic pathway gliomas, or patients with pineal tumors and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum tumor markers including alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); in cases where patient enrolls prior to histologic confirmation of recurrent disease, patient is ineligible and should be withdrawn from study if histology fails to confirm recurrence; please note: Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and plexiform neurofibroma are not eligible
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients must have an formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor sample available for MATCH study testing from a biopsy or surgery that was performed at any point after initial tumor recurrence/progression, or be planned to have a procedure to obtain such a sample that is considered to be of potential benefit by the treating clinicians; a tumor sample from a clinically performed diagnostic (pre-treatment) biopsy will be acceptable for enrollment onto Pediatric MATCH only for children with high-grade gliomas of the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas) or thalamus
• Please note: Samples that have been decalcified using standardly utilized acid-based decalcification methods are not generally suitable for MATCH study testing; the nucleic acids will have been degraded in the decalcification process
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age); note: neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients must have radiographically measurable disease; measurable disease based on imaging obtained less than or equal to 56 days prior to enrollment; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) positive (+) evaluable disease are eligible; measurable disease in patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is defined as tumor that is measurable in two perpendicular diameters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and visible on more than one slice
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or CSF
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: NOTE: patient does not need to meet all subprotocol criteria at time of enrollment onto the APEC1621SC screening protocol, but will need to meet all criteria prior to enrollment on any assigned treatment subprotocol. Patients must be enrolled onto a subprotocol within 8 weeks (56 days) of treatment assignment
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age); Note: neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: At the time of treatment with subprotocol specified therapy, the patients must have radiographically measurable disease; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have MIBG+ evaluable are eligible; measurable disease in patients with CNS involvement is defined as tumor that is measurable in two perpendicular diameters on MRI and visible on more than one slice
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or CSF
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for RECIST 1.1
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: At the time of enrollment onto a subprotocol, the following general criteria for initiation of therapy will be required:
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anticancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anticancer directed therapy prior to enrollment to the subprotocol; if after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: for agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment >= 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anticancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil counts [ANC]): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent; for agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment
• Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator
• Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total-body irradiation [TBI]):
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: >= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 42 days
• Cellular therapy: >= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g. modified T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
• X-ray therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: >= 14 days after local XRT; >= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis; >= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation; note: radiation may not be delivered to "measurable disease" tumor site(s) being used to follow response to subprotocol treatment
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, 131I-MIBG): >= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• Age: 1 to < 2 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 0.6; female 0.6
• Age: 2 to < 6 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 0.8; female 0.8
• Age: 6 to < 10 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1; female 1
• Age: 10 to < 13 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.2; female 1.2
• Age: 13 to < 16 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.5; female 1.4
• Age: >= 16 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.7; female 1.4
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine transferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients must be able to swallow intact capsules/tablets, unless otherwise specified in the subprotocol to which they are assigned
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Agent specific limitations on prior therapy will be included with specific treatment subprotocols
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies, or because there is currently no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities; pregnancy tests must be obtained in females who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Concomitant medications
• Corticosteroids: at the time of consent and enrollment to regimen specific subprotocols, patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment to the subprotocol will not be eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Investigational drugs: patients must meet criteria for prior therapy at the time of consent and enrollment to a subprotocol; other investigational agents may not be administered to patients while they are receiving study drug as part of a subprotocol
• Anticancer agents: patients must meet criteria for prior therapy at the time of consent and enrollment to a subprotocol; other investigational agents may not be administered to patients while they are receiving study drug as part of a subprotocol
• Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients who have had a prior solid organ transplant are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Additional agent specific criteria will be included with specific treatment subprotocols

• Evidence of signed and dated informed consent/assent document(s) indicating that the subject (and/or his parent/legal guardian) has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial
• History of exposure to ataluren in a prior PTC study in nmDBMD at a trial site in the US
• Male sex
• Confirmed screening laboratory values within the specified ranges
• In subjects who are sexually active, willingness to abstain from sexual intercourse or employ a barrier or medical method of contraception during ataluren administration and the 6-week follow up period
• Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, study procedures, laboratory tests, and study restrictions
• Exposure to another investigational drug within 1 month prior to start of study treatment.
• Eligibility for another ataluren clinical trial that is actively enrolling study participants.
• Positive for Hepatitis B core antibody or Hepatitis C antibody at screening
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients or excipients of ataluren (Litesse® UltraTM [refined polydextrose], polyethylene glycol 3350, Lutrol® micro F127 [poloxamer 407], mannitol 25C, crospovidone XL10, hydroxyethyl cellulose, vanilla, Cab-O-Sil® M5P [colloidal silica], magnesium stearate).
• Ongoing use of the following medications: a. Systemic aminoglycoside therapy
• Ongoing uncontrolled medical/surgical condition, ECG findings, or laboratory abnormality that, in the investigator's opinion, could adversely affect the safety of the patient or make it unlikely that follow-up would be completed.

• Cases with diagnosis of coronal
• Unaffected relatives of cases
• Unaffected controls including those who may have undergone clinically indicated craniofacial surgery for trauma or conditions other than craniosynostosis or bone disease. These individuals will be recruited at some of the other collaborating institutions, but not at Mount Sinai. Individuals of any racial or ethnic group with the established or suspected clinical diagnosis of coronal, nonsyndromic craniosynostosis will be included in this study. Unaffected relatives, such as their biological parents and/or sibs, will also be included to contribute medical information and samples as negative controls for our study.
• Those who fit the criteria, but who choose not to participate
• Those who do not meet the criteria.
• Other than children, no vulnerable individuals will be recruited, such as intellectual impaired individuals or prisoners.

• 3
•7 years old
• male or female
• non-dominant upper extremity brachial plexus injury
• Botox injections to the affected extremity within the past 3 months
• Severe muscle contractures of affected extremity that restricts functional use of the arm and hand
• Concurrent cerebral palsy

• Female or male subjects aged 2 to 17 years inclusive
• Decision to prescribe abobotulinumtoxinA, to be made prior to and independently from the decision to enrol in the study
• Primary diagnosis of paediatric lower limb (PLL) spasticity and either: Previously untreated with BoNT (naïve to BoNT), or previously treated with a BoNT (i.e. non naïve to BoNT), and for those who were previously treated with BoNT-A, they should have responded to BoNT-A treatment according to the investigator's criteria
• For non naïve BoNT subjects, a minimum interval of 12 weeks since the last BoNT injection and in the presence of spasticity
• Known resistance to any BoNT or experienced serious safety issues with previous use of BoNT
• Concomitant treatment with other BoNT
• Known hypersensitivity to abobotulinumtoxinA or related compounds, or any component in the study drug formulation
• Subjects with any clinical (or subclinical) evidence of marked defective neuromuscular transmission (e.g. Lambert Eaton syndrome or myasthenia gravis) or persistent clinically significant neuromuscular disorders

• Has completed a study of SRP-5051 and continues to meet the Eligibility Criteria of Study 5051-102.
• Initiation or change of dosing (except for modifications to accommodate changes in weight or changes in standard of care) since completing a study administering SRP-5051 and while participating in this study for any of the following: angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blocking agents (ARBs), beta-blockers, potassium and steroids*.
• Requires antiarrhythmic and/or diuretic therapy for heart failure.
• Use of any herbal medication/supplement containing aristolochic acid.
• Treatment with any experimental therapy since entering original study or any experimental gene therapy for the treatment of DMD at any time.
• Participation in an interventional clinical trial since completing original study. Other inclusion/exclusion criteria apply. * The dose of steroids must remain constant except for modifications to accommodate changes in weight.

• Subject is able to comprehend and is willing to provide written informed consent and is capable and willing to comply with trial procedures, or in the circumstance that the subject is incompetent, informed consent/assent is provided in accordance with local regulation and/or procedures
• Subject has completed the ORARIALS-01 trial (i.e., met one of the surrogate survival endpoints of tracheostomy or PAV or has completed the 76 weeks randomized treatment period)
• Subject completed ORARIALS-01 while on treatment, where on treatment is defined as having taken the last dose of IMP within 2 weeks of the End of Trial visit (whether at week 76 or prior)
• Known or suspected allergy or intolerance to the IMP (Arimoclomol or constituents)
• Exposure to any other investigational treatment, advanced therapy medicinal product or use of any other prohibited concomitant medications
• Women who are lactating or pregnant, or men or women unwilling to use a highly effective method of birth control if not surgically sterile (defined as bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy, or hysterectomy for women; vasectomy for men) for female participants until 4 weeks after last dose and for male participants until 3 months after last dose. Pre-menopausal women must have a negative pregnancy test prior to dosing with trial medication.
• Any of the following medically significant conditions: 1. Clinically significant renal or hepatic disease OR clinical laboratory assessment (results ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN] for aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin ≥ 2 times the ULN, or creatinine ≥ 1.5 times the ULN). 2. Any new condition or worsening of existing condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, would put the subject at undue risk.
• Any serious adverse event or moderate/severe adverse event from the ORARIALS-01 trial which is ongoing at the time of transitioning to ORARIALS-02 and assessed as probably related to IMP