Criteria for Inclusion of Subjects: Hand and forearm amputees: 1. Male or female, age 18 and older, of any race or ethnicity 2. Able and willing to sign Consent 3. Able and willing to participate in all study activities including implantation, testing and explantation of the study device. 4. Able to communicate effectively in English without an interpreter After preliminary screening subjects will be assessed for the following inclusion criteria: 1. Patient has an existing myoelectric hand prosthesis and demonstrates proficiency during daily use 2. Overall and phantom pain are well-controlled and not incapacitating Criteria for Exclusion of Subjects: 1. If MR neurogram and EMG/NCS study show nerve or muscle dysfunction/injury at a higher level than anticipated based on the appearance of the physical amputation stump, the subject may be excluded from the study due to adverse neuromuscular anatomy which would preclude use of the proposed experimental electrode implants. The radiographs will be used to confirm suitability of the amputation stump configuration. If the bony anatomy of the amputation stump is found to be unsuitable, the patient may be excluded from the study. 2. Subjects who have a history of cardiac arrhythmia will be excluded from the study.

• Patients must have histologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis
• Patients must have had at least one episode of disease recurrence in the lungs without limitation on number of episodes of recurrence as long as they meet the following criteria:
• Surgical resection of all possible sites of suspected pulmonary metastases in order to achieve a complete remission within 4 weeks prior to study enrollment**
• Pathologic confirmation of metastases from at least one of the resected sites
• For patients with bilateral pulmonary metastases, resection must be performed from both lungs and the study enrollment must be within 4 weeks from date of the last lung surgery
• Note: If surgery related changes such as atelectasis are seen on the post-operative computed tomography (CT) scan, patients will remain eligible to enroll as long as the operating surgeon believes that all sites of metastases were resected; patients with positive microscopic margins will be eligible to enroll
• Patient must have adequate tumor specimen available for submission
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
• Myelosuppressive anti-cancer therapy: must not have been received within 2 weeks of study entry (4 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
• Biologic (anti-neoplastic agent): at least 7 days since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent
• Radiation therapy (RT): >= 2 weeks for local palliative radiation therapy (RT) (small port); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if prior craniospinal RT or if >= 50% radiation of pelvis; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation
• Surgery: >= 2 weeks from last major surgery, including pulmonary metastasectomy, with the exclusion of a central line placement and core needle or small open biopsies
• Patient must not have received pegfilgrastim within 14 days of enrollment
• Patient must not have received filgrastim (G-CSF, Neupogen) within 7 days of enrollment
• Patient must not have received immune suppressants: corticosteroids (for other than allergic reactions and anaphylaxis), cyclosporine or tacrolimus within 7 days of enrollment
• Note: the use of topical and/or inhalational steroids is allowed
• Total absolute phagocyte count (APC = [%neutrophils + %monocytes) x white blood cells [WBC]) is at least 1000/uL
• Platelet count >= 50,000/uL
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• 1 month to < 6 months: 0.4 (male) 0.4 (female)
• 6 months to < 1 year: 0.5 (male), 0.5 (female)
• 1 to < 2 years: 0.6 (male), 0.6 (female)
• 2 to < 6 years: 0.8 (male), 0.8 (female)
• 6 to < 10 years: 1 (male), 1 (female)
• 10 to < 13 years: 1.2 (male), 1.2 (female)
• 13 to < 16 years: 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female)
• >= 16 years: 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 110 U/L (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• Serum albumin >= 2 g/dL
• Baseline electrocardiogram (EKG) shows normal corrected QT interval (QTc) interval of =< 470 milliseconds (ms)
• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram, or
• Ejection fraction of >= 50% by radionuclide angiogram or echocardiogram
• No evidence of dyspnea at rest, no history of exercise intolerance, and a pulse oximetry > 94%
• Patient has no known history of seizure disorder
• Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity including peripheral neuropathy =< grade 2
• Patients with distant bone metastases at original diagnosis or relapse (patients with only skip lesions will be eligible)
• Patients with concurrent local and pulmonary recurrence at the time of enrollment; note: patients who had local recurrence previously that has been treated and now present with an isolated pulmonary recurrence and meet the surgical resection criteria stated above will be eligible
• Patients with primary refractory disease with progression of the primary tumor on initial therapy
• Patients with CNS disease or other sites of extra-pulmonary metastases at the time of most recent episode of disease recurrence preceding enrollment
• Patients with a prior hypersensitivity reaction to sargramostim
• Patients who have received prior anti-GD2 therapy, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells directed against GD2 antigen
• Female patients who are pregnant are ineligible
• Lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants
• Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation; patients should maintain adequate contraception for a minimum of 2 months after the last dose of ch14.18 (dinutuximab)

• Histologically or cytologically-confirmed Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, or osteosarcoma
• Disease progression after prior therapy in locally advanced or metastatic setting
• Measurable or evaluable disease based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) criteria
• Age 12 months to <21 years
• Adequate bone marrow reserves, hepatic function, and renal function
• Recovered from effects of any prior surgery or cancer therapy
• Patients 18 years or older will provide written consent. A parent or legal guardian of a patient <18 years of age will provide informed consent and patients 11 to 18 years of age will provide written assent or as per participating institutional policy.
• Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders
• NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or uncontrolled blood pressure
• Active infection or unexplained fever
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the components of MM-398 or other liposomal products
• Recent Investigational therapy
• Pregnant or breast feeding; females of child-bearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment

• Feasibility Phase: Patients must be < 21 years of age at the time of enrollment; please note: the feasibility phase is complete, effective with amendment #1
• Efficacy Phase: Patients must be =< 40 years of age at the time of enrollment
• Patients with newly diagnosed RMS of any subtype, except adult-type pleomorphic, based upon institutional histopathologic classification, are eligible to enroll on the study based upon stage, group, and age, as below
• RMS types included under embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) include those classified in the 1995 International Classification of Rhabdomyosarcoma (ICR) as ERMS (classic, spindle cell, and botryoid variants), which are reclassified in the 2013 World Health Organization (WHO) classification as ERMS (classic, dense and botryoid variants) and spindle cell/sclerosing RMS (encompassing the historical spindle cell ERMS variant and the newly recognized sclerosing RMS variant); classification of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) in the 2013 WHO classification is the same as in the ICR and includes classic and solid variants
• ERMS
• Stage 1, group III (non-orbit)
• Stage 3, group I/II
• Stage 2/3, group III
• Stage 4, group IV, < 10 years old
• ARMS:
• Stages 1-3, groups I-III
• Specimen Submission: Patients must have sufficient tissue available for the required biology study
• Lansky performance status score >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age; Karnofsky performance status score >= 50 for patients > 16 years of age
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/uL
• Platelet count >= 75,000/uL
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• 1 month to < 6 months old: 0.4 mg/dl (male), 0.4 mg/dl (female)
• 6 months to < 1 year old: 0.5 mg/dl (male), 0.5 mg/dl (female)
• 1 to < 2 years old: 0.6 mg/dl (male), 0.6 mg/dl (female)
• 2 to < 6 years old: 0.8 mg/dl (male), 0.8 mg/dl (female)
• 6 to < 10 years old: 1 mg/dl (male), 1 mg/dl (female)
• 10 to < 13 years old: 1.2 mg/dl (male), 1.2 mg/dl (female)
• 13 to < 16 years old: 1.5 mg/dl (male), 1.4 mg/dl (female)
• >= 16 years old: 1.7 mg/dl (male), 1.4 mg/dl (female)
• Patients with an elevated serum creatinine due to obstructive hydronephrosis secondary to tumor are still eligible; however, patients with urinary tract obstruction by tumor must have unimpeded urinary flow established via diversion (i.e. percutaneous nephrostomies or ureteric stents) of the urinary tract
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met.
• Patients who have previously received temsirolimus, another mTOR inhibitor, or any other investigational agent
• Patients who have received any chemotherapy (excluding steroids) and/or RT prior to this enrollment
• Patients with uncontrolled hyperglycemia
• Patients with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for at least 3 months after treatment is completed
• Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities or teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs; Note: A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential prior to study entry
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible

• Age: ≥12 months to <18 years old at the time of informed consent
• Diagnosis: Histologically confirmed rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) (Grade 2 or 3), or Ewing sarcoma (EWS) which is relapsed or refractory (failed front line therapy)
• The presence of measurable disease meeting the following criteria:
• At least 1 lesion of ≥1.0 centimeter (cm) in the longest diameter for a non-lymph node or ≥1.5 cm in the short-axis diameter for a lymph node that is serially measurable according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 using computerized tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI).
• Lesions that have had radiotherapy must show subsequent radiographic evidence of increase in size by at least 20% to be deemed a target lesion.
• Therapeutic options: Participant's current disease state must be one for which there is no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life.
• Performance level: Performance score ≥50%. Karnofsky (for participants >16 years of age) or Lansky (for participants ≤16 years of age). Participants who are unable to walk because of paralysis and/or previous surgeries, but who are in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing performance score.
• Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anticancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anticancer directed therapy prior to study drug administration. If, after the required time frame, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, eg, blood count criteria, the participant is considered to have recovered adequately:
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other chemotherapy known to be myelosuppressive: ≥21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea).
• Anticancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (eg, not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): ≥7 days after the last dose of agent.
• Monoclonal antibodies ≥ 3 half-lives must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody (including checkpoint inhibitors), and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to Grade ≤1.
• Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (eg, Neulasta) or 7 days for a short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events (AEs) occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which AEs are known to occur. The duration of this interval must be discussed with the sponsor.
• Interleukins, interferons, and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): ≥21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferons, or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total body irradiation [TBI]): ≥84 days
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion or boost infusion: ≥84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: ≥42 days
• Cellular therapy: ≥42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (eg, modified T-cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, etc)
• Radiation therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: ≥14 days after local XRT; ≥150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to ≥50% of the pelvis; ≥42 days if other substantial BM radiation
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (eg, radiolabeled antibody, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine): ≥42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy.
• Adequate bone marrow function, defined as:
• ANC ≥1.0 × 10^9/Liter (L)
• Platelet count ≥100 × 10^9/L (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions within a 7-day period prior to study drug administration)
• Hemoglobin at least 8.0 grams per deciliter (g/dL) at Baseline (blood transfusions are allowed during the screening period to correct hemoglobin values less than 8.0 g/dL) Note: As blood transfusions are permitted to meet the hemoglobin criteria, participants requiring transfusion must not be known to be refractory to red blood cell or platelet transfusions.
• Adequate renal function, defined as:
• A serum creatinine based on age/gender, derived from the Schwartz formula for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• Or creatinine clearance or GFR ≥50 milliliters per minute (mL/min)/1.73 meters squared (m^2) based on a 12 or 24 hour urine creatinine collection
• Adequate liver function, defined as:
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) ≤1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤110 units per Liter (U/L). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for ALT is 45 U/L
• Serum albumin ≥2 g/dL
• Informed consent: All participants and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines. Participants must be willing to comply with all aspects of the protocol.
• Pregnancy, breastfeeding, contraception: Females who are breastfeeding or pregnant at Screening or Baseline (as documented by a positive beta-human chorionic [β-hCG] or human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG] test with a minimum sensitivity of 25 International Units per Liter [IU/L] or equivalent units of β-hCG [or hCG]). A separate baseline assessment is required if a negative screening pregnancy test was obtained more than 72 hours before the first dose of study drug.
• Females of childbearing potential (all post pubertal females will be considered to be of childbearing potential unless they have early menopause [amenorrheic for at least 12 consecutive months, in the appropriate age group, and without other known or suspected cause] or have been sterilized surgically [ie, bilateral tubal ligation, total hysterectomy, or bilateral oophorectomy, all with surgery at least 1 month before dosing]) who:
• Do not agree to use a highly effective method of contraception for the entire study period and for 6 months after study drug discontinuation, ie:
• Total abstinence (if it is their preferred and usual lifestyle);
• An intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS);
• A contraceptive implant;
• An oral contraceptive (must be on a stable dose of the same oral hormonal contraceptive product for at least 4 weeks before dosing with study drug and for the duration of the study and for 6 months after study drug discontinuation); or
• Do not have a vasectomized partner with confirmed azoospermia. For sites outside of the European Union (EU), it is permissible that if a highly effective method of contraception is not appropriate or acceptable to the participant, or the participant has commenced/adjusted/changed oral hormonal contraceptive product/dose within 4 weeks prior to study drug administration, then the participant must agree to use a medically acceptable method of contraception, ie, double barrier methods of contraception such as condoms plus diaphragm or cervical/vault cap with spermicide.
• Males who have not had a successful vasectomy (confirmed azoospermia) or if they and their female partners do not meet the criteria above (ie, not of childbearing potential or practicing highly effective contraception throughout the study period or for 3 months after study drug discontinuation). No sperm donation is allowed during the study period or for 3 months after study drug discontinuation.
•Concomitant medications:
• Corticosteroids: Participants receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to study drug administration (except when indicated for Central Nervous System [CNS] metastases, then participants must not have received corticosteroids for at least 28 days)
• Anticancer Agents: participants who are currently receiving other anticancer agents
• Anti-GVHD agents Post-transplant: Participants who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant
• Strong CYP3A4 inducers/inhibitors
• Received prior therapy with eribulin mesylate
• Any other malignancy that required treatment (except for non-melanoma skin cancer, or histologically confirmed complete excision of carcinoma in situ), within 2 years prior to study drug administration
• Has hypersensitivity to eribulin or any of the excipients
• Has a prior history of viral hepatitis (B or C) as demonstrated by positive serology (presence of antigens) or have an uncontrolled infection requiring treatment. Participants with a known prior history of hepatitis B or C may be eligible pending agreement with the sponsor.
• Has > Grade 1 peripheral sensory neuropathy or > Grade 1 peripheral motor neuropathy graded according to the Modified ("Balis") Pediatric Scale of Peripheral Neuropathies
• Has cardiac pathology: Participants with known congestive heart failure, symptomatic or left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction <50% or shortening fraction <27%
• Participants with congenital long QT syndrome, bradyarrhythmias, or QTc >480 msec on at least 2 separate electrocardiograms (ECGs).
• Has CNS Disease: Participants with brain or subdural metastases are not eligible unless the metastases are asymptomatic and do not require treatment or have been adequately treated by local therapy (eg, surgery or radiotherapy) and have discontinued the use of corticosteroids for this indication for at least 4 weeks prior to study drug administration. Confirmation of radiographic stability must be done by comparing the brain scan (CT or MRI) performed during the Screening Period, using the same imaging modality, to a brain scan performed earlier (and following local therapy where applicable). Participants must be clinically stable. It is not the intention of this protocol to treat participants with active brain metastases. Note: CNS imaging is required to confirm eligibility for participants with a known history of CNS disease.
• Have had or are planning to have the following invasive procedures:
• Major surgical procedure or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to study drug administration
• Laparoscopic procedure or open biopsy within 7 days prior to study drug administration
• Central line placement or subcutaneous port placement is not considered major surgery but must be placed at least 2 days prior to study drug administration
• Core biopsy, including bone marrow biopsy, within 2 days prior to study drug administration
• Fine needle aspirate within 3 days prior to study drug administration
• Has any serious concomitant illness that in the opinion of the investigator(s) could affect the participant's safety or interfere with the study assessments
• Participants with known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); due to lack of available safety data for eribulin therapy in HIV-infected participants

Key Inclusion Criteria
• Patients ≥6 months and up to 60 months (1800 days) of age at time of dosing following diagnostic confirmation during screening period by genotype who demonstrate the ability to sit unassisted for 10 or more seconds but cannot stand or walk
• Diagnostic confirmation by genotype includes lab documentation of homozygous absence of SMN1 exon 7; with exactly three copies of SMN2
• Negative gene testing for SMN2 gene modifier mutation (c.859G>C)
• Onset of clinical signs and symptoms consistent with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) at < 12 months of age
• Able to sit independently and not standing or walking independently. Definition of sitting independently is defined by the World Health Organization Multicentre Growth Reference Study (WHO-MGRS) criteria of being able to sit up unsupported with head erect for at least 10 seconds. Child should not use arms or hands to balance body or support position (Wijnhoven 2004)
• Be up-to-date on childhood vaccines that include palivizumab prophylaxis (also known as Synagis) to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are also recommended in accordance with American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP 2009) Key Exclusion Criteria
• Current or historical ability to stand or walk independently
• Contraindications for spinal tap procedure or administration of intrathecal therapy or presence of an implanted shunt for the drainage of CSF or an implanted central venous (CNS) catheter
• Severe contractures as determined by designated Physical Therapist(s) at screening that interfere with either the ability to attain/demonstrate functional measures or interferes with ability to receive intrathecal (IT) dosing
• Severe scoliosis (defined as ≥ 50° curvature of spine) evident on X-ray examination
• Previous, planned or expected scoliosis repair surgery/procedure within 1 year of dose administration
• Use of invasive ventilatory support (tracheotomy with positive pressure) or pulse oximetry < 95% saturation at screening while the patient is awake, or for high altitudes > 1000 m, oxygen saturation < 92% while the patient is awake
• Pulse oximetry saturation must not decrease ≥ four (4) percentage points between screening and highest value on day of dosing
• Use or requirement of non-invasive ventilatory support for 12 or more hours daily over the two (2) weeks prior to dosing
• Medical necessity for a gastric feeding tube, where the majority of feedings are given by non-oral methods (i.e., nasogastric tube or nasojejunal tube) or patients whose weight-for-age falls below the 3rd percentile based on WHO Child Growth Standards (Onis 2006). Placement of a permanent gastrostomy prior to screening is not an exclusion
• Use or requirement of non-invasive ventilatory support for 12 or more hours daily over the two (2) weeks prior to dosing
• Medical necessity for a gastric feeding tube, where the majority of feedings are given by non-oral methods or patients whose weight-for-age falls below the 3rd percentile based on WHO Child Growth Standards (Onis 2006). Placement of a permanent gastrostomy prior to screening is not an exclusion
• Active viral infection (includes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or serology positive for hepatitis B or C, or Zika virus)
• Serious non-respiratory tract illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within two (2) weeks prior to study entry
• Respiratory infection requiring medical attention, medical intervention or increase in supportive care of any manner within four (4) weeks prior to study entry
• Severe non-pulmonary/respiratory tract infection within four (4) weeks before study dosing or concomitant illness that in the opinion of the Principal Investigator (PI) creates unnecessary risks for gene transfer such as:
• Major renal or hepatic impairment
• Known seizure disorder
• Diabetes mellitus
• Idiopathic hypocalciuria
• Symptomatic cardiomyopathy
• History of bacterial meningitis or brain or spinal cord disease, including tumors, or abnormalities by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomography (CT) that would interfere with the lumbar puncture (LP) procedures or CSF circulation
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to prednisolone or other glucocorticosteroids or their excipients
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to iodine or iodine-containing products
• Concomitant use of any of the following: drugs for treatment of myopathy or neuropathy, agents used to treat diabetes mellitus, or ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, immunomodulators such as adalimumab, or immunosuppressive therapy within 3 months of study dosing
• Inability to withhold use of laxatives or diuretics in the 24 hours prior to dose administration
• Anti-AAV9 antibody titers >1:50 as determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) binding immunoassay
• Should a potential patient demonstrate anti AAV9 antibody titer > 1:50, he or she may receive retesting within 30 days of the screening period and will be eligible to participate if the anti AAV9 antibody titer upon retesting is ≤ 1:50
• Clinically significant abnormal laboratory values (GGT, ALT, and AST, or total bilirubin > 2 × ULN, creatinine ≥ 1.0 mg/dL, hemoglobin [Hgb] < 8 or > 18 g/dL; white blood cell [WBC] > 20,000 per cmm) prior to gene replacement therapy. Patients with an elevated bilirubin level that is unequivocally the result of neonatal jaundice shall not be excluded
• Participation in recent SMA treatment clinical trial or receipt of an investigational or approved compound product or therapy received with the intent to treat SMA at any time prior to screening for this study
• Oral beta agonists must be discontinued 30 days prior to dosing.
• Inhaled albuterol specifically prescribed for the purposes of respiratory (bronchodilator) management is acceptable and not a contraindication at any time prior to screening for this study
• Expectation of major surgical procedures during the 1-year study assessment period

Key
• Histologically confirmed diagnosis of a locally advanced (not amenable to curative therapy such as surgical resection) metastatic cancer of the following histologies: melanoma (MEL), Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), or sarcoma.
• Life expectancy > 12 weeks as determined by the Investigator.
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1.
• Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1.
• Patients enrolled in Cohorts 1-10, Cohort A, Cohort B and Phase 2 Doublet must be refractory to all therapies known to confer clinical benefit to their disease.
• Fresh tumor tissue available for cellular characterization and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-L1) status.
• Injected lesions (up to two) must be between 20 mm and 90 mm in diameter for IT injection; lesions must be accessible for baseline and on-treatment biopsies. Any liver lesion targeted for injection must not exceed 50 mm at the time of injection.
• Demonstrated adequate organ function within 14 days of Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1). Key
• Use of an investigational agent or an investigational device within 21 days before administration of first dose of study drug(s).
• Patients treated with prior interleukin-2 (IL-2).
• Patients who have been previously treated with a toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist (excluding topical agents) and patients who have received experimental cancer vaccines.
• Patients who have received systemic interferon (IFN)α within the previous 6 months prior to enrollment to the study.
• Other active malignancy, except non-melanomic skin cancer
• Evidence of clinically significant interstitial lung disease or active, noninfectious pneumonitis.
• Prior surgery or radiotherapy within 14 days of initiating study drug(s). Patients must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not required corticosteroids and have not had radiation pneumonitis.
• Prolonged Fridericia's corrected QT interval (QTcF) > 450 ms for men and > 470 ms for women at Screening. History of unstable or deteriorating cardiac disease within the previous 6 months prior to screening including but not limited to the following:
• Unstable angina or myocardial infarction.
• Congestive heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV).
• Uncontrolled clinically significant arrhythmias.
• Patients with a history of any retinal disorders (e.g., retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, retinal hemorrhage, macular degeneration).
• Uveal melanoma will be excluded
• Patients with tumor that invade the superior vena cava or other major blood vessels. Additional general and tumor specific inclusion and exclusion criteria will apply.

• Female patients must have a bone age of equal to or greater than 12 years of age as determined by local read of appropriate radiographic imaging
• Male patients must have a bone age of equal to or greater than 14 years of age as determined by local read of appropriate radiographic imaging
• Patients must have relapsed or become refractory to conventional therapy, with a regimen including some combination of high dose methotrexate, doxorubicin, cisplatin, ifosfamide and etoposide; and have had histologic verification of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis or at the time of recurrence
• Cohort 1 patients must have measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
• Cohort 2 patients must have had a complete resection of all sites of metastatic disease within 30 days prior to enrollment
• Patients will only be eligible after they have undergone complete surgical resection of suspected metastatic disease that is histopathologically confirmed to be osteosarcoma prior to enrollment
• Note: the definition of complete resections is: gross resection of all disease as per the operating surgeon; post-operative imaging is not required for confirmation of complete resection
• Patients must undergo resection of any lung lesion meeting criteria for likely metastatic disease, defined as:
• 3 or more lesions > 5 mm in diameter OR a single lesion > 1 cm
• Patients with lung as the only site of resected metastatic disease must have refused participation in protocol AOST1421
• Note: This applies if AOST1421 is open to enrollment at the enrolling institution on the day the patient consents
• Patient must have adequate tumor specimen available for submission
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• Age: 11 to < 13 years old; 1.2 (male, female) maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
• Age: 13 to < 16 years old; 1.5 (male), 1.4 (female) maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
• Age: >= 16 years old; 1.7 (male), 1.4 (female) maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 2.5 x ULN for age
• Serum calcium or albumin-adjusted serum calcium >= 2.0 mmol/L (8.0 mg/dL) and =< 2.9 mmol/L (11.5 mg/dL)
• Patients with known sensitivity to any of the products to be administered during the study (eg, mammalian derived products, calcium or vitamin D)
• Patients who are receiving other cancer directed therapy at the time of enrollment
• Patients who have previously received denosumab
• Patients who have previously received mithramycin, strontium-89, samarium-153 or rhenium
• Patients receiving bisphosphonates
• Pre-existing conditions
• Disorders associated with abnormal bone metabolism
• Hypocalcemia that is not corrected with oral calcium supplementation
• Vitamin D < 20 mg/mL
• Paget's disease
• Prior history or current evidence of osteonecrosis of the jaw
• Any dental or oral condition likely to result in disruption of mucosal integrity during denosumab therapy including: active dental or jaw condition requiring oral surgery or tooth extraction; non-healed dental or oral surgery or planned invasive dental procedures during the anticipated course of study therapy
• Unstable systemic disease, excluding osteosarcoma, such as unstable proximal renal tubule dysfunction (Fanconi syndrome) or congestive heart failure
• Pregnancy and breast feeding
• Female patients who are pregnant; a pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants while on study therapy and through 5 months after completion of study therapy
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 5 months after the end of study treatment
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met

• 18-80 years old
• Severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min)
• Undergoing non-emergent surgery that requires neuromuscular blockade
• Planned extubation in the operating room immediately after surgery
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification 3 to 4
• Willing and able to consent in English or Spanish
• No personal history of neuromuscular disease
• Age less than 18 or older than 80
• Patient does not speak English or Spanish
• Planned postoperative intubation/ventilation
• Allergy to sugammadex, neostigmine, glycopyrrolate, cisatracurium, or rocuronium
• Family or personal history of malignant hyperthermia
• Patient refusal
• Pregnant or nursing women
• "Stat" (emergent) cases
• Pre-existing muscle weakness of any etiology
• Patients on toremifene (a selective estrogen receptor modulator)
• Women on oral contraceptives who do not wish to use a non-hormonal method of contraception for 7 days following surgery

1. At least 18 years of age and up to 55 years (inclusive) of age at Baseline. 2. Clinical diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) who have had Relapsing MS (RMS) no longer than 15 years from diagnosis. 3. Stable treatment with natalizumab for at least the prior six (6) months. 4. Stable disease activity over the prior six (6) months. 5. All hematological parameters and biochemical parameters deemed stable or transient in nature. 6. Able to understand and give written informed consent. 1. Patients with a clinical relapse requiring systemic steroid treatment within the prior six (6) months. 2. Patients treated with any other MS therapy other than natalizumab; or treated with clemastine fumarate. 3. Patients with a history of significant other major medical condition that may interfere with the conduct of the study or interpretation of the study results. 4. Patients who may have difficulty complying with the protocol and/or study procedures. 5. Patient with clinically significant abnormalities in hematology, blood chemistry, ECG, or physical examination not resolved by the Baseline visit which according to Investigator can interfere with study participation. 6. Patients with clinically significant hepatic or renal dysfunction or clinical laboratory findings that would limit the interpretability of change in liver or kidney function, or those with low platelet counts (< 150 x 109 per liter) or eosinophilia (absolute eosinophil count of ≥500 eosinophils per microliter). 7. Patients with a prior history of, or positive serological assay for the presence of HIV infection, or laboratory evidence of active or chronic infection with hepatitis C (HCV) or hepatitis B (HBV). 8. Patients participating in any other investigational drug trial or using an investigational drug (within 12 weeks prior to screening and thereafter) 9. Positive screen for drugs of abuse or known alcohol abuse. 10. Females who are pregnant, have a positive pregnancy test, are nursing, or who plan to get pregnant during the course of this clinical trial or within 6 months of the end of this trial. 11. Women of child-bearing potential, or men, who are unwilling or unable to use accepted methods of birth control during the study and for 6 months following completion of study participation. 12. Patients with implanted metal objects in their body that may be affected by an MRI procedure. 13. Patients who are claustrophobic or otherwise unlikely to be able to complete the MRI scanning procedures. 14. Patients with a history of gold allergy. 15. Patient is considered a suicide risk in the opinion of the Investigator, has previously made a suicide attempt, or is currently demonstrating active suicidal ideation. 16. Any active ophthalmological cause for retinal damage other than MS or based on the Investigator's judgment any other ophthalmic diseases that would confound the study results or optical coherence tomography assessment. 17. PRN use of stimulant medications including: amphetamine, dextroamphetamine, lisdexamfetamine, methylphenidate, or modafinil.

• Age -- Age ≤ 30 years at time of initial qualifying solid tumor diagnosis
• Diagnosis -- Histologic diagnosis of solid malignancy (excluding brain tumors and lymphoma) that meets at least one of the following criteria:
• Refractory, defined as tumor progression after initiation of standard first line therapy without having achieved a prior partial or complete remission OR Biopsy proven residual disease at the completion of planned standard initial front-line therapy.
• Recurrent, defined as tumor progression after achieving a prior partial or complete remission
• Newly diagnosed high risk disease, defined as having an expected event free survival of < 50% at 2 years.
• Lacks definitive diagnosis or classical genomic findings after histologic review and standard molecular testing (rare tumor group).
• Examples include (eligibility not limited to these examples):
• Histology typically associated with a fusion in which fusion is not detected.
• Ewing-like sarcoma
• Undifferentiated sarcoma
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor without ALK fusion
• Infantile fibrosarcoma without NTRK fusion
• Specimen Samples
• Sufficient tumor specimen available to meet the minimum requirements for profiling from diagnosis or progression / recurrence --- OR
• Surgery / biopsy planned as part of clinical care that is anticipated to yield sufficient material to meet the minimum requirements for profiling; OR
• Patient has already had molecular profiling and patient has not yet started matched targeted therapy based on the report .
• No Therapy Planned -- Patients who have declined further anticancer therapy will be excluded.
• Performance Status -- Patients with Lansky (age < 16 years) or Karnofsky (age ≥16 years) score < 50 will be excluded.
• Life Expectancy -- Patients with anticipated life expectancy < 3 months will be excluded.

Key
• Signed informed consent of parent or guardian and signed informed assent of participant, if indicated per participant's age and institutional guidelines.
• Completion of the index study in accordance with the study protocol or as a result of Sponsor decision (e.g., early termination of the index study) within the preceding 16 weeks Key
• Have any condition or worsening condition which in the opinion of the Investigator would make the participant unsuitable for enrollment, or could interfere with the participant participating in or completing the study
• Clinically significant abnormalities in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters or electrocardiogram (ECG), as assessed by the Site Investigator, at the Screening visit that would render the participant unsuitable for participation in the study
• Participant's parent or legal guardian is not willing or able to meet standard of care guidelines (including vaccinations and respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis if available), nor provide nutritional and respiratory support throughout the study
• Treatment with another investigational agent, biological agent, or device within one month of Screening, or 5 half-lives of study agent, whichever is longer NOTE: Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply.

• STEP I REGISTRATION CRITERIA
• Histologically documented renal cell carcinoma with clear cell component, including patients who have sarcomatoid features.
• Any metastatic disease, including visceral, lymph node, other soft tissue and bone, measurable per RECIST 1.1.
• Measurable disease as defined in the protocol.
• Must be intermediate or poor risk patient per International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database (IMDC) criteria (1 or more of the following: Karnofsky performance status [KPS] < 80, < 1 year from diagnosis [including initial nephrectomy] to systemic treatment for metastatic disease, hemoglobin less than lower limit of normal [LLN], corrected calcium concentration greater than upper limit of normal [ULN], absolute neutrophil count greater than ULN, platelet count > ULN).
• Central nervous system (CNS) disease permitted, if stable and not otherwise causing symptoms or needing active treatment.
• Karnofsky performance status >= 70%.
• No prior treatment with PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4 targeting agents (including but not limited to nivolumab, pembrolizumab, pidilizumab, durvalumab, atezolizumab, tremelimumab, and ipilimumab), or any other drug or antibody specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways. The only exception is for prior treatment with nivolumab or other PD-1/PD-L1/CTLA-4 targeting therapy on pre- or post-operative trials, as long as > 1 year since completion of systemic therapy.
• No prior previous systemic therapy for renal cell carcinoma (prior HD IL-2 [> 28 days] and prior adjuvant sunitinib > 180 days since completion and prior immunotherapy as above are allowed).
• No cancer therapy less than 28 days prior to registration; this includes radiation therapy, except for bone lesions less than 14 days prior to registration. There must be a complete recovery and no ongoing complications from radiotherapy.
• Not pregnant and not nursing, because this study involves an agent that has known genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects. Therefore, for women of childbearing potential only, a negative serum or urine pregnancy test done =< 14 days prior to registration is required.
• Age >= 18 years
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,500/mm^3.
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3.
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL.
• Calculated (Calc.) creatinine clearance >= 30 mL/min.
• Urine protein =< 1+ or urine protein to creatinine (UPC) ratio < 1.
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN).
• Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) =< 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or < 5 x ULN if hepatic metastases present.
• STEP 2 REGISTRATION ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
• Successful completion of at least 1 cycle of ipilimumab/nivolumab.
• Resolution of any treatment-related adverse events to grade 1 or less per dose modification section (this criteria does not include any adverse events [AEs] not attributable to treatment which are present due to disease). Exceptions for this criteria include patients receiving replacement hormone treatments (such as levothyroxine for treatment-related hypothyroidism or glucocorticoid replacement for adrenal insufficiency). Please contact study chair if further discussion is needed.
• No more than 70 days from last dose of ipilimumab/nivolumab.
• Active autoimmune disease requiring ongoing therapy.
• Ongoing acute toxicity > grade 2 from previous treatment.
• History of severe allergic, anaphylactic or other hypersensitivity reactions to chimeric or humanized antibodies.
• History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or active hepatitis B/C, or active tuberculosis (purified protein derivative [PPD] response without active TB is allowed).
• Concurrent use of immunosuppressive medication including prednisone above 10 mg daily.
• Uncontrolled adrenal insufficiency.
• Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure [BP] >150 mmHg or diastolic BP > 90 mmHg).
• Major surgery less than 28 days prior to registration.
• Any serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture within 28 days prior to registration.
• Any arterial thrombotic events within 180 days prior to registration.
• Clinically significant hematuria, hematemesis, or hemoptysis within 12 weeks prior to registration.
• Cavitating pulmonary lesions or known endotracheal or endobronchial disease manifestations.
• Lesions encasing or invading any major blood vessels (this does not include tumor thrombus extending into/through renal vein/inferior vena cava [IVC]). Patients with tumor thrombus extending into/through renal vein are considered eligible.
• Moderate of severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh B or C).
• Any history of untreated pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the 180 days prior to registration. (Any asymptomatic, treated pulmonary embolism or asymptomatic, treated deep venous thrombosis > 30 days prior to registration allowed).
• Corrected QT interval calculated by the Fridericia formula (QTcF) > 500 ms.
• Unstable cardiac arrhythmia within 6 months prior to registration.
• Any gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding =< 180 days, hemoptysis, or other signs of pulmonary hemorrhage =< 90 days prior to registration.
• History of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, intra-abdominal abscess, bowel obstruction, or gastric outlet obstruction within 180 days prior to registration.
• Active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or malabsorption syndrome within 28 days prior to registration.
• Untreated hypothyroidism, evidence of pancreatitis, history of organ transplant, or history of congenital QT syndrome.
• Active treatment with coumarin agents (e.g., warfarin), direct thrombin inhibitors (e.g., dabigatran), direct Xa inhibitor betrixaban or platelet inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel) within 5 days of registration. Allowed anticoagulants include: prophylactic use of low-dose aspirin for cardio-protection (per local applicable guidelines) and low-dose low molecular weight heparins (LMWH), therapeutic doses of LMWH or anticoagulation with direct factor Xa inhibitors rivaroxaban, edoxaban, apixaban. Allowed also in patients with known brain metastases who are on a stable dose of the anticoagulant for at least 1 week prior to registration without clinically significant hemorrhagic complications from the anticoagulation regimen or the tumor.
• Significant cardiac ischemia events (ST elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]) within 6 months or active NY Heart Association class 3-4 heart failure symptoms

• Patients are eligible under ONE of the following criteria:
• For all cohorts except the gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) (Cohort #47), patients must have histologically and/or biochemically confirmed rare cancer and must be able to submit specimens; to be eligible for the GTD cohort: patients must have disease confirmed by quantitative serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) within 28 days prior to registration and must be able to submit blood specimens (tissue submission is not required for patients who will be registered to the GTD cohort [Cohort #47]); NOTE: Subsequent to site's Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval of revision 3, patients are NOT required to participate in EAY131 "National Cancer Institute (NCI)-Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice (MATCH)" to register to S1609 OR
• FOR PATIENTS WITH PD-L1 AMPLIFICATION (COHORT #50) ONLY: All solid tumors (excluding lymphoma) are allowed for the PD-L1 amplified cohort if they have PD-L1 amplification; patients may be considered for registration to the PD-L1 amplified cohort (Cohort #50) with the confirmation of at least one of the study chairs; PD-L1 amplification is defined as having deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) copy number of equal to or greater than six by any of the following Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA)-approved lab; (Immunohisochemistry [IHC] and fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] are not allowed); the assay must be done at or after the diagnosis of advanced disease, but PRIOR TO REGISTRATION; NOTE: patients with PD-L1 overexpression by IHC or PD-L1 amplification by FISH do not quality for this cohort; OR
• FOR PATIENTS ENROLLED IN EAY131 "NCI-MATCH" PRIOR TO EAY131 ADDENDUM 10 ONLY: Patients must have histologically confirmed rare cancer that did not have a match to a molecularly-guided therapy on EAY131 "NCI-MATCH" protocol or who are off protocol treatment on EAY131, "NCI-MATCH" and have no further molecularly-matched treatment recommendations per EAY131, "NCI-MATCH" or who are otherwise unable to receive EAY131, "NCI-MATCH" therapy
• Patients who do not qualify for one of the histologic cohorts and are not on the ineligible histology list may be considered for registration in the "Not Otherwise Categorized" Rare Tumors cohort with confirmation of at least one of the study chairs via email
• NOTE: The "Not Otherwise Categorized" Rare Tumors cohort was permanently closed to accrual on 3/15/2019
• Patients who are determined to have a rare cancer with unknown primary site are eligible under cohort #32 (tumor of unknown primary [cancer of unknown primary; CuP]), provided that there is histologic documentation of metastatic malignancy with no discernible primary site identified from histopathologic review, physical exam and associated cross-sectional imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis
• NOTE: The "Tumor of unknown primary (Cancer of Unknown Primary; CuP" cohort was permanently closed to accrual on 12/22/2017
• Patients must also meet one of the following:
• Patients must have progressed following at least one line of standard systemic therapy and there must not be other approved/standard therapy available that has been shown to prolong overall survival (i.e. in a randomized trial against another standard treatment or by comparison to historical controls); patients who cannot receive other standard therapy that has been shown to prolonged survival due to medical issues will be eligible, if other eligibility criteria are met; OR
• Patients for whose disease no standard treatment exists that has been shown to prolong overall survival
• For all cohorts except the GTD cohort (Cohort #47): Patients must have a diagnostic quality computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed within 28 days prior to registration, which demonstrates measurable disease, as defined in RECIST v. 1.1; scans must include imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis, with the exception of patients with head/neck cancer, who must have imaging of the chest, abdomen, pelvis and neck; if there is clinical suspicion for bone metastases at the time of enrollment (in the judgement of the treating investigator) bone scan should be performed; bone scans done within 42 days prior to registration may be used to establish baseline condition at registration
• No other prior malignancy is allowed except for the following:
• Adequately managed stage I or II cancer from which the patient is currently in complete remission
• Any other cancer from which the patient has been disease free for one year
• Adequately managed stage I or II follicular thyroid or prostate cancer is also eligible, wherein patient is not required to be in complete remission
• Note: Second primary tumors are not allowed concurrent with any of the eligible rare cancers
• For all cohorts except the PD-L1 amplified tumors cohort (Cohort # 50): Patients may have received either prior anti-CTLA4 or other prior anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy, but not both, provided that it is completed >= 4 weeks prior to registration. To be eligible for the PD-L1 amplified tumors cohort (Cohort #50): Patients must not have received anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy; prior anti-CTLA-4 is allowed provided that it is completed >= 4 weeks prior to registration
• Patients with clinically controlled thyroiditis or pituitary disorders on stable replacement therapy are eligible
• Patients with autoimmune disease who are otherwise eligible must not have received steroid and immunosuppressive therapy within 28 days prior to registration
• Patients with brain metastases or primary brain tumors must have completed treatment, surgery or radiation therapy >= 28 days prior to registration and have stable disease at time of registration; these patients must also have a CT or MRI of the brain to evaluate for CNS disease within 42 days prior to registration to S1609; metastatic brain parenchymal disease must have been treated and patient must be off steroids for 7 days prior to registration
• Hormonal or endocrine blockade is permitted as long as patient has demonstrated progression on prior therapy (e.g. gonadotrophin releasing hormone [GnRH], somatostatin); long-acting somatostatin analogs (including octreotide) and androgen deprivation treatment (including long-acting leuprolide) are permitted while on protocol therapy
• Patients must have a Zubrod performance status of 0-2
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mcL (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Platelets >= 75,000/mcL (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Total bilirubin =< 2.0 x institutional upper limit of normal (IULN) or for documented/suspected Gilbert's disease, total bilirubin =< 3.0 x IULN (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) both =< 3 x IULN (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Serum creatinine =< 2.0 x IULN (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Creatinine clearance (CrCl) >= 50 mL/min., as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault formula; estimated creatinine clearance is based on actual body weight (within 28 days prior to registration)
• Patients must have adequate thyroid function, as evidenced by either thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or, free thyroxine (T4) serum tests demonstrating values within the normal range, within 28 days prior to registration; at pre-registration, if TSH is not within normal limits, then free T4 must be performed and must be within normal range for patient to be eligible; Note: TSH, with reflex T4 (if TSH is abnormal) is allowable if per institutional standard, provided that free T4 is within normal range; patients who have undergone thyroidectomy or who are on thyroid suppression for their cancer are not required to have normal TSH and free T4
• Patients must have adequate adrenal axis function, as evidenced by cortisol levels within institutional normal ranges (ante meridiem [AM] cortisol preferred), OR adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) values within the institutional normal ranges within 28 days prior to registration; if cortisol levels are not within normal limits prior to registration, then ACTH must be performed and must be within normal ranges for patient to be eligible; Note: Neither cortisol nor ACTH levels are required for patients with primary adrenal tumors (e.g. adrenocortical carcinoma)
• For women of childbearing potential, the local investigator must rule out pregnancy; Except for Cohorts 13 and 47, where tumor types may express beta-hCG, women of childbearing potential must have a serum or urine pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration; for Cohorts 13 and 47, where tumor types may produce hCG (e.g. germ cell tumors or trophoblastic disease), other pregnancy exclusion methods should be used to rule out pregnancy, such as ultrasound examination, documented history of effective contraception, or documented infertility; all females of childbearing potential must have been demonstrated not to be pregnant within 7 days prior to registration and agree to use birth control throughout study and for 23 weeks after completion of protocol therapy; patients must not be pregnant or nursing due to risk of fetal or nursing infant harm; women of childbearing potential must have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method; a woman is considered to be of "childbearing potential" if she has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months; in addition to routine contraceptive methods, "effective contraception" also includes heterosexual celibacy and surgery intended to prevent pregnancy (or with a side-effect of pregnancy prevention) defined as a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy or bilateral tubal ligation; however, if at any point a previously celibate patient chooses to become heterosexually active during the time period for use of contraceptive measures outlined in the protocol, she is responsible for beginning contraceptive measures
• Men of reproductive potential must have agreed to use birth control throughout the study and for 31 weeks after completion of protocol therapy; in addition to routine contraceptive methods, "effective contraception" also includes heterosexual celibacy and surgery intended to prevent pregnancy (vasectomy); however, if at any point a previously celibate patient chooses to become heterosexually active during the time period for use of contraceptive measures outlined in the protocol, he is responsible for beginning contraceptive measures
• Patients who are known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive at registration are eligible at the time of registration:
• CD4+ cell count greater or equal to 250 cells/mm^3
• No history of non-malignancy acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining conditions other than historical low CD4+ cell counts
• Patients must have amylase or lipase within =< 1.5 x IULN without symptoms of pancreatitis at registration, within 28 days prior to registration
• Patients must have fully recovered from any adverse effects of major surgery (to =< grade 1) at least 14 days prior to registration
• Patients who had prior grade 3 or higher immune-related adverse event (e.g. pneumonitis, hepatitis, colitis, endocrinopathy) with prior immunotherapy (e.g. cancer vaccine, cytokine, etc.) are not eligible
• Patients are not eligible if they have had or are planned for solid organ transplant
• Patients must not currently be receiving any other investigational agents or any other systemic anti-cancer therapy (including radiation, excluding RANKL inhibitors and bisphosphonates); in event patient recently received any other systemic anti-cancer therapy, patient must be off therapy at least 7 days prior to registration and any therapy-induced toxicity must have recovered to =< grade 1, except alopecia and =< grade 2 neuropathy which are allowed; any planned radiation therapy must be completed before registration to S1609
• Patients must not have prior history of allergy or known hypersensitivity to nivolumab or ipilimumab
• Patients must not have known active hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis virus (HCV) infection at time of registration; patients with HBV or HCV that have an undetectable viral load and no residual hepatic impairment are eligible
• Patients must not have active autoimmune disease that has required systemic treatment in past 2 years (i.e., with use of disease modifying agents, immunosuppressive drugs, or corticosteroids with prednisone dose >= 10 mg); replacement therapy (e.g., thyroxine, insulin, or physiologic corticosteroid replacement therapy for adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, etc.) is not considered a form of systemic treatment; autoimmune diseases include but are not limited to autoimmune hepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease (including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease), as well as symptomatic disease (e.g.: rheumatoid arthritis, systemic progressive sclerosis [scleroderma], systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune vasculitis [e.g., Wegener's granulomatosis]); central nervous system (CNS) or motor neuropathy considered of autoimmune origin (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome and Myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis or glomerulonephritis); vitiligo, alopecia, hypothyroidism on stable doses of thyroid replacement therapy, psoriasis not requiring systemic therapy within the past 2 years is permitted; short-term steroid premedication for contrast allergy is permitted
• Patients must not have any uncontrolled intercurrent illness including (not limited to): symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) (New York Heart Association [NYHA] III/IV), unstable angina pectoris or coronary angioplasty, or stenting within 24 weeks prior to registration, unstable cardiac arrhythmia (ongoing cardiac dysrhythmias of NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v] 4 grade >= 2), known psychiatric illness that would limit study compliance, intra-cardiac defibrillators, known cardiac metastases, or abnormal cardiac valve morphology (>= grade 3)
• Note: Patients with history of CHF or patients who are deemed at risk because of underlying cardiovascular disease or exposure to cardiotoxic drugs should have an electrocardiogram (EKG) and echocardiogram (ECHO), as clinically indicated, at baseline and at the start of each cycle; patients who have evidence at baseline (or subsequently) of CHF, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyopathy, or myositis cardiac evaluation (NYHA I/II) should have additional consult by a cardiologist, including review of EKG, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), troponin, echocardiogram, as clinically indicated
• Patients must not have symptomatic interstitial lung disease or pneumonitis

• Patients with histologic diagnosis (by institutional pathologist) of newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma or peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) arising from bone or soft tissue and with metastatic disease involving lung, bone, bone marrow, or other metastatic site
• For the purpose of this study metastatic disease is defined as one or more of the following:
• Lesions which are discontinuous from the primary tumor, are not regional lymph nodes, and do not share a bone or body cavity with the primary tumor; skip lesions in the same bone as the primary tumor do not constitute metastatic disease; skip lesions in an adjacent bone are considered bone metastases; if there is any doubt whether lesions are metastatic, a biopsy of those lesions should be performed
• Contralateral pleural effusion and/or contralateral pleural nodules
• Distant lymph node involvement
• Patients with pulmonary nodules are considered to have metastatic disease if the patient has:
• Solitary nodule >= 0.5 cm or multiple nodules of >= 0.3 cm unless lesion is biopsied and negative for tumor
• Patients with solitary nodule < 0.5 cm or multiple nodules < 0.3 cm are not considered to have lung metastasis unless biopsy documents tumor
• Bone marrow metastatic disease is based on morphologic evidence of Ewing sarcoma based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains; in the absence of morphologic evidence of marrow involvement on H&E, patients with bone marrow involvement detected ONLY by flow cytometry, reverse-transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or immunohistochemistry will NOT be considered to have clinical bone marrow involvement for the purposes of this study
• This study requires bilateral bone marrow biopsies at study entry; the suggested approach for patients with large pelvic tumors in which a posterior iliac crest bone marrow biopsy would track through the tumor is to instead undergo 2 marrow biopsies on the contralateral side (either 2 posterior biopsies or one posterior and one anterior biopsy)
• Bone metastasis: This study utilizes whole body FDG-PET scans to screen patients for bone metastases; areas suspicious for bone metastasis based on FDG-PET scans require confirmatory anatomic imaging with either MRI or computed tomography (CT) (whole body FDG-PET/CT or FDG-PET/magnetic resonance [MR] scan acceptable); whole body technetium bone scans may be performed at the discretion of the investigator and are not required; for patients without other sites of metastatic disease whose sole metastatic site to qualify for study entry is a single area suspicious for bone metastasis identified by FDG-PET, confirmatory biopsy or anatomic imaging evidence of an associated soft tissue mass at that site is required for study entry
• Patients must have adequate tumor tissue to meet the minimum requirement for submission
• Enrolling institutions are reminded that submission of pre-treatment serum, tumor tissue and whole blood is required
• Patients should only have had a biopsy of the primary tumor without an attempt at complete or partial resection; patients will still be eligible if excision was attempted or accomplished as long as adequate anatomic imaging (MRI for most primary tumor sites) was obtained prior to surgery
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment):
• Age < 6 months: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 0.4 for males and females
• Age 6 months to < 1 year: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 0.5 for males and females
• Age 1 to < 2 years: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 0.6 for males and females
• Age 2 to < 6 years: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 0.8 for males and females
• Age 6 to < 10 years: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1 for males and females
• Age 10 to < 13 years: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1.2 for males and females
• Age 13 to < 16 years: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1.5 for males and 1.4 for females
• Age >= 16 years: Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1.7 for males and 1.4 for females
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment), and
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) < 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age (performed within 7 days prior to enrollment) (except for patients with liver metastasis who may enroll if ALT < 5 times ULN for age)
• Shortening fraction of >= 27% or
• Ejection fraction of >= 50%
• Patients must have a normal blood sugar level for age to participate; if an initial random draw (ie. non-fasting) blood glucose value is out of range, it is acceptable to repeat this test as a fasting draw
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met
• Patients with regional node involvement as their only site of disease beyond the primary tumor will not be eligible
• Patients whose primary tumors arise in the intra-dural soft tissue (e.g. brain and spinal cord) are not eligible
• Patients who have received prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy are not eligible
• Female patients of childbearing potential are not eligible unless a negative pregnancy test result has been obtained; lactating females are not eligible unless they have agreed not to breastfeed their infants for the duration of protocol therapy; sexually active patients of reproductive potential are not eligible unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of protocol therapy
• Patients with known pre-existing diabetes mellitus will be excluded from study
• Patients receiving chronic pharmacologic doses of corticosteroids are not eligible; for the purposes of eligibility, chronic exposure is defined as anticipated exposure of > 3 weeks, including the sum of both pre-enrollment and anticipated post-enrollment dosing; patients on acute corticosteroid therapy (=< 3 weeks of total planned exposure) must still meet the normal blood glucose requirement; patients receiving chronic inhaled corticosteroids or chronic physiologic replacement doses of corticosteroids are eligible

• Diagnosis of advanced solid tumor cancer, lymphoma, or myeloma (no time restrictions or limitations) -OR- diagnosis of early stage solid tumor cancer, lymphoma, or myeloma <= 12 months prior to study enrollment
• Diagnosis of VTE <= 30 days prior to study enrollment for which potential benefits of anticoagulation therapy to prevent recurrence of VTE are felt by the treating physician to exceed the potential harms
• Any anticoagulation drug/strategy may be used to treat the index VTE; protocol treatment will begin <= 30days after the index VTE diagnosis date
• Treating physician intends to put participant on anticoagulation therapy for at least three months.
• Age >= 18 years
• Platelet count is >= 50,000/mm^3 (<= 7 days prior to enrollment)
• CrCl (Creatinine Clearance) is >= 15 ml/min (<= 7 days prior to enrollment)
• Diagnosis of acute leukemia
• Has ever received or is scheduled to receive an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (alloHSCT)
• Patients who have ever received an Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (autoHSCT) ARE eligible.
• Patients who are scheduled to receive an Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (autoHSCT) are NOT eligible
• Ongoing, clinically significant bleeding (CTCAE grade 3 or 4)
• Ongoing therapy with a P-gp inhibitor (e.g., nelfinavir, indinavir, or saquinavir-protease inhibitors for HIV) as these drugs interact with the factor Xa inhibitors
• Therapy with any azole antifungals (e.g., itraconazole, ketaconazole, voriconazole) at the time of enrollment

• Age ≤6 weeks (≤42 days) at time of dose
• Ability to tolerate thin liquids as demonstrated through a formal bedside swallowing test
• Compound muscle action potential (CMAP) ≥2mV at Baseline; centralized review of CMAP data will be conducted
• Gestational age of 35 to 42 weeks • Patients with pre-symptomatic SMA Type 1 as determined by the following features:
• 2 copies of SMN2 Patients with 2 copies of SMN2 (n ≥12) • Patients with pre-symptomatic SMA Type 2 as determined by the following features:
• 3 copies of SMN2
• Weight at screening visit <2 kg
• Hypoxemia (oxygen saturation <96% awake or asleep without any supplemental oxygen or respiratory support) at the screening visit or for altitudes >1000 m, oxygen saturation <92% awake or asleep without any supplemental oxygen or respiratory support at the screening visit
• Any clinical signs or symptoms at screening or immediately prior to dosing that are, in the opinion of the Investigator, strongly suggestive of SMA
• Tracheostomy or current prophylactic use or requirement of noninvasive ventilatory support at any time and for any duration prior to screening or during the screening period
• Patients with signs of aspiration/inability to tolerate nonthickened liquids based on a formal swallowing test performed as part of screening or patients receiving any non-oral feeding method
• Clinically significant abnormalities in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters as determined by investigator or medical monitor
• Treatment with an investigational or commercial product, including nusinersen, given for the treatment of SMA. This includes any history of gene therapy, prior antisense oligonucleotide treatment, or cell transplantation.
• Patients whose weight-for-age is below the third percentile based on World Health Organization (WHO) Child Growth Standards
• Biological mother with active viral infection as determined by screening laboratory samples (includes human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] or positive serology for hepatitis B or C) • Biological mothers with clinical suspicion of Zika virus that meet Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Zika virus epidemiological criteria including history of residence in or travel to a geographic region with active Zika transmission at the time of travel will be tested for Zika virus RNA. Positive results warrant confirmed negative Zika virus RNA testing in the patient prior to enrollment.
• Serious nonrespiratory tract illness requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within 2 Weeks prior to screening
• Upper or lower respiratory infection requiring medical attention, medical intervention, or increase in supportive care of any manner within 4 Weeks prior to dosing
• Severe nonpulmonary/respiratory tract infection within 4 Weeks before administration of gene replacement therapy or concomitant illness that, in the opinion of the Investigator or Sponsor medical monitor, creates unnecessary risks for gene replacement therapy such as:
• Major renal or hepatic impairment
• Known seizure disorder
• Diabetes mellitus
• Idiopathic hypocalciuria
• Symptomatic cardiomyopathy
• Known allergy or hypersensitivity to prednisolone or other glucocorticosteroids or their excipients
• Previous, planned or expected major surgical procedure including scoliosis repair surgery/procedure during the study assessment period
• Concomitant use of any of the following: drugs for treatment of myopathy or neuropathy, agents used to treat diabetes mellitus, or ongoing immunosuppressive therapy, plasmapheresis, immunomodulators such as adalimumab, immunosuppressive therapy within 4 Weeks prior to gene replacement therapy
• AntiAAV9 antibody titer >1:50 as determined by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) binding immunoassay • Should a potential patient demonstrate AntiAAV9 antibody titer >1:50, he or she may receive retesting inside the 30-Day screening period and will be eligible to participate if the AntiAAV9 antibody titer upon retesting is ≤1:50, provided the <6 Week age requirement at the time of dosing is still met
• Biological mother involved with the care of the child refuses anti-AAV9 antibody testing prior to dosing

• Male and females between the ages 14 and 58 years at the time of consent
• Closed physeal plates at the time of consent
• Intermetatarsal angle is between 10.0 ̊
•22.0 ̊
• Hallux valgus angle is between 16.0 ̊
•40.0 ̊
• Willing and able to adhere to early weight-bearing instructions post-operatively
• Capable of completing self
•administered questionnaires
• Acceptable surgical candidate, including use of general anesthesia
• Female patients must be of non-child bearing potential or have a negative pregnancy test within 7 days prior to index procedure
• Willing and able to schedule index procedure within 3 months of consent and able to return for scheduled follow-up visits
• Willing and able to provide written informed consent
• Previous surgery for hallux valgus on operative side
• Previous surgeries on operative foot involving fusion of foot or ankle joints (other than hammertoe or lesser toes/digits)
• Additional arthrodesis outside the first tarsometatarsal joint (other than: arthrodesis between the medial cuneiform and intermediate cuneiform and/or base of 2nd metatarsal; arthrodesis of hammertoe proximal interphalangeal joint or lesser toes/digits)
• Moderate or Severe osteoarthritis of the MTP joint based on radiographic imaging (including lack of evident crista) or positive grind test
• Symptomatic flatfoot or asymptomatic flatfoot (defined as calcaneal inclination <5 ̊and talonavicular subluxation/uncovering >50%)
• BMI >40 kg/m²
• Current nicotine user, including current use of nicotine patch
• Current clinical diagnosis of diabetes with fasting plasma glucose > 126 mg/dL and/or HbA 1c ≥7.0
• Current clinical diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy or by assessment on 4
•point monofilament test
• Current clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia
• Current clinical diagnosis of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome/Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (CRPS/RSD)
• Current uncontrolled hypothyroidism
• Previously sensitized to titanium
• Currently taking oral steroids or rheumatoid biologics
• Currently taking immunosuppressant drugs
• Insufficient quantity or quality of bone to permit stabilization, conditions that retard healing (not including pathological fractures) and conditions causing poor blood supply such as peripheral vascular disease
• Active, suspected or latent infection in the affected area
• Use of synthetic or allogenic bone graft substitutes
• Current diagnosis of metatarsus adductus (defined as MAA ≥ 23 ̊)
• Scheduled to undergo a same
•bilateral procedure. Patient agrees to refrain from the Lapiplasty® Procedure (or other hallux valgus procedures) on contralateral foot for minimum of 6 months post index procedure
• Patient has previously been enrolled into this study for a contralateral procedure
• Scheduled for any concomitant procedure that would alter patient's ability to early weight-bear post-procedure
• Patient is actively involved with a workman's compensation case or is currently involved in litigation
• Patient is currently or has participated in a clinical study in the last 30 days prior to signing
• Patient has a condition or finding that, in the opinion of the Investigator, may jeopardize the patient's well-being, the soundness of this clinical study, or could interfere with provision of informed consent, completion of tests, therapy, or follow-up

• PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
• Patients with pathologically proven diagnosis of grade 2-3 (intermediate or high grade) soft tissue sarcoma with size >= 5 cm are eligible to enroll if the intention to treat is curative. They must have sufficient tissue to submit to central laboratory for review as well as for NGS sequencing (see submission requirement). Biopsy should be obtained within 180 days prior to registration. Availability of tumor tissue is mandatory for study eligibility. The patient must have consented to provide archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor tissue for future central pathology review, NGS sequencing and/or translational research
• Appropriate stage for study entry based on the following diagnostic workup:
• History/physical examination within 30 days prior to registration;
• Imaging of the primary tumor by MRI and/or computed tomography (CT) with or without contrast and/or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT within 30 days prior to registration;
• Staging workup evaluated by chest CT and/or PET/CT showing no distant metastasis within 30 days prior to registration
• There is a planned definitive surgical resection of the primary tumor
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) or Zubrod performance status of 0-1 within 30 days prior to registration
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1500/uL (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Platelet count >= 100,000/uL (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Hemoglobin: >= 10 g/dL (transfuse as necessary to raise levels; no transfusions within 7 days of start) (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Calculated creatinine clearance >= 60 ml/min (by Cockroft-Gault formula) within 30 days prior to registration
• The patient has an adequate coagulation function as defined by international normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) or prothrombin time (PT) =< 1.5 x ULN, and partial thromboplastin time (PTT or aPTT) =< 1.5 x ULN (those receiving anticoagulation therapy except low molecular weight heparin are excluded) (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) appropriate for age (except for patients with Gilbert's syndrome, who must have a total bilirubin < 3 mg/dL) (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) < 2.5 upper limit of normal (ULN) appropriate for age (within 30 days prior to registration)
• Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test within 7 days prior to registration; exceptions: females not of child-bearing potential due to surgical sterilization (at least 6 weeks following tubal ligation, hysterectomy, or surgical bilateral oophorectomy with or without hysterectomy) confirmed by medical history; or female after menopause
• A "postmenopausal woman" is a woman meeting either of the following criteria:
• Spontaneous amenorrhea for at least 12 months, not induced by a medical condition such as anorexia nervosa and not taking medications during the amenorrhea that induced the amenorrhea (for example, oral contraceptives, hormones, gonadotropin releasing hormone, antiestrogens, selective estrogen receptor modulators [SERMs], or chemotherapy)
• Spontaneous amenorrhea for 6 to 12 months and a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level > 40 mIU/mL
• Females of child-bearing potential and males must agree to use highly effective contraceptive precautions during the trial and up to 12 months following the last dose of study treatment; a highly effective method of birth control is defined as one that results in a low failure rate (that is, < 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly, such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence, or a vasectomized partner
• The patient or a legally authorized representative must provide study-specific informed consent prior to study entry
• PRIOR TO STEP 2 REGISTRATION INCLUSION CRITERIA
• TP53 sequencing by NGS performed by central pathology lab
• PRIOR TO STEP 1 REGISTRATION EXCLUSION CRITERIA
• Well-differentiated liposarcoma or other low grade STS; Kaposi sarcoma, bone sarcomas, cartilage sarcomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
• Definitive clinical or radiologic evidence of metastatic disease; indeterminant lung nodules less than 8 mm are acceptable
• The patient has history of another primary malignancy, with the exception of
• Curatively treated non-melanomatous skin cancer;
• Curatively treated cervical carcinoma in situ;
• Non-metastatic prostate cancer
• Other primary non-hematologic malignancies or solid tumor treated with curative intent, no known active disease, and no treatment administered during the last 3 years prior to registration
• The patient has a serious cardiac condition, such as congestive heart failure; New York Heart Association class II/ III/IV heart disease; unstable angina pectoris, cardiac stenting within 6 months of enrollment; myocardial infarction within the last 3 months; valvulopathy that is severe, moderate, or deemed clinically significant; or arrhythmias that are symptomatic or require treatment
• Females who are pregnant or breastfeeding
• Prior systemic chemotherapy for the study cancer (sarcoma); note that prior chemotherapy for a different cancer is allowable; however, unresolved toxicities from prior anti-tumor therapy, defined as not having resolved to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0 grade 0 or 1, or to levels dictated in the eligibility criteria with the exception of alopecia (grade 2 or 3 toxicities from prior anti-tumor therapy that are considered irreversible [defined as having been present and stable for > 6 months], such as ifosfamide-related proteinuria, may be allowed if they are not otherwise described in the exclusion criteria AND there is agreement to allow by both the investigator and sponsor)
• Prior radiotherapy to the region of the study cancer that would result in overlap of radiation therapy fields
• Clinically significant bleeding within 4 weeks of screening, current use of warfarin, factor Xa inhibitors, and direct thrombin inhibitors unless these medications can be safely discontinued 14 days prior to AMG-232 (KRT-232) administration; Note: low molecular weight heparin and prophylactic low dose warfarin are permitted; PT/PTT must meet the inclusion criteria; subjects taking warfarin must have their INR followed closely
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to AMG 232 (KRT-232)
• All subjects must agree to stop the use of all herbal medicines (e.g., St. John's wort), and supplements, within the 10 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 (KRT-232), and during the protocol AMG 232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5); subjects may renew the use of the above at week 6; standard adult multi-vitamin is allowed
• All subjects must agree to stop the use of any known CYP3A4 substrates with narrow therapeutic window (such as alfentanil, astemizole, cisapride, dihydroergotamine, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, or terfanide; within the 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 (KRT-232) and during protocol AMG 232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5); other medications (such as fentanyl and oxycodone) may be allowed per investigator's assessment/evaluation
• All subjects must agree to stop the use of any known CYP2C8 substrates with a narrow therapeutic window within the 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG 232 (KRT-232) and during protocol AMG 232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5)
• All subjects are required to submit a list of medications consumed within 14 days prior to receiving the first dose of AMG232 (KRT-232) and during the protocol AMG232 (KRT-232) treatment (weeks 1-5)
• Patients with gastrointestinal (GI) tract disease causing the inability to take oral medication, malabsorption syndrome, requirement for intravenous alimentation, prior surgical procedures affecting absorption, uncontrolled inflammatory GI disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis), therefore could affect the absorption of AMG 232 (KRT-232) at the discretion of treating physician
• Patients with active infection requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotics within 2 weeks of registration
• Patients with known positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HepBsAg) (indicative of chronic hepatitis B), positive hepatitis total core antibody with negative HBsAG (suggestive of occult hepatitis B), or detectable hepatitis C virus RNA by a polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) assay (indicative of active hepatitis C
•screening is generally done by hepatitis C antibody (HepCAb), followed by hepatitis C virus RNA by PCR if HepCAb is positive)
• Patients known to be positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are NOT excluded from this study, but HIV-positive patients must have:
• A stable regimen of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)
• No requirement for concurrent antibiotics or antifungal agents for the prevention of opportunistic infections
• A CD4 count above 250 cells/mcL and an undetectable HIV viral load on standard PCR-based test
• HIV testing is not required
• Treatment with medications known to cause corrected QT (QTc) interval prolongation within 7 days of study day 1 is not permitted unless approved by the sponsor; use of ondansetron is permitted for treatment of nausea and vomiting

Inclusion Criteria 1. Biopsy-proven non-hematopoietic malignancy, except for small cell lung cancer, germ cell cancer, or unknown primary tumor. 2. Radiographic evidence by MRI (or by CT scan with CT contrast if ineligible or intolerant of MRI) of brain metastasis. (If patient is unable to tolerate MRI contrast, an MRI without contrast is acceptable if lesions are visible) 3. All brain metastases must be outside the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). 4. Patient must have 10 or less brain metastases. 5. The maximum diameter of any lesion must be less than or equal to 3.0 cm. 6. Previous treatment with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or any targeted agents are allowed provided that:
• Radiation was not to the brain.
• Surgery to the brain was > 7 days prior to SRS and there remains at least one additional brain metastasis that can be targeted with SRS 7. Age ≥ 18 years. 8. ECOG Performance Score of 2 or better/Karnofsky Performance Status score of 50-60 or better. 9. All men, as well as women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. 10. A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
• Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
• Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months). 11. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients had craniotomy and surgery to the brain within 7 days from the date of SRS. 2. Patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. NOTE: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive CSF cytology and/or equivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology, unless a parenchymal lesion can adequately explain the neurologic symptoms and/or signs. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion. 3. Patients with a contraindication to both MRI (with or without contrast) and CT scan (with contrast) 4. Patients with life expectancy < 3 months. 5. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements. 6. Subjects must not be pregnant or nursing at the time of SRS treatment due to the potential for congenital abnormalities and the potential of this regimen to harm nursing infants.

1. Provide written informed consent (Subject or legal representative) 2. Be > 6 months and < 18 years of age 3. Have a histologically-confirmed diagnosis of MB, NB, ES, or ARMS 4. Have documented relapse or refractoriness after at least 1 line (MB and ARMS subjects) or 2 lines (NB and ES subjects) of standard-of-care therapy, including each of the following:
• Surgery, unless documented contraindication
• Radiotherapy, unless documented contraindication
• Chemotherapy, unless documented contraindication 5. Have undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for MB, a computerized tomography (CT) / metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan for NB, and CT / magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ES or ARMS within 1 month prior to first dose of study treatment 6. Have a Lansky score ≥ 40 for subjects up to 16 years of age or a Karnofsky score ≥ 40 for subjects 16 years of age to < 18 years 7. Have adequate organ function, defined as:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1.5 × 10^9/L
• Platelet count ≥ 100 × 10^9/L
• Hemoglobin ≥ 8mg/dL (transfusion to reach this level is permitted)
• International normalized ratio (INR) < 1.5; partial thromboplastin time (PTT) < 1.5 upper limit of normal (ULN); d-dimer < 250ng/mL
• Serum creatinine ≤ specified maximum values based on age as described below:
• 6 months to 3 years of age: serum creatinine ≤ 0.4mg/dL
• 3 to 13 years of age: serum creatinine ≤ 0.7mg/dL
• > 13 years of age: serum creatinine ≤ 1mg/dL
• Creatinine clearance > 50mL/min
• Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) < 2.5 × ULN; serum bilirubin < 1.5 × ULN 8. Have no symptoms of cranial hypertension or convulsions within 14 days before Cycle 1 Day 1 (anti-epileptic drugs and corticoids are allowed to control any preexisting symptoms) 9. If female of child bearing potential, must not be lactating and must have a negative pregnancy test (blood or urine, at the discretion of the investigator) prior to enrollment and use effective contraception during study participation. Women should continue effective contraception for 3 months following last dose of TB-403. 10. If a sexually-active male, must agree to use a latex condom during any sexual contact with females of child bearing potential while participating in the study and for 3 months following last dose of TB-403. 11. For subjects on corticosteroids for endocrine deficiencies or tumor-associated symptoms, must be on a stable (or decreasing) dose for at least 7 days before first dose of study treatment. 1. Have any clinically significant disease considered by the investigator to interfere with study participation 2. Have not fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of prior anticancer therapy (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy) or are currently receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy or radiation therapy. A minimum period of 4 weeks / 28 days is required between the end of prior anticancer therapy and the initiation of TB-403. 3. Have had cancer other than MB, NB, ES or RMS for Part A of the study or cancer other than MB in the previous 5 years for Parts A and B 4. Have participated in another therapeutic clinical trial with an investigational drug within 1 month 5. Have any known active uncontrolled infection 6. Have had major surgery or bone fracture within 28 days before first dose of study treatment 7. Have previously received TB-403 8. Have a history of severe allergic or anaphylactic reactions or hypersensitivity to recombinant proteins or excipients in the investigational drug 9. Are receiving increasing doses of corticosteroids 10. Are eligible for a curative treatment option. 11. Have had a prior thrombotic event (e.g., pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis) or are currently receiving therapeutic or prophylactic doses of anticoagulants.

Inclusion: 1. Histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor as follows:
• For dose escalation and dose determination parts: Histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor (including CNS tumors but not lymphomas). Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll.
• For dose expansion and tumor specific cohorts: Histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor including but not limited to EWS, rhabdoid tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma. Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll. EWS is not eligible for TOPO and CTX tumor-specific cohorts. 2. Age ≥2 and <21 years at the time of study entry. 3. Lansky performance status ≥50% for patients ≤16 years of age, or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0, 1 or 2 for patients >16 years of age. 4. Adequate bone marrow function.
• Absolute neutrophil count ≥1000/mm3;
• Platelet count ≥100,000/mm3 (transfusion independent);
• Hemoglobin ≥8.5 g/dL (transfusion allowed). 5. Adequate renal function: Serum creatinine level based on age/gender must within protocol specified limits. 6. Adequate liver function, including:
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤5 × ULN for age, if attributable to disease involvement of the liver;
• Total bilirubin ≤1.5 × ULN for age. 7. Measurable disease as defined by RECIST version 1.1 or modified RANO criteria for CNS disease or INRC for neuroblastoma. 8. Recovered to CTCAE Grade ≤1, or to baseline, from any non-hematological acute toxicities of prior surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, differentiation therapy or biologic therapy, with the exception of alopecia. 9. Serum/urine pregnancy test (for all girls ≥8 years of age) negative at screening and at the baseline visit. 10. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient or a legally acceptable representative/parent(s)/legal guardian of minors, has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study. Minor study patients also must provide age appropriate assent according to the local guidelines, where applicable. 11. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other procedures. Exclusion: 1. For palbociclib with IRN and TMZ combination, prior treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor or progression while on treatment with an IRN-containing regimen that includes TMZ. Patients who have received the combination of IRN and TMZ and did not progress while on these medications are eligible. For patients enrolling in the palbociclib with TOPO and CTX combination, prior treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor or progression while on treatment with a TOPO-containing regimen that includes CTX. Patients who have received the combination of TOPO and CTX and did not progress while on these medications are eligible. 2. Prior intolerability to IRN and/or TMZ, for palbociclib with IRN and TMZ combination and prior intolerability to TOPO and/or CTX for palbociclib with TOPO and CTX combination. 3. Use of strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitors or inducers. Patients who are receiving strong uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) inhibitors within 12 days of Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1) are not eligible for the palbociclib with IRN and TMZ combination. Patients who are receiving strong UGT1A1 inhibitors within 12 days of C1D1 are eligible for the palbociclib with TOPO and CTX combination (See Section 5.7.1 for list of products.) 4. Prior growth factors (including filgrastim) within 7 days before study entry or PEG-filgrastim within 14 days before study entry. 5. Radiation therapy within 14 days before study entry. 6. Systemic anti cancer therapy within 2 weeks prior to study entry and 6 weeks for nitrosoureas. 7. Previous high dose chemotherapy requiring stem cell rescue within 90 days or persistent AE >Grade 1. 8. Prior irradiation to >50% of the bone marrow (see Appendix 9). 9. Participation in other studies involving investigational drug(s) within 2 weeks or 5 half lives, whichever is longer, prior to study entry. 10. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to study entry. Surgical biopsies or central line placement are not considered major surgeries. 11. Known or suspected hypersensitivity to palbociclib, IRN and/or TMZ. 12. Patients with known symptomatic brain tumors or brain metastases and require steroids, unless they have been on a stable or on a decreasing steroid dose for >14 days. 13. Patients with previously diagnosed brain metastases are eligible if they have completed their prior treatment and have recovered from the acute effects of radiation therapy or surgery prior to study entry for these metastases for at least 14 days post radiation and 4 weeks post-surgery and are neurologically stable. 14. Hereditary bone marrow failure disorder. 15. QTc >470 msec. 16. History of clinically significant or uncontrolled cardiac disease, including:
• History of or active congestive heart failure; if patient had congestive heart failure resolve and >1 year from resolution, patient will be considered eligible;
• Clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia (such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or Torsades de Pointes);
• Diagnosed or suspected congenital or acquired prolonged QT syndrome;
• Need for medications known to prolong the QT interval;
• Uncorrected hypomagnesemia or hypokalemia because of potential effects on the QT interval;
• Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% or shortening fraction <28%. 17. Recent or ongoing clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder that may interfere with absorption of orally administered drugs (eg, gastrectomy). 18. Evidence of serious active or uncontrolled bacterial, fungal or viral infection or known history of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related illness. 19. Other severe acute or chronic medical or laboratory test abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the Investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study. 20. Investigator site staff members directly involved in the conduct of the study and their family members, site staff members otherwise supervised by the investigator, or patients who are Pfizer employees, including their family members, directly involved in the conduct of the study. 21. Fertile male patients and female patients of childbearing potential who are unwilling or unable to use a highly effective method of contraception as outlined in this protocol for the duration of the study and for at least 90 after the last dose of investigational product.

• Age 5 through 21 years old at the time of screening for Cohorts 1 and 2; Age ≥2 years old at the time of screening for Cohort 3.
• Documented diagnosis of 5q SMA.
• Diagnosed as later-onset (e.g., Type 2 or Type 3) SMA prior to receiving any treatment with therapy approved for SMA.
• Non-ambulatory patients must be able to sit independently (sits up straight with head erect for at least 10 seconds; does not use arms or hands to balance body or support position) per World Health Organization (WHO) motor milestones definition at screening.
• Ambulatory patients must have the ability to independently ambulate without aids or orthotics over 10 meters in 30 seconds or less at screening.
• Receiving the same background SMA therapy (e.g., on an approved survival motor neuron (SMN) upregulator therapy such as nusinersen, or not on any SMA therapy) for at least 6 months prior to screening and anticipated to remain on that therapy throughout the duration of the study.
• If receiving the SMN upregulator therapy nusinersen, must have completed the loading regimen and initiated maintenance dosing (i.e., completed at least one maintenance dose) with at least 4 weeks after the first maintenance dose having elapsed prior to screening.
• Nutritional status stable over the past 6 months and anticipated to be stable throughout the duration of the study.
• Have no physical limitations that would prevent the patient from undergoing motor function outcome measures throughout the duration of the study.
• Able to receive study drug infusions and provide blood samples through the use of a peripheral intravenous (IV) or a long-term IV access device that the patient has placed for reasons independent from the study throughout the duration of the study.
• Able to adhere to the requirements of the protocol, including travel to the study center and completing all study procedures and study visits.
• For patients who are expected to have reached reproductive maturity by the end of the study, adhere to study specific contraception requirements.
• Use of tracheostomy with positive pressure.
• Use of chronic daytime non-invasive ventilatory support for >16 hours daily in the 2 weeks prior to dosing, or anticipated to regularly receive such daytime ventilator support chronically over the duration of the study.
• Any acute or co-morbid condition interfering with the well-being of the patient within 14 days of screening, including active systemic infection, the need for acute treatment or inpatient observation due to any reason.
• Severe scoliosis and/or contractures at screening. Based on clinical judgement, any scoliosis or contractures present must be stable over the past 6 months, anticipated to be stable for the duration of the study and not prevent the patient from being evaluated on any functional outcome measures throughout the duration of the study.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding.
• Major orthopedic or other interventional procedure, including spine or hip surgery, considered to have the potential to substantially limit the ability of the patient to be evaluated on any functional outcome measures, within 6 months prior to screening, or anticipated for the duration of the study.
• Prior history of a hypersensitivity reaction to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) or recombinant protein bearing an Fc domain (such as a soluble receptor- Fc fusion protein).
• Use of systemic corticosteroids within 60 days prior to screening. Inhaled or topical steroids are allowed.
• Treatment with investigational drugs within 3 months prior to screening.
• Use of therapies with potentially significant muscle effects (such as androgens, insulin-like growth factor, growth hormone, systemic betaagonist, botulinum toxin, or muscle relaxants) or muscle-enhancing supplements within 60 days prior to screening.
• Patient has any other condition, which in the opinion of the Investigator may compromise safety or compliance, would preclude the patient from successful completion of the study, or interfere with the interpretation of the results.

• Adult patients ≥ 18 years
• Individuals presenting for major shoulder arthroscopy procedures at Ambulatory Services Center (Outpatient Surgery Center) (for example: rotator cuff repair, subacromial decompression, Bankart repair)
• Patient is able to provide informed consent to participate in the study.
• Allergy to amide local anesthetic, liposomal bupivacaine or other medication involving liposomal formulation
• Preexisting neurological deficits involving or potentially involving the ipsilateral brachial plexus
• Preexisting contralateral vocal fold paralysis or recurrent laryngeal paralysis
• Psychiatric or cognitive disorders that could interfere with perioperative evaluation including drug or alcohol abuse
• Chronic pain conditions
• Preoperative opioid consumption greater than 20 mg oral morphine equivalent.
• Any contraindication to interscalene nerve block including any local disorder of the skin where blockade is to be performed which would prevent safe performance of the block
• Any coagulation abnormality which would be a contraindication for block placement
• Preoperative chronic renal dysfunction requiring renal replacement therapy or a serum creatinine greater than 1.4 mg/dL
• Body mass index >50
• Pregnancy
• Incarceration
• ASA classification greater than 3
• Inability to provide informed consent
• Refusal to participate in the study
• Patients undergoing biceps tenodesis (due to variable axillary pain not covered by ISB)

• Participants must have had a histologic diagnosis of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis
• Disease Status: Patients with an isolated pulmonary recurrence of osteosarcoma can be enrolled on this study.
• Any history of metastatic disease at a site other than lung would make the patient ineligible for this study.
• The patient's treating team must consider the patient's disease to be resectable and the patient must be willing to undergo resection of all disease, including any lung lesion meeting criteria for likely metastatic disease, defined as: 3 or more lesions ≥ 3 mm in diameter OR a single lesion ≥ 5 mm.
• Patients with bilateral disease are eligible provided their disease is considered resectable. Resectable pulmonary nodules are defined as nodules that can be removed without performing a pneumonectomy (e.g., nodules immediately adjacent to the main stem bronchus or main pulmonary vessels).
• Must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1 or 2, using the Karnofsky scale for patients > 16 years of age and the Lansky scale for patients ≤ 16 years of age
• Prior Therapy: Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to the start of protocol therapy.
• Participants must have normal organ and marrow function within 7 days of starting protocol therapy
• All participants and/or their parents or legal guardians must have the ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent/assent document
• Additional criteria may apply
• Pregnancy or Breast Feeding
• Males and females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to the use of, at minimum, two methods of contraception, with one method being highly effective and the other method being either highly effective or less effective as outlined in study protocol documentation
• Concomitant Medications: Patients receiving the following are not eligible:
• Corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications
• Patients who are currently receiving other investigational agents or other anti-cancer therapy
• Intercurrent Illnesses: Patients with uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to:
• Ongoing or active infection
• Symptomatic congestive heart failure
• Unstable angina pectoris
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Autoimmune disorders: Patients with a history of any Grade autoimmune disorder are not eligible.
• Asymptomatic laboratory abnormalities (e.g., ANA, rheumatoid factor, altered thyroid function studies) will not render a patient ineligible in the absence of a diagnosis of an autoimmune disorder.
• Patients with ≥ Grade 2 hypothyroidism due to history of autoimmunity are not eligible. Note: Hypothyroidism due to previous irradiation or thyroidectomy will not impact eligibility
• Allergies: Patients with a history of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to Nivolumab (e.g., another humanized antibody) or Azacitidine are not eligible
• Safety and Monitoring: Patients who are considered unable to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
• Patients with known HIV or hepatitis B or C are excluded
• Patients who have received prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
• Patients who have received prior anti-PD-1 directed therapy (mAb or small molecule) are not eligible

• Patients must have had histologic verification of osteosarcoma at original diagnosis or relapse
• Patients with diagnoses of osteosarcoma and confirmed HER2 expression of > 10% of osteosarcoma cells are eligible for the intervention
• Note: There is a mandatory tissue submission for HER2 staining during the Step 0 Eligibility Screening process. Metastatic tissue, when possible from the most recent relapse, is strongly preferred for HER2 staining over archival tissue from primary resection or diagnostic biopsy. The evaluation period for HER2 staining to determine eligibility for therapy will be less than 4 weeks from screening enrollment
• Patients must have measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1. Patients with clinically inactive brain metastases may be included in the study. Patients with treated brain metastases that are no longer symptomatic and who require no treatment with corticosteroids or anticonvulsants may be included in the study if they have recovered from the acute toxic effect of radiotherapy
• Patient's current disease state must be one for which they have received at least standard initial therapy, defined as systemic therapy combined with either radiation or surgery for local control of the primary tumor at diagnosis. Prior therapy after relapse is not required
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0 or 1. Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age. Patients who are non-ambulatory as a result of prior surgical treatment for osteosarcoma should be considered ambulatory for the purposes of assessing performance status
• Patients must have recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anti-cancer directed therapy prior to enrollment. If after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g., blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anti-cancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: For agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned Research Coordinator prior to enrollment
• >= 21 days after the last dose of myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g., not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent
• Antibodies: >= 4 weeks (28 days) must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• Corticosteroids
• Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. pegfilgrastim) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
• Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell Infusions (with or without total body irradiation [TBI]):
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: >= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 30 days
• Vellular therapy: >= 30 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g., modified T cells, natural killer [NK] cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
• Radiation therapy (XRT)/external beam irradiation including protons: >= 4 weeks (28 days) including palliative radiation therapy to the chest. >= 14 days after palliative local XRT to areas other than the chest or for whole brain radiotherapy
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, samarium): >= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
• Patients must not have received prior HER2 therapies including antibody drug conjugates (e.g. TDM-1 or DS-8201a), HER2 directed cellular therapies, HER2 receptor therapy (e.g. trastuzumab, pertuzumab) or small molecule antagonists of HER2 (e.g lapatinib or neratinib)
• Patients must be at least 7 days from the date of last surgery
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3, (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [G-CSF] administration is not allowed within 1 week prior to Step 1 screening assessment) (for patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement)
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment) (for patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement)
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL at baseline (Red Blood Cell transfusion is not allowed within 1 week prior to screening assessment) (for patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement)
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• Age: 12 to < 13 years; Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1.2 (male); 1.2 (female)
• Age: 13 to < 16 years; Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1.5 (male); 1.4 (female)
• Age: >= 16 years; Maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): 1.7 (male); 1.4 (female)
• For participants less than 18 years of age that screen fail only based on creatinine, a 24 hour urine collection may be used instead to confirm eligibility. A calculated GFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 m^2 using a 24 hour collection will meet criteria for inclusion on this trial
• Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated or total) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age. For patients with documented Gilbert's syndrome (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) bilirubin must be < 3 x ULN for age (patients with solid tumors)
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) (aspartate aminotransferase [AST]) =< 3 x ULN. (if liver metastases present =< 5 x ULN). For the purpose of this study, the ULN for ALT is 45 U/L regardless of baseline and the ULN for AST is 50 U/L regardless of baseline (patients with solid tumors)
• Serum albumin >= 2.5 g/dL (patients with solid tumors)
• International normalized ratio (INR)/prothrombin time (PT) and either partial thromboplastin or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) =< 1.5 x ULN (patients with solid tumors)
• Shortening fraction of >= 27% by echocardiogram, or ejection fraction of >= 50% by either an echocardiogram (ECHO) or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan within 28 days before Step 1 enrollment
• Corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation to < 470 ms (females) or < 450 ms (males) based on average triplicate 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG)
• Pulse oximetry > 93% on room air
• Patients with seizure disorder may be enrolled if on anticonvulsants and well controlled as evidenced by no increase in seizure frequency in the prior 7 days
• Nervous system disorders (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [CTCAE] version [v]5) resulting from prior chemotherapy, surgery, and/or radiation must be =< grade 2, with the exception of decreased tendon reflex (DTR). Any grade of DTR is eligible
• All patients and/or their parents or legally authorized representatives must sign a written informed consent. Assent, when appropriate, will be obtained according to institutional guidelines
• Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study because there is yet no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities. Pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal. Males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two effective methods of birth control, including a medically accepted barrier or contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) for the duration of the study and upon completion of the study and for at least 7 months for females and 4 months for males after the last dose of study drug. Abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control
• Methods considered as highly effective methods of contraception include:
• Combined (estrogen and progestogen containing) hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:
• Oral
• Intravaginal
• Transdermal
• Progestogen-only hormonal contraception associated with inhibition of ovulation:
• Oral
• Injectable
• Implantable
• Intrauterine device (IUD)
• Intrauterine hormone-releasing system (IUS)
• Bilateral tubal occlusion
• Vasectomized partner
• Complete sexual abstinence defined as refraining from heterosexual intercourse. Periodic abstinence (calendar, symptothermal, post-ovulation methods) is not an acceptable method of contraception
• Non-child-bearing potential defined as pre-menopausal females with a documented tubal ligation or hysterectomy; or postmenopausal defined as 12 months of spontaneous amenorrhea (in questionable cases, a blood sample with simultaneous follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH] > 40 mIU/mL and estradiol < 40 pg/mL [< 147 pmol/L] is confirmatory). Females on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and whose menopausal status is in doubt will be required to use one of the contraception methods outlined for women of child-bearing potential if they wish to continue their HRT during the study. Otherwise, they must discontinue HRT to allow confirmation of post-menopausal status prior to study enrollment. For most forms of HRT, at least 2-4 weeks will elapse between the cessation of therapy and the blood draw; this interval depends on the type and dosage of HRT. Following confirmation of their post-menopausal status, they can resume use of HRT during the study without use of a contraceptive method
• Male subjects must not freeze or donate sperm starting at Screening and throughout the study period, and at least 4 months after the final study drug administration. Preservation of sperm should be considered prior to enrolment in this study
• Female subjects must not donate, or retrieve for their own use, ova from the time of Screening and throughout the study treatment period, and for at least 7 months after the final study drug administration
• Patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible. If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
• Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible
• Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible for this trial
• Patients who are receiving chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine within 14 days are not eligible for this trial
• Patients who have received a prior solid organ transplantation are not eligible
• Patients with a medical history of myocardial infarction within 180 days before enrollment, symptomatic congestive heart failure (CHF) (New York Heart Association Class II to IV) or troponin levels consistent with myocardial infarction as defined according to the manufacturer 28 days prior to enrollment are not eligible
• Patients who have a pleural effusion, ascites or pericardial effusion that requires drainage, peritoneal shunt, or Cell-free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy (CART) are not eligible
• Patients who have spinal cord compression or clinically active central nervous system metastases, defined as untreated and symptomatic, or requiring therapy with corticosteroids or anticonvulsants to control associated symptoms are not eligible
• Patients with a known history of severe hypersensitivity to DS-8201a or any excipient contained in the DS-8201a drug formulation are not eligible
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection or non-healing surgical site are not eligible
• Patients with a known history of substance abuse or any other clinically significant medical conditions (i.e. psychological conditions) that may, in the opinion of the investigator, interfere with the patient's participation in the clinical study or evaluation of the clinical study results are not eligible
• Patients who have pulmonary compromise, ex hypoxia, resulting from intercurrent pulmonary illnesses including, but not limited to, any underlying pulmonary disorder (i.e. pulmonary emboli within three months of the study enrollment, severe asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), restrictive lung disease, pleural effusion etc.), or prior pneumonectomy are not eligible
• Patients who have a history of (non-infectious) ILD (interstitial lung disease)/pneumonitis that required steroids, has current ILD/pneumonitis, or where suspected ILD/pneumonitis cannot be ruled out by imaging at screening are not eligible
• Patients who have a pleural effusion, ascites or pericardial effusion that requires drainage, peritoneal shunt, or cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) are not eligible. (Drainage and CART are not allowed within 2 weeks prior to screening assessment)
• Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible

• Upper age limit of =< 18 years of age for medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Patients must have a body surface area >= 0.35 m^2
• Patients must have recurrent or refractory disease, or newly diagnosed disease with no known curative therapy or therapy proven to prolong survival with an acceptable quality of life; patients must have had histologic verification of one of the malignancies listed below at original diagnosis or at relapse:
• Ewing sarcoma
• Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)
• Non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcomas (STS) including microphthalmia transcription factor associated STS (alveolar soft part sarcoma [ASPS] and clear cell sarcoma [CCS])
• Osteosarcoma
• Wilms tumor
• Rare tumors
• Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC)
• Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
• Hepatoblastoma
• Adrenocortical carcinoma
• Pediatric solid tumors (including central nervous system [CNS] tumors) with known molecular alterations in the targets of XL184 (i.e., MET amplification, overexpression, activating mutation, MET translocation, MET exon skipping mutations, activating RET mutations, RET rearrangement, overexpression or activation of AXL); documentation of the alteration from a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) certified laboratory will be required
• Note: Documentation of any known tumor molecular alterations and RET mutation status for patients with MTC (germline) must be uploaded via the RAVE system
• Patients must have radiographically measurable disease; measurable disease is defined as the presence of at least one lesion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan that can be accurately measured with the longest diameter a minimum of 10 mm in at least one dimension (CT scan slice thickness no greater than 5 mm)
• Note: The following do NOT qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans)
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement parameters noted above
• Patients must have a Lansky or Karnofsky performance status score of >= 50, corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) categories 0, 1 or 2; use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy prior to entering this study
• Patients with solid tumors must not have received myelosuppressive chemotherapy within 3 weeks of enrollment onto this study (6 weeks if prior nitrosourea)
• At least 7 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a growth factor. At least 14 days must have elapsed after receiving pegfilgrastim
• Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil count [ANC] counts): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent
• Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• >= 2 weeks must have elapsed since local palliative radiation therapy (XRT) (small port); >= 6 weeks must have elapsed since treatment with therapeutic doses of M-Iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG); >= 3 months must have elapsed if prior craniospinal XRT was received, if >= 50% of the pelvis was irradiated, or if total-body irradiation (TBI) was received; >= 6 weeks must have elapsed if other substantial bone marrow irradiation was given
• Subjects should not have any clinically relevant ongoing complications from prior radiation therapy (i.e., radiation esophagitis or other inflammation of the viscera)
• No evidence of active graft versus (vs.) host disease and >= 2 months must have elapsed since transplant
• Not previously received XL184 or another MET/HGF inhibitor (tivantinib or crizotinib); there are no limits on number of prior therapeutic regimens; patients who have been treated with prior VEGF pathway, or RET inhibitors (except XL184) may be eligible
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/uL for patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement
• Platelet count >= 100,000/uL (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions within a 7 day period prior to enrollment) for patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL (may receive red blood cell [RBC] transfusions) for patients with solid tumors without bone marrow involvement
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 750/uL for patients with solid tumors and known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Platelet count >= 50,000/uL for patients with solid tumors and known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Hemoglobin >= 8.0 g/dL for patients with solid tumors and known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Transfusions are permitted to meet both the platelet and hemoglobin criteria; patients must not be known to be refractory to red blood cell or platelet transfusions
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• 2 to < 6 years of age
• Male and female: 0.8 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• 6 to < 10 years of age
• Male and female: 1 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• 10 to < 13 years of age
• Male and female: 1.2 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• 13 to < 16 years of age
• Male 1.5 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• Female: 1.4 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• >= 16 years of age
• Male: 1.7 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• Female: 1.4 (maximum serum creatinine [mg/dL])
• Urine protein: =< 30 mg/dl in urinalysis or =< 1+ on dipstick, unless quantitative protein is < 1000 mg in a 24 hour (h) urine sample
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (3 x ULN) (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• Serum albumin >= 2.8 g/dL
• No history of congenital prolonged corrected QT (QTc) syndrome, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III or IV congestive heart failure (CHF)
• No clinically significant cardiac arrhythmias, stroke or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to enrollment
• QTc =< 480 msec; Note: Patients with grade 1 prolonged QTc (450- 480 msec) at the time of study enrollment should have correctable causes of prolonged QTc addressed if possible (i.e., electrolytes, medications)
• Patients with a known seizure disorder who are receiving non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants and have well-controlled seizures may be enrolled
• CNS toxicity =< grade 2 with the exception of decreased tendon reflex (DTR); any grade of DTR is eligible
• A blood pressure (BP) =< the 95th percentile for age, height, and gender for pediatric patients < 18 years old and =< 140/90 mmHg for patients >= 18 years old; patients should not be receiving medication for treatment of hypertension (except patients with Wilms tumor and RCC who may be eligible if on stable doses of no more than one anti-hypertensive medication with a baseline BP =< ULN for pediatric patients and =< 140/90 for adult patients); please note that 3 serial blood pressures should be obtained and averaged to determine baseline BP
• International normalized ratio (INR) =< 1.5
• Serum amylase =< 1.5 ULN
• Serum lipase =< 1.5 ULN
• Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies; pregnancy tests must be obtained in girls who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use two methods of birth control- a medically accepted barrier method of contraceptive method (e.g., male or female condom) and a second effective method of birth control-during protocol therapy and for at least 4 months after the last dose of XL184; abstinence is an acceptable method of birth control
• Growth factors that support platelet or white cell number or function must not have been administered within the 7 days prior to enrollment (14 days if pegfilgrastim)
• Patients requiring corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for the 7 days prior to enrollment are not eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Previous treatment with XL184 (cabozantinib) or another MET/HGF inhibitor (tivantinib, crizotinib)
• Patients who are currently receiving another investigational drug are not eligible
• Patients who are currently receiving other anti-cancer agents are not eligible
• Patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent either graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant or organ rejection post-transplant are not eligible for this trial
• Patients must not be receiving any of the following potent CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors: erythromycin, clarithromycin, ketoconazole, azithromycin, itraconazole, grapefruit juice or St. John's wort
• Concomitant anticoagulation with oral anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin, direct thrombin, and Factor Xa inhibitors) or platelet inhibitors (e.g., clopidogrel) are prohibited
• Note: Low-dose aspirin for cardioprotection (per local applicable guidelines) and low dose, low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are permitted; anticoagulation with therapeutic doses of LMWH is allowed in subjects without radiographic evidence of brain metastasis, who are on a stable dose of LMWH for at least 6 weeks before first dose of study treatment, and who have had no complications from a thromboembolic event or the anticoagulation regimen
• Patients must not have received enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants within 14 days prior to enrollment
• Patients who are receiving drugs that prolong QTc are not eligible
• Patients who are unable to swallow intact tablets are not eligible
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• Patients who in the opinion of the investigator may not be able to comply with the safety monitoring requirements of the study are not eligible
• Patients with active bleeding are not eligible; specifically, no clinically significant gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, GI perforation, intra-abdominal abscess or fistula for 6 months prior to enrollment, no hemoptysis or other signs of pulmonary hemorrhage for 3 months prior to enrollment; patients with evidence of an acute intracranial or intratumoral hemorrhage on CT or MRI are not eligible (patients with evidence of resolving hemorrhage will be eligible); in patients with CNS tumors, an MRI with ECHO gradient sequences would be required to exclude presence of petechial hemorrhages
• Patients who have had or are planning to have the following invasive procedures are not eligible:
• Major surgical procedure, laparoscopic procedure, or open biopsy within 28 days prior to enrollment
• Central line placement or subcutaneous port placement is not considered major surgery but must be placed at least 3 days prior to enrollment for external lines (e.g., Hickman or Broviac catheter, peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC]) and at least 7 days prior to enrollment for a subcutaneous port
• Core biopsy within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Fine needle aspirate within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Surgical or other wounds must be adequately healed prior to enrollment
• NOTE: For purposes of this study, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy are not considered surgical procedures and therefore are permitted within 14 days prior to start of protocol therapy
• Patients who have had significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to enrollment are not eligible
• Patients with any medical or surgical conditions that would interfere with gastrointestinal absorption of the study drug are not eligible

Inclusion Criteria
• ≥2 years and <18 years of age for enrolment in Phase 1 or ≥2 years and ≤21 years of age for enrolment in Phase 2.
• Recurrent or refractory solid tumors
• Phase 1: All solid tumors (measurable or evaluable disease), including primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors; exclusion of hepatoblastoma and lymphomas. Participants with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma, optic pathway glioma, or pineal tumors with elevated tumor markers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP] and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin [ß-hCG][or human chorionic gonadotropin [hCG])do not require histological or cytological confirmation of diagnosis
• Phase 2: Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET), Rhabdomyosarcoma, High Grade Glioma (HGG) (all must have measurable disease); exclusion of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma
• Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis
• Measurable disease that meets the following criteria (Phase 2): 1. RECIST 1.1 (for all tumor types except HGG): At least 1 lesion of ≥1.0 cm in the longest diameter for a non lymph node or ≥1.5 cm in the short-axis diameter for a lymph node which is serially measurable according to RECIST 1.1 using computed tomography /magnetic resonance imaging (CT/MRI) 2. Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) for high grade glioma (HGG): At least one lesion must be measurable as defined as a bi dimensionally contrast enhancing lesion with clearly defined margins by CT or MRI scan, with a minimal diameter of 1 cm, and visible on 2 axial slices which are preferably at most 5 mm apart with 0 mm skip Lesions that have had external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) or locoregional therapies such as radiofrequency (RF) ablation must show evidence of progressive disease based on RECIST 1.1 to be deemed a target lesion
• Karnofsky performance score ≥50 for participants>16 year of age and Lansky play score ≥50 for participants ≤16 years of age. Neurologic deficits in participants with CNS tumors must have been relatively stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment. Participants who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• Prior Therapy
• Participants must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anti-cancer therapy
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other chemotherapy known to be myelosuppressive: ≥21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anti-cancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (eg, not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil counts): ≥7 days after the last dose of agent
• Monoclonal antibodies: ≥21 days or 3 half-lives (whichever is shorter) of the antibody must have elapsed after the last dose of a monoclonal antibody (including checkpoint inhibitors). Toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to Grade ≤1
• Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, ≥14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid. Participants receiving corticosteroids, who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment, are not eligible
• Hematopoietic growth factors: ≥14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor or 7 days for short-acting growth factor. For agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur
• Interleukins, interferons, and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): ≥21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferons or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total body irradiation): Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor leukocytes infusion or boost infusion: ≥84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease; Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: ≥42 days
• Cellular Therapy: ≥42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (eg, modified T cells, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, etc)
• Radiotherapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: ≥14 days after local XRT; ≥150 days after total body irradiation, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to ≥50% of the pelvis; ≥42 days if other substantial bone marrow radiation.
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy: ≥42 days after systemically administered therapy.
• Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-targeted or mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)-targeted therapies: Must not have received prior exposure to lenvatinib; May have previously progressed on an mTOR inhibitor; No more than 2 prior VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapies (For Phase 2 only); Must not have received prior VEGF/VEGFR-targeted therapy in combination with an mTOR inhibitor (For Phase 2 only)
• Adequate bone marrow function for participants with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement
• Adequate bone marrow function for participants with known bone marrow metastatic disease
• Adequate renal function
• Adequate liver function
• Adequate cardiac function
• Adequate neurologic function
• Adequate blood pressure (BP) control with or without antihypertensive medications
• Adequate coagulation
• Adequate pancreatic function
• Adequate metabolic function
• Adequate glycemic control
• Participants must have a minimum body surface area (BSA) of 0.6 m^2 at study entry. Exclusion Criteria
• Participants who have had or are planning to have the following invasive procedures
• Major surgical procedure, laparoscopic procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to enrolment
• Central line placement or subcutaneous port placement is not considered major surgery. External central lines must be placed at least 3 days prior to enrollment and subcutaneous ports must be placed at least 7 days prior to enrollment
• Fine needle aspirate within 7 days prior to enrolment
• Surgical or other wounds must be adequately healed prior to enrolment
• For purposes of this study, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy are not considered surgical procedures and therefore are permitted within 14 days prior to start of protocol therapy
• Participants who have non-healing wound, unhealed or incompletely healed fracture, or a compound (open) bone fracture at the time of enrolment
• Participants having an active infection requiring systemic therapy.
• Participants with a known history of active hepatitis B (defined as hepatitis B surface antigen reactive or hepatitis B virus- deoxyribonucleic [DNA] detected) or known active hepatitis C virus (HCV, defined as HCV- Ribonucleic acid [RNA] detected). Note: No testing for hepatitis B and hepatitis C is required unless mandated by the local health authority.
• Known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Note: HIV testing is required at screening only when mandated by the local health authority
• Clinical evidence of nephrotic syndrome prior to enrolment
• Gastrointestinal bleeding or active hemoptysis (bright red blood of at least half teaspoon) within 21 days prior to enrolment
• Thrombotic/ thromboembolic event requiring systemic anticoagulation within 90 days prior to enrollment
• Evidence of new intracranial hemorrhage of more than punctate size on MRI assessment obtained within 28 days prior to study enrollment for Participants with HGG
• Diagnosis of lymphoma
• Radiographic evidence of major blood vessel invasion/infiltration.
• Evidence of untreated CNS metastases (exception: participants with primary CNS tumors and leptomeningeal disease)
• Participants who are currently receiving enzyme-inducing anticonvulsants
• Participants chronically receiving strong cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors or inducers within 7 days prior to study enrollment
• Females who are breastfeeding or pregnant. For females of childbearing potential, a negative screening pregnancy test must be obtained within 72 hours before the first dose of study drug

• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients with recurrent or refractory solid tumors, including non-Hodgkin lymphomas, histiocytoses (e.g. langerhans cell histiocytosis [LCH], juvenile xanthogranuloma [JXG], histiocytic sarcoma), and central nervous system (CNS) tumors are eligible; patients must have had histologic verification of malignancy at original diagnosis or relapse except in patients with intrinsic brain stem tumors, optic pathway gliomas, or patients with pineal tumors and elevations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum tumor markers including alpha-fetoprotein or beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG); in cases where patient enrolls prior to histologic confirmation of recurrent disease, patient is ineligible and should be withdrawn from study if histology fails to confirm recurrence; please note: Patients with Hodgkin lymphoma and plexiform neurofibroma are not eligible
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients must have an formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor sample available for MATCH study testing from a biopsy or surgery that was performed at any point after initial tumor recurrence/progression, or be planned to have a procedure to obtain such a sample that is considered to be of potential benefit by the treating clinicians; a tumor sample from a clinically performed diagnostic (pre-treatment) biopsy will be acceptable for enrollment onto Pediatric MATCH only for children with high-grade gliomas of the brainstem (diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas) or thalamus
• Please note: Samples that have been decalcified using standardly utilized acid-based decalcification methods are not generally suitable for MATCH study testing; the nucleic acids will have been degraded in the decalcification process
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age); note: neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR ENROLLMENT ONTO APEC1621SC: Patients must have radiographically measurable disease; measurable disease based on imaging obtained less than or equal to 56 days prior to enrollment; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) positive (+) evaluable disease are eligible; measurable disease in patients with central nervous system (CNS) involvement is defined as tumor that is measurable in two perpendicular diameters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and visible on more than one slice
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or CSF
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: NOTE: patient does not need to meet all subprotocol criteria at time of enrollment onto the APEC1621SC screening protocol, but will need to meet all criteria prior to enrollment on any assigned treatment subprotocol. Patients must be enrolled onto a subprotocol within 8 weeks (56 days) of treatment assignment
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Karnofsky >= 50% for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky >= 50 for patients =< 16 years of age); Note: neurologic deficits in patients with CNS tumors must have been stable for at least 7 days prior to study enrollment; patients who are unable to walk because of paralysis, but who are up in a wheelchair, will be considered ambulatory for the purpose of assessing the performance score
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: At the time of treatment with subprotocol specified therapy, the patients must have radiographically measurable disease; patients with neuroblastoma who do not have measurable disease but have MIBG+ evaluable are eligible; measurable disease in patients with CNS involvement is defined as tumor that is measurable in two perpendicular diameters on MRI and visible on more than one slice
• Note: The following do not qualify as measurable disease:
• Malignant fluid collections (e.g., ascites, pleural effusions)
• Bone marrow infiltration except that detected by MIBG scan for neuroblastoma
• Lesions only detected by nuclear medicine studies (e.g., bone, gallium or positron emission tomography [PET] scans) except as noted for neuroblastoma
• Elevated tumor markers in plasma or CSF
• Previously radiated lesions that have not demonstrated clear progression post radiation
• Leptomeningeal lesions that do not meet the measurement requirements for RECIST 1.1
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: At the time of enrollment onto a subprotocol, the following general criteria for initiation of therapy will be required:
• Patients must have fully recovered from the acute toxic effects of all prior anticancer therapy and must meet the following minimum duration from prior anticancer directed therapy prior to enrollment to the subprotocol; if after the required timeframe, the numerical eligibility criteria are met, e.g. blood count criteria, the patient is considered to have recovered adequately
• Cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer agents known to be myelosuppressive: for agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment >= 21 days after the last dose of cytotoxic or myelosuppressive chemotherapy (42 days if prior nitrosourea)
• Anticancer agents not known to be myelosuppressive (e.g. not associated with reduced platelet or absolute neutrophil counts [ANC]): >= 7 days after the last dose of agent; for agents not listed, the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator prior to enrollment
• Antibodies: >= 21 days must have elapsed from infusion of last dose of antibody, and toxicity related to prior antibody therapy must be recovered to grade =< 1
• Corticosteroids: If used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Hematopoietic growth factors: >= 14 days after the last dose of a long-acting growth factor (e.g. Neulasta) or 7 days for short-acting growth factor; for agents that have known adverse events occurring beyond 7 days after administration, this period must be extended beyond the time during which adverse events are known to occur; the duration of this interval must be discussed with the study chair and the study-assigned research coordinator
• Interleukins, interferons and cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors): >= 21 days after the completion of interleukins, interferon or cytokines (other than hematopoietic growth factors)
• Stem cell infusions (with or without total-body irradiation [TBI]):
• Allogeneic (non-autologous) bone marrow or stem cell transplant, or any stem cell infusion including donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) or boost infusion: >= 84 days after infusion and no evidence of graft versus host disease (GVHD)
• Autologous stem cell infusion including boost infusion: >= 42 days
• Cellular therapy: >= 42 days after the completion of any type of cellular therapy (e.g. modified T cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, etc.)
• X-ray therapy (XRT)/External Beam Irradiation including Protons: >= 14 days after local XRT; >= 150 days after TBI, craniospinal XRT or if radiation to >= 50% of the pelvis; >= 42 days if other substantial bone marrow (BM) radiation; note: radiation may not be delivered to "measurable disease" tumor site(s) being used to follow response to subprotocol treatment
• Radiopharmaceutical therapy (e.g., radiolabeled antibody, 131I-MIBG): >= 42 days after systemically administered radiopharmaceutical therapy
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: For patients with solid tumors without known bone marrow involvement:
• Peripheral absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1000/mm^3
• Platelet count >= 100,000/mm^3 (transfusion independent, defined as not receiving platelet transfusions for at least 7 days prior to enrollment)
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study provided they meet the blood counts (may receive transfusions provided they are not known to be refractory to red cell or platelet transfusions); these patients will not be evaluable for hematologic toxicity
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 70 ml/min/1.73 m^2 or a serum creatinine based on age/gender as follows:
• Age: 1 to < 2 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 0.6; female 0.6
• Age: 2 to < 6 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 0.8; female 0.8
• Age: 6 to < 10 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1; female 1
• Age: 10 to < 13 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.2; female 1.2
• Age: 13 to < 16 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.5; female 1.4
• Age: >= 16 years; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL): male 1.7; female 1.4
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Bilirubin (sum of conjugated + unconjugated) =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine transferase [ALT]) =< 135 U/L (for the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L)
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients must be able to swallow intact capsules/tablets, unless otherwise specified in the subprotocol to which they are assigned
• GENERAL INCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Agent specific limitations on prior therapy will be included with specific treatment subprotocols
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Pregnant or breast-feeding women will not be entered on this study due to risks of fetal and teratogenic adverse events as seen in animal/human studies, or because there is currently no available information regarding human fetal or teratogenic toxicities; pregnancy tests must be obtained in females who are post-menarchal; males or females of reproductive potential may not participate unless they have agreed to use an effective contraceptive method
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Concomitant medications
• Corticosteroids: at the time of consent and enrollment to regimen specific subprotocols, patients receiving corticosteroids who have not been on a stable or decreasing dose of corticosteroid for at least 7 days prior to enrollment to the subprotocol will not be eligible; if used to modify immune adverse events related to prior therapy, >= 14 days must have elapsed since last dose of corticosteroid
• Investigational drugs: patients must meet criteria for prior therapy at the time of consent and enrollment to a subprotocol; other investigational agents may not be administered to patients while they are receiving study drug as part of a subprotocol
• Anticancer agents: patients must meet criteria for prior therapy at the time of consent and enrollment to a subprotocol; other investigational agents may not be administered to patients while they are receiving study drug as part of a subprotocol
• Anti-GVHD agents post-transplant: patients who are receiving cyclosporine, tacrolimus or other agents to prevent graft-versus-host disease post bone marrow transplant are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Patients who have had a prior solid organ transplant are not eligible
• GENERAL EXCLUSION CRITERIA FOR SUBPROTOCOLS: Additional agent specific criteria will be included with specific treatment subprotocols

• Patient must be >=10 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent.
• Patient has a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma confirmed by histology.
• Patient has advanced (metastatic or unresectable) synovial sarcoma.
• In substudy 1, patient with metastatic synovial sarcoma who is newly diagnosed or previously untreated.
• In substudy 2, at the time of treatment, patient has received/completed treatment with anthracycline or anthracycline with ifosfamide for advanced (metastatic or inoperable) disease and progressed.
• Male or female. Contraception requirements will apply at the time of leukapheresis and treatment.
• Patient must be positive for Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01, HLA-A*02:05, and/or HLA-A*02:06 alleles by a validated test in a designated central laboratory.
• Patients tumor has been pathologically reviewed by a designated central laboratory with confirmed positive NY-ESO-1 expression.
• Performance status: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group of 0-1.
• Patient must have adequate organ function and blood cell counts 7 days prior to leukapheresis.
• Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test.
• Patient has measurable disease according to RECIST v1.1.
• Supportive radiotherapy has not affected >25 percent of bone marrow.
• In substudy 1, patient has been previously treated for metastatic synovial sarcoma.
• Central nervous system metastases.
• Any other prior malignancy that is not in complete remission.
• Previous treatment with genetically engineered NY-ESO-1-specific T cells.
• Previous NY-ESO-1 vaccine or NY-ESO-1 targeting antibody.
• Prior gene therapy using an integrating vector.
• Previous allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant.
• Clinically significant systemic illness: serious active infections or significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic or other organ dysfunction, that in the judgment of the Investigator would compromise the Patient 's ability to tolerate protocol therapy or significantly increase the risk of complications, or, prior or active demyelinating disease.
• Patient has history of chronic or recurrent (within the last year prior to leukapheresis) severe autoimmune or immune mediated disease requiring steroids or other immunosuppressive treatments.
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness.
• Current active liver or biliary disease.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding females (due to risk to fetus or newborn).
• Prior/concomitant therapy: any prior treatment-related toxicities must be Common terminology criteria for adverse events <=Grade 1 at the time of initiating study intervention (except for non-clinically significant toxicities).
• Other standard of care lines of therapy are allowed only if guidelines and washout periods are followed.
• Patient has active infection as defined in the protocol.
• Patient has known psychiatric or substance abuse disorders that would interfere with cooperating with the requirements of the study.
• Patient had major surgery <=28 days of first dose of study intervention.