• Histologically or cytologically-confirmed Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, or osteosarcoma
• Disease progression after prior therapy in locally advanced or metastatic setting
• Measurable or evaluable disease based on the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1) criteria
• Age 12 months to <21 years
• Adequate bone marrow reserves, hepatic function, and renal function
• Recovered from effects of any prior surgery or cancer therapy
• Patients 18 years or older will provide written consent. A parent or legal guardian of a patient <18 years of age will provide informed consent and patients 11 to 18 years of age will provide written assent or as per participating institutional policy.
• Clinically significant gastrointestinal disorders
• NYHA Class III or IV congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias or uncontrolled blood pressure
• Active infection or unexplained fever
• Known hypersensitivity to any of the components of MM-398 or other liposomal products
• Recent Investigational therapy
• Pregnant or breast feeding; females of child-bearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment

PARTICIPANT INCLUSION CRITERIA To be eligible for study participation, an individual must meet all of the following criteria: 1. Ability to understand, and willingness and ability to read and sign, the informed consent form. 2. Ability to understand and follow instructions and study procedures. 3. Willingness to comply with all study procedures and be available for the duration of the study. 4. Ability to take oral medication, and are willing to adhere to study medication regimen. 5. Age 18 years or older. 6. Diagnosed with HZO in one eye based on both of these criteria: 1. History of characteristic unilateral vesicular rash in the dermatomal distribution of cranial nerve V1. 2. Medical record documentation of an episode of active dendriform epithelial keratitis, stromal keratitis, endothelial keratitis, and/or iritis due to HZO within the preceding year. This episode of active anterior segment ocular disease may be due to HZO of recent onset (within the preceding 6 months); or chronic HZO (with onset six or more months ago); may be new, worsening, or recurrent disease after a period of inactivity; and may occur after medication was reduced. i. Study participants with chronic HZO must be on a stable treatment regimen and off antivirals for at least 30 days before enrollment. Study participants with chronic HZO who do not meet this criterion may be rescreened, if they are able to meet this criterion within 3 months after the study visit. (This is not a requirement for study participants with recent onset HZO, who may be enrolled at any time, preferably after completing recommended acute antiviral treatment, if prescribed, is completed). 7. For females with reproductive potential, willingness to use highly effective contraception (e.g., hormonal contraception, barrier contraception, intrauterine device, or abstinence). PARTICIPANT EXCLUSION CRITERIA An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study: 1. History of immunocompromised status as defined by current CDC contraindications for the vaccine against zoster (44). 1. Study participants who are diagnosed with leukemia, lymphomas or other malignant neoplasms affecting bone marrow or lymphatic system, unless leukemia in remission and off chemotherapy for at least 3 months. 2. Study participants who are diagnosed with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) or presents with other clinical manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) including CD4 count of ≤ 200 cells/ml. 3. Study participants on immunosuppressive therapy including: i. High-dose corticosteroids (greater than equivalent of prednisone 20 mg/day within 1 month) ii. Chemotherapy, other than low dose used for treatment of immune-mediated diseases within 3 months iii. Study participants receiving recombinant human immune mediators and immune modulators, especially antitumor necrosis agents, within 1 month prior to enrollment d. Study participants with unspecified cellular immunodeficiency. e. Study participants with history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. 2. Medical history of a systemic disease and thought likely to meet one of the exclusion criteria listed in exclusion criterion #1 during the 18-month study period. 3. Renal insufficiency: 1. Requires dialysis or has history of renal transplant or 2. eGFR less than 45, determined within 30 days preceding enrollment. 4. Allergy or adverse reaction to valacyclovir or acyclovir. 5. History of vaccination against zoster within one month prior to enrollment. Study participants who meet this exclusion criterion may be rescreened. 6. Keratoplasty or keratorefractive surgery of the involved eye with zoster. 7. On systemic antivirals with activity against herpes within the past 30 days, including acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, for any reason except for treatment of acute HZO, including investigational drug trial. 8. History of another condition that may require treatment with one of these three antivirals listed above in exclusion criterion #7, during the course of the study; study participants who require chronic suppressive antiviral treatment with these medications will be excluded. 9. Sexually active women who are pregnant, nursing, or in their reproductive years who do not agree to use contraception during the 1-year treatment period. 10. Incarceration 11. Any condition or circumstance that in the opinion of the study investigator, would place the study participant in increased risk or affect his/her full compliance or completion of the study. 12. Participation in a clinical study testing a drug, biologic, device or other intervention within the last 30 days from enrollment visit. Study participants who meet this criterion may be rescreened.

• Participants aged less than 18 years at the time of informed consent for Study BN40898 can continue treatment with a combination of oral corticosteroids and either AZA or MMF
• Participated in Study BN40898 or Study BN40900 with satralizumab in NMOSD, are on ongoing satralizumab treatment and were anti-aquaporin-4 IgG antibody (AQP4-IgG) seropositive at screening in these studies. Participants with NMOSD who were AQP4-IgG seronegative at screening in Study BN40898 or Study BN40900 can be enrolled if the investigator considers the continued treatment with satralizumab to be beneficial for the participant
• For women of childbearing potential: agreement to remain abstinent (refrain from heterosexual intercourse) or use adequate contraception during the treatment period and for 3 months after the final dose of satralizumab.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding, or intending to become pregnant during the study or within 3 months after the final dose of study drug. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test result on the baseline visit prior to initiation of study drug
• Evidence of any serious uncontrolled concomitant diseases that may preclude participation including nervous system disease, cardiovascular disease, hematologic/hematopoiesis disease, respiratory disease, muscular disease, endocrine disease, renal/urologic disease, digestive system disease, congenital or acquired severe immunodeficiency
• Known active infection that requires delaying the next satralizumab dose at the time of enrollment
• NMOSD relapse at the time of enrollment
• Laboratory abnormalities at the last assessment in Study BN40898 or Study BN40900 that preclude re-treatment with satralizumab

• Any patient of the Children's Medical Center CCBD
• 5-12 years of age
• Patient requiring their port accessed twice or more within a 6 months period
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria
• Subjects younger than 5 and older than 12
• Patients requiring recovery in PICU or sites other than PACU
• If parents or subject is not willing to participate
• Subjects with severe developmental delays and subjects with developmental challenges preventing them from keeping the VR device on are also excluded
• Patients who will not be in CCBD for port access at least twice in 6 months

• Age -- Age ≤ 30 years at time of initial qualifying solid tumor diagnosis
• Diagnosis -- Histologic diagnosis of solid malignancy (excluding brain tumors and lymphoma) that meets at least one of the following criteria:
• Refractory, defined as tumor progression after initiation of standard first line therapy without having achieved a prior partial or complete remission OR Biopsy proven residual disease at the completion of planned standard initial front-line therapy.
• Recurrent, defined as tumor progression after achieving a prior partial or complete remission
• Newly diagnosed high risk disease, defined as having an expected event free survival of < 50% at 2 years.
• Lacks definitive diagnosis or classical genomic findings after histologic review and standard molecular testing (rare tumor group).
• Examples include (eligibility not limited to these examples):
• Histology typically associated with a fusion in which fusion is not detected.
• Ewing-like sarcoma
• Undifferentiated sarcoma
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor without ALK fusion
• Infantile fibrosarcoma without NTRK fusion
• Specimen Samples
• Sufficient tumor specimen available to meet the minimum requirements for profiling from diagnosis or progression / recurrence --- OR
• Surgery / biopsy planned as part of clinical care that is anticipated to yield sufficient material to meet the minimum requirements for profiling; OR
• Patient has already had molecular profiling and patient has not yet started matched targeted therapy based on the report .
• No Therapy Planned -- Patients who have declined further anticancer therapy will be excluded.
• Performance Status -- Patients with Lansky (age < 16 years) or Karnofsky (age ≥16 years) score < 50 will be excluded.
• Life Expectancy -- Patients with anticipated life expectancy < 3 months will be excluded.

Who have experienced a progressive deterioration in their vision, such thot they can no longer achieve adequate functional vision on a daily basis with their contact lenses or spectacles; Who are 21 years of age or older; Who have clear central corneas; Who have a corneal thickness of 450 microns or greater at the proposed incision site; Who have corneal transplantation as the only remaining option to improve their functional vision. Who have abnormally thin corneas or who have a corneal thickness of 449 microns or less at the proposed incision site; Patients with collagen vascular, autoimmune or immunodeficiency disease; Pregnant or nursing patients; Presence of ocular conditions, such as recurrent corneal erosion syndrome or corneal dystrophy, that my predispose the patient to future complications; Patients who are taking on or more of following medications: isotretinoin (Accutane); amiodarone HCL (Cordarone).

• Subject has dry chronic tympanic membrane perforation (CTMP) documented as persisting longer than 3 months.
• A female subject is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant and at least one of the following conditions applies:
• Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP) OR
• WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance starting at screening and for at least 28 days after investigational product (IP) application on Day 1.
• Female subject must agree not to breastfeed starting at drug application on Day 1 and for at least 28 days after IP application.
• Female subject must not donate ova starting on Day 1 and for at least 28 days after investigational product (IP) application.
• A male subject with female partner(s) of child-bearing potential must agree to use contraception starting on Day 1 and for at least 28 days after IP application.
• A male subject must not donate sperm starting on Day 1 and for at least 28 days after IP application.
• Male subject with a pregnant or breastfeeding partner(s) must agree to remain abstinent or use a condom from Day 1 and for at least 28 days after IP application.
• Subject must be willing and able to comply with the study requirements including prohibited concomitant medication restrictions.
• Subject agrees not to participate in another interventional study while receiving IP.
• Subject has one of following conditions that may affect the ipsilateral side of the ear with chronic tympanic membrane perforation (CTMP):
• Perforation involving 3 or more quadrants.
• Pin hole perforation (only for the expansion cohort).
• Presence of tympanosclerosis adjacent to the perforation.
• Perforation involves malleus erosion.
• Absent malleus.
• Marginal perforation (i.e., involving the annulus or exposing the handle of malleus).
• Tympanic membrane perforation (TMP) caused by electric/slag/blast/burn injury.
• Post radiated TMP.
• History of tympanic membrane repair by any type of live tissue.
• History of otorrhea or active treatment for otorrhea within the last 3 months prior to Screening.
• Bellucci otorrhea grade 3 or above.
• Active external ear canal inflammation (otitis externa, dermatitis) or within the last 3 months prior to Screening.
• Active diagnosis of Eustachian Tube dysfunction or diagnosis within 6 months prior to Screening.
• Craniofacial abnormalities, History of head and neck surgery within the last 3 months prior to Screening, history of radiation to head and neck.
• Recent (within 2 weeks) diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection.
• Presence or history of cholesteatoma.
• Presence of pars-flaccida or pars tensa retraction or adhesion.
• Presence or history of tumors of the middle or external ear.
• Contraindications to tympanic membrane closure.
• An audiometric finding indicates a characteristic of Carhart's notch which is an increase in bone conduction threshold with a peak at 2,000 Hz.
• Only hearing or better hearing ear.
• Whole circumference of the tympanic membrane perforation is not visible by endoscope.
• Presence/history of eosinophilic otitis media in either ear.
• Subject has a presence of adhesive otitis media in the contralateral ear.
• Subject has a presence of any wound healing systemic condition.
• Subject has Obstructive Sleep Apnea where the subject is required to use Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) during the study period.
• Subject is exposed in their daily life to high volume of water into the ear canal (e.g., swimmer or surfer).
• Subject has health conditions that would prevent him/her from fulfilling the study requirements on the basis of medical history and laboratory test (Serum Chemistries, complete blood count [CBC] with Differential, Urinalysis) results at the screening visit.
• Subject is receiving any other investigational agents during study participation.
• Subject has any form of substance abuse, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements, or a condition that could invalidate communication.
• Subject has a known or suspected hypersensitivity to ASP0598, or any components of the formulation used.
• Subject has had previous exposure with ASP0598.
• Subject is unlikely to comply with the visits scheduled in the protocol.

• Diagnosis of Down syndrome
• Age 10-21 years
• Prior adenotonsillectomy
• Severe OSA (AHI > 10, AHI < 50, no more than 25% AHI attributable to central events) based on prior in-lab PSG performed after adenotonsillectomy and within 18 months of enrollment
• Approval from at least two of the three physician reviewers based upon the results of a routine drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) having occurred within 12 months of enrollment
• Subjects must have either tracheotomy or be ineffectively treated with CPAP due to non-compliance, discomfort, un-desirable side effects, persistent symptoms despite compliance use, or refusal to use the device
• Children and their parents/guardians must be willing to have stimulation hardware permanently implanted, and be willing to participate in follow-up visits, postoperative PSG, and questionnaire completion
• Children's parents/guardians must complete a questionnaire confirming that their child is capable of communicating feelings of pain or discomfort. They must also confirm they are able to assess their child for adverse effects related to device implantation
• Children and their parents/guardians must be proficient in English
• Body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile for subject's age
• Circumferential airway collapse at the level of the velopharynx observed during DISE
• Other medical conditions resulting in medical instability (eg. congestive heart failure, recent open heart surgery, immunosuppression, or chronic lung disease or aspiration)
• Presence of another medical condition requiring future magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the chest
• Patients with another implantable device which could interact unintentionally with the Inspire system
• Any contraindication for general anesthesia
• History of bleeding or clotting disorders and those on blood thinning or NSAID medications for the week prior to implantation surgery. Subjects will be asked to refrain from the use of NSAIDS for two weeks after implantation or any revision surgeries
• Subject is currently taking muscle relaxant medication
• Life expectancy less than 12 months
• Subject's inability to communicate pain or discomfort to their caretaker/parent, based on parental or investigator assessment
• Nonverbal candidates will be excluded due to an inability to complete testing procedures including expressive language sampling
• Subjects with a co-occurring diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
• Subjects that have a positive β-HCG
• Subjects deemed unfit for participation by the investigator for any other reason

• Age greater than or equal to 1 month and less than or equal to 12 months at the time of randomization; AND
• Positive congenital CMV by urine culture or polymerase chain reaction test(PCR), OR saliva culture or PCR followed by confirmatory urine PCR by 21 days of age, OR urine culture or PCR after 21 days of age followed by newborn dry blood spot PCR; AND
• Confirmed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) by auditory brainstem response (ABR) testing. For ABR assessments, hearing loss is defined as levels greater than 25 dB normal hearing levels (NHL) at 1, 2, or 4 kHz in one or both ears.
• Imminent demise; OR
• Known hypersensitivity reaction to valganciclovir, ganciclovir, or any components of the investigational product formulation; OR
• ALT (Alanine Aminotransferase) five times baseline U/L, hepatomegaly, or significant gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., eosinophilic esophagitis, ulcerative colitis); OR
• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) less than 500 cells/mm^3, Hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL, or platelets less than 50,000/mm^3, splenomegaly, or significant hematologic disorders (e.g., hemophilia, leukemia, sickle cell anemia); OR
• Creatinine clearance less than 60 mL/min/1.73m^2 or significant renal disorders (e.g., nephrotic syndrome); OR
• Receiving other antiviral medications or immune globulin therapy; OR
• Receiving other investigational drugs; OR
• Breast feeding from a mother receiving antiviral or immunosuppressive medication; OR
• Known HIV positive mother (risk of immunosuppression); OR
• Subject is currently using list of prohibited medication specified by the package insert; OR
• Other known cause contributing to SNHL (e.g., meningitis, aminoglycoside ototoxicity); OR
• Bilateral profound SNHL or auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder; OR
• Existing conductive hearing loss or mixed permanent hearing loss is present; OR
• Evidence of intracranial calcification; OR
• Evidence of hydrocephalus; OR
• Microcephaly; OR
• Presence of petechiae; OR
• Intrauterine growth retardation; OR
• Chorioretinitis, optic atrophy or pale optic nerves; OR
• Parent or guardian unable to speak English or Spanish; OR
• Subject exposed to a language other than English or Spanish a majority of the time; OR
• Subject unable to complete hearing assessments or parent/guardian unable to complete communication questionnaires; OR
• < 32 weeks gestational age at birth; OR
• Weight at the time of birth < 1800 g.

Inclusion Criteria 1. Biopsy-proven non-hematopoietic malignancy, except for small cell lung cancer, germ cell cancer, or unknown primary tumor. 2. Radiographic evidence by MRI (or by CT scan with CT contrast if ineligible or intolerant of MRI) of brain metastasis. (If patient is unable to tolerate MRI contrast, an MRI without contrast is acceptable if lesions are visible) 3. All brain metastases must be outside the brain stem (midbrain, pons and medulla). 4. Patient must have 10 or less brain metastases. 5. The maximum diameter of any lesion must be less than or equal to 3.0 cm. 6. Previous treatment with surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy or any targeted agents are allowed provided that:
• Radiation was not to the brain.
• Surgery to the brain was > 7 days prior to SRS and there remains at least one additional brain metastasis that can be targeted with SRS 7. Age ≥ 18 years. 8. ECOG Performance Score of 2 or better/Karnofsky Performance Status score of 50-60 or better. 9. All men, as well as women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control; abstinence) prior to study entry and for the duration of study participation. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while participating in this study, she should inform her treating physician immediately. A female of child-bearing potential is any woman (regardless of sexual orientation, marital status, having undergone a tubal ligation, or remaining celibate by choice) who meets the following criteria:
• Has not undergone a hysterectomy or bilateral oophorectomy; or
• Has not been naturally postmenopausal for at least 12 consecutive months (i.e., has had menses at any time in the preceding 12 consecutive months). Medically acceptable birth control (contraceptives) includes:
• Approved hormonal contraceptives (such as birth control pills, patch, or ring: Depo-Provera, Implanon), or
• Barrier methods (such as a condom or diaphragm) used with a spermicide (a substance that kills sperm) 10. Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent. Exclusion Criteria 1. Patients had craniotomy and surgery to the brain within 7 days from the date of SRS. 2. Patients with leptomeningeal metastasis. NOTE: For the purposes of exclusion, LMD is a clinical diagnosis, defined as positive CSF cytology and/or equivocal radiologic or clinical evidence of leptomeningeal involvement. Patients with leptomeningeal symptoms in the setting of leptomeningeal enhancement by imaging (MRI) would be considered to have LMD even in the absence of positive CSF cytology, unless a parenchymal lesion can adequately explain the neurologic symptoms and/or signs. In contrast, an asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patient with mild or nonspecific leptomeningeal enhancement (MRI) would not be considered to have LMD. In that patient, CSF sampling is not required to formally exclude LMD, but can be performed at the investigator's discretion based on level of clinical suspicion. 3. Patients with a contraindication to both MRI (with or without contrast) and CT scan (with contrast) 4. Patients with life expectancy < 3 months. 5. Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirements. 6. Subjects must not be pregnant or nursing at the time of SRS treatment due to the potential for congenital abnormalities and the potential of this regimen to harm nursing infants.

• 2 to 21 years of age
• Have a visually significant cataract or need IOL replacement surgery
• Compromised capsular bag prohibiting implantation of standard posterior IOL
• Subject or parent/guardian must be able to comply with visit schedule and study requirements
• Subject's legal representative must be able to sign the Informed Consent
• Under 2 years of age
• Unable to meet Postoperative evaluation requirements
• No useful vision or vision potential in fellow eye
• Mentally retarded patients
• History of corneal disease
• Abnormality of the iris or ocular structure
• ACD less than 3.2 mm
• Uncontrolled glaucoma
• IOP > 25 mmHg
• Chronic or recurrent uveitis
• Preexisting macular pathology that may complicate the ability to assess the benefit of this lens
• Retinal detachment or family history
• Retinal disease that may limit visual potential
• Optic nerve disease that may limit visual potential
• Diabetes mellitus
• Pregnant, lactating or plan to become pregnant

Inclusion: 1. Histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor as follows:
• For dose escalation and dose determination parts: Histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor (including CNS tumors but not lymphomas). Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll.
• For dose expansion and tumor specific cohorts: Histologically confirmed relapsed or refractory solid tumor including but not limited to EWS, rhabdoid tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, and medulloblastoma. Patients with Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma do not require histological only radiographic confirmed relapse to enroll. EWS is not eligible for TOPO and CTX tumor-specific cohorts.
• For randomized Phase 2 part: Histologically confirmed Ewing sarcoma. Histopathology confirmation of EWSR1-ETS or FUS-ETS rearrangement is required or availability of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue sample for central testing. Patient must have relapsed or refractory disease with no known bone marrow metastases and at least evaluable disease. 2. Age ≥2 and <21 years at the time of study entry. 3. Lansky performance status ≥50% for patients ≤16 years of age, or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0, 1 or 2 for patients >16 years of age. 4. Adequate bone marrow function.
• Absolute neutrophil count ≥1000/mm3;
• Platelet count ≥100,000/mm3 (transfusion independent, no platelet transfusion in past 7 days prior study entry);
• Hemoglobin ≥8.5 g/dL (transfusion allowed). 5. Adequate renal function: Serum creatinine level based on age/gender must within protocol specified limits. 6. Adequate liver function, including:
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ≤2.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN) or ≤5 × ULN for age, if attributable to disease involvement of the liver;
• Total bilirubin ≤1.5 × ULN for age, unless the patient has documented Gilbert's syndrome. 7. Patients enrolled to Phase 1 portion of the study and tumor specific cohorts must have measurable disease as defined by RECIST version 1.1 or modified RANO criteria for CNS disease or INRC for neuroblastoma. Patients with EWS enrolled to Phase 2 portion of the study are eligible with evaluable disease (eg, bone only disease with no soft tissue component). 8. Recovered to CTCAE Grade ≤1, or to baseline, from any non-hematological acute toxicities of prior surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, differentiation therapy or biologic therapy, with the exception of alopecia. 9. Serum/urine pregnancy test (for all girls ≥8 years of age) negative at screening and at the baseline visit. 10. Evidence of a personally signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient or a legally acceptable representative/parent(s)/legal guardian of minors, has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study. Minor study patients also must provide age appropriate assent according to the local guidelines, where applicable. 11. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, and other procedures. Exclusion: 1. Phase 1 and tumor specific cohorts: For palbociclib with IRN and TMZ combination, prior treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor or progression while on treatment with an IRN-containing regimen that includes TMZ. Patients who have received the combination of IRN and TMZ and did not progress while on these medications are eligible. For patients enrolling in the palbociclib with TOPO and CTX combination, prior treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor or progression while on treatment with a TOPO-containing regimen that includes CTX. Patients who have received the combination of TOPO and CTX and did not progress while on these medications are eligible. Phase 2 :prior treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor or prior treatment with an IRN and/or TMZ-containing regimen. 2. Prior intolerability to IRN and/or TMZ plus/minus palbociclib with IRN and TMZ combination and prior intolerability to TOPO and/or CTX for TOPO and CTX combination. 3. Use of strong cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A inhibitors or inducers. Patients who are receiving strong uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) inhibitors within 12 days of Cycle 1 Day 1 (C1D1) are not eligible for the palbociclib with IRN and TMZ combination. Patients who are receiving strong UGT1A1 inhibitors within 12 days of C1D1 are eligible for the palbociclib with TOPO and CTX combination (See Section 5.7.1 for list of products.) 4. Prior growth factors (including filgrastim) within 7 days before study entry or PEG-filgrastim within 14 days before study entry. 5. Radiation therapy within 14 days before study entry. 6. Systemic anti cancer therapy within 2 weeks prior to study entry and 6 weeks for nitrosoureas. 7. Previous high dose chemotherapy requiring stem cell rescue within 90 days or persistent AE >Grade 1. 8. Prior irradiation to >50% of the bone marrow (see Appendix 9). 9. Participation in other studies involving investigational drug(s) within 2 weeks or 5 half lives, whichever is longer, prior to study entry. 10. Major surgery within 4 weeks prior to study entry. Surgical biopsies or central line placement are not considered major surgeries. 11. For IRN and TMZ with/without palbociclib combinations: known or suspected hypersensitivity to palbociclib, IRN and/or TMZ. For combination of palbociclib with TOPO and CTX: known or suspected hypersensitivity to palbociclib, TOPO and/or CTX. 12. Patients with known symptomatic brain tumors or brain metastases and require steroids, unless they have been on a stable or on a decreasing steroid dose for >14 days. 13. Patients with previously diagnosed brain metastases are eligible if they have completed their prior treatment and have recovered from the acute effects of radiation therapy or surgery prior to study entry for these metastases for at least 14 days post radiation and 4 weeks post-surgery and are neurologically stable. 14. Hereditary bone marrow failure disorder.Phase 2 portion patients with bone marrow involvement are excluded. 15. QTc >470 msec. 16. History of clinically significant or uncontrolled cardiac disease, including:
• History of or active congestive heart failure; if patient had congestive heart failure resolve and >1 year from resolution, patient will be considered eligible;
• Clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia (such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation or Torsades de Pointes);
• Diagnosed or suspected congenital or acquired prolonged QT syndrome;
• Need for medications known to prolong the QT interval;
• Uncorrected hypomagnesemia or hypokalemia because of potential effects on the QT interval;
• Left ventricular ejection fraction <50% or shortening fraction <28%. 17. Recent or ongoing clinically significant gastrointestinal disorder that may interfere with absorption of orally administered drugs (eg, gastrectomy). 18. Evidence of serious active or uncontrolled bacterial, fungal or viral infection or known history of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus infection or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related illness. 19. Other severe acute or chronic medical or laboratory test abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results, and in the judgment of the Investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study. 20. Investigator site staff members directly involved in the conduct of the study and their family members, site staff members otherwise supervised by the investigator, or patients who are Pfizer employees, including their family members, directly involved in the conduct of the study. 21. Fertile male patients and female patients of childbearing potential who are unwilling or unable to use a highly effective method of contraception as outlined in this protocol for the duration of the study and for at least 90 after the last dose of investigational product.

• Patients must have a body surface area (BSA) of >= 0.5 m^2 at enrollment
• Patients must have neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) based on clinical criteria and/or germline genetic testing
• Patients must be newly diagnosed or have previously diagnosed NF-1 associated LGG that has not been treated with any modality other than surgery
• For patients with optic pathway gliomas (OPGs):
• Newly-diagnosed patients with OPG are eligible if there are neurologic symptoms (including visual dysfunction, as defined below) or other exam findings associated with the tumor
• Previously-diagnosed patients with OPG are eligible if they have new or worsening neurologic symptoms (including visual dysfunction, as defined below) or have tumor growth
• For both newly-diagnosed and previously-diagnosed OPG, the patient may be eligible, irrespective of whether there has been tumor growth or other neurological symptoms or worsening, if they meet at least one of the following visual criteria:
• Visual worsening, defined as worsening of visual acuity (VA) or visual fields (VF) documented within the past year (by examination or history); OR
• Significant visual dysfunction (defined as VA worse than normal for age by 0.6 logMAR [20/80, 6/24, or 2.5/10] or more in one or both eyes)
• For patients with LGG in other locations (i.e., not OPGs):
• Newly-diagnosed patients with LGG are eligible if there are neurologic symptoms or other exam findings associated with the tumor
• NOTE: Newly-diagnosed patients with LGG without associated neurologic symptoms or exam findings are not eligible
• Previously-diagnosed patients with LGG are eligible if they have new or worsening neurologic symptoms or have tumor growth
• Although not required, if a biopsy/tumor resection is performed, eligible histologies will include all tumors considered LGG or low-grade astrocytoma (World Health Organization [WHO] grade I and II) by 5th edition WHO classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors with the exception of subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
• Patients must have two-dimensional measurable tumor >= 1 cm^2
• Patients with metastatic disease or multiple independent primary LGGs are allowed on study
• Creatinine clearance or radioisotope glomerular filtration Rate (GFR) >= 70 mL/min/1.73 m^2 OR a serum creatinine based on age/gender within 7 days prior to enrollment as follows:
• Age; maximum serum creatinine (mg/dL)
• 2 to < 6 years; 0.8 (male) and 0.8 (female)
• 6 to < 10 years; 1 (male) and 1 (female)
• 10 to < 13 years; 1.2 (male) and 1.2 (female)
• 13 to < 16 years; 1.5 (male) and 1.4 (female)
• >= 16 years; 1.7 (male) and 1.4 (female)
• Total bilirubin =< 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) for age within 7 days prior to enrollment (children with a diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome will be allowed on study regardless of their total and indirect [unconjugated] bilirubin levels as long as their direct [conjugated] bilirubin is < 3.1 mg/dL)
• Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) (alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) = 135 U/L within 7 days prior to enrollment. For the purpose of this study, the ULN for SGPT is 45 U/L
• Albumin >= 2 g/dL within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >= 53% (or institutional normal; if the LVEF result is given as a range of values, then the upper value of the range will be used) by echocardiogram within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Corrected QT (QTc) interval =< 450 msec by electrocardiography (EKG) within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,000/uL (unsupported) within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Platelets >= 100,000/uL (unsupported) within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL (may be supported) within 7 days prior to enrollment
• Patients with a known seizure disorder should be stable and should have not experienced a significant increase in seizure frequency within 2 weeks prior to enrollment
• Patients 2-17 years of age must have a blood pressure that is =< 95th percentile for age, height, and gender at the time of enrollment. Patients >= 18 years of age must have a blood pressure =< 130/80 mmHg at the time of enrollment (with or without the use of antihypertensive medications).
• Note: Adequate blood pressure can be achieved using medication for the treatment of hypertension
• All patients must have ophthalmology toxicity assessments performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• For all patients, an MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) and/or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• For patients who undergo a surgery on the target tumor (not required), a pre- and post-operative* MRI of the brain (with orbital cuts for optic pathway tumors) or spine (depending on the site(s) of primary disease) with and without contrast must also be performed within 4 weeks prior to enrollment
• The post-operative MRIs should be performed ideally within 48 hours after surgery if possible
• Patients must have a performance status corresponding to Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores of 0, 1, or 2. Use Karnofsky for patients > 16 years of age and Lansky for patients =< 16 years of age
• Patients must have the ability to swallow whole capsules
• Patients must have receptive and expressive language skills in English or Spanish to complete the quality of life (QOL) and neurocognitive assessments
• All patients and/or their parents or legal guardians must sign a written informed consent.
• All institutional, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and National Cancer Institute (NCI) requirements for human studies must be met.
• Patients must not have received any prior tumor-directed therapy including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or bone marrow transplant. Prior surgical intervention is permitted
• Patients with a concurrent malignancy or history of treatment (other than surgery) for another tumor within the last year are ineligible
• Patients may not be receiving any other investigational agents
• Patients with any serious medical or psychiatric illness/ condition, including substance use disorders likely in the judgement of the investigator to interfere or limit compliance with study requirements/treatment are not eligible
• Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not able to comply with the study procedures are not eligible
• Female patients who are pregnant are not eligible since fetal toxicities and teratogenic effects have been noted for several of the study drugs. A pregnancy test is required for female patients of childbearing potential
• Lactating females who plan to breastfeed their infants are not eligible
• Sexually active patients of reproductive potential who have not agreed to use an effective contraceptive method for the duration of their study participation and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy are not eligible
• Note: Women of child-bearing potential and males with sexual partners who are pregnant or who could become pregnant (i.e., women of child-bearing potential) should use effective methods of contraception for the duration of the study and for 12 weeks after stopping study therapy to avoid pregnancy and/or potential adverse effects on the developing embryo
• Cardiac conditions:
• Known genetic disorder that increases risk for coronary artery disease. Note: The presence of dyslipidemia in a family with a history of myocardial infarction is not in itself an exclusion unless there is a known genetic disorder documented
• Symptomatic heart failure
• New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II-IV prior or current cardiomyopathy
• Severe valvular heart disease
• History of atrial fibrillation
• Ophthalmologic conditions:
• Current or past history of central serous retinopathy
• Current or past history of retinal vein occlusion or retinal detachment
• Patients with uncontrolled glaucoma
• If checking pressure is clinically indicated, patients with intraocular pressure (IOP) > 22 mmHg or ULN adjusted by age are not eligible
• Ophthalmological findings secondary to long-standing optic pathway glioma (such as visual loss, optic nerve pallor, or strabismus) or longstanding orbito-temporal plexiform neurofibroma (PN, such as visual loss, strabismus) will NOT be considered a significant abnormality for the purposes of the study
• Treatments and/or medications patient is receiving that would make her/him ineligible, such as:
• Supplementation with vitamin E greater than 100% of the daily recommended dose. Any multivitamin containing vitamin E must be stopped prior to study enrollment even if less than 100% of the daily recommended dosing for vitamin E
• Surgery within 2 weeks prior to enrollment, with the exception of surgical placement for vascular access or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diverting procedures such as endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt.
• Note: Patients must have healed from any prior surgery prior to enrollment
• Patients who have an uncontrolled infection are not eligible

1. Subject has read and voluntarily signed the Informed Consent Form (ICF) after all questions have been answered and prior to any study-mandated procedure. 2. Adult aged 18-65 years inclusive at Screening. 3. Documented medical history consistent with acquired, adult onset, sensorineural hearing loss associated with noise-induced SNHL (NIHL) or idiopathic sudden SNHL (SSNHL) (documented audiogram at least 6 months prior to screening required). 4. A pure tone average at the Screening Visit of 35-85 dB at 500Hz, 1000Hz, 2000Hz, and 4000Hz in the ear to be injected. 5. Ability to communicate well with the Investigator and is willing to comply with and complete all the study procedures. 6. Female subjects must be of non-childbearing potential or will need to utilize two methods of highly effective contraception during the study participation (e.g. hormonal contraception and condom or an intrauterine device and condom) or remain abstinent. Male subjects should use condoms with spermicide during the course of the study or remain abstinent. Subjects should not donate sperm or ova during the study period. 7. Have met additional masked criteria as determined by the Electronic Data Capture system. 1. Subject has previously been randomized in a FX-322 clinical trial. 2. Perforation of tympanic membrane or other tympanic membrane disorders that would interfere with the delivery and safety assessment of an intratympanic medication or reasonably be suspected to affect tympanic membrane healing after injection in study ear. This includes a current tympanostomy tube. 3. Any conductive hearing loss of greater than 15 dB at a single frequency or greater than 10dB at two or more contiguous octave frequencies in the study ear at the Screening visit. 4. Active chronic middle ear disease or a history of major middle ear surgery, as an adult, in the ear to be injected. 5. Subject has had an intratympanic injection in either ear within 3 months of the screening visit. 6. Evidence of or previous diagnosis of auditory neuropathy, traumatic brain injury, "central" hearing loss, or genetic hearing loss. 7. History of chronic, recurrent clinically significant vestibular symptoms. 8. History of bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss or recurrent sudden sensorineural hearing loss. 9. History of clinically significant systemic autoimmune disease (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis). 10. History of head or neck radiation, treatment, or exposure to platinum based chemotherapy drugs or aminoglycosides. 11. Exposure to another investigational drug within 28 days prior to screening visit. 12. Evidence of any active or chronic disease or condition that could interfere with, or for which the treatment of might interfere with, the conduct of the study, or that would pose an unacceptable risk to the subject in the opinion of the investigator following a detailed medical history, physical examination, and vital signs (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, body temperature). 13. Positive urine pregnancy test or breast-feeding. 14. Any known factor, condition, or disease that, in the view of the Investigator, might interfere with treatment compliance, study conduct or interpretation of the results.

• Women and men of reproductive potential should agree to use an appropriate method of birth control throughout their participation in this study due to the teratogenic potential of the therapy utilized in this trial. Appropriate methods of birth control include abstinence, oral contraceptives, implantable hormonal contraceptives or double barrier method (diaphragm plus condom)
• Diagnosis of advanced cancer
• Patient-reported 2-month weight loss of at least 5 pounds (2.3 kilograms) and/or physician-estimated caloric intake of less than 20 calories/kilogram of body weight per day
• The patient must perceive loss of appetite and/or weight as a problem; and have an appetite score of 4 or worse on the "Please rate your appetite…." question that requires a patient response on a 0-10 numeric rating scale
• Not receiving ongoing tube feedings or parenteral nutrition at the time of registration
• Not currently using systemic adrenal steroids (with the exception of short-term dexamethasone within 3 days of chemotherapy for control of chemotherapy side effects)
• No use of androgens, progesterone analogs, or other appetite stimulants within the past month
• Patient should not have poorly controlled hypertension or congestive heart failure at registration
• Patient should not have an obstruction of the alimentary canal, malabsorption, or intractable vomiting (defined as vomiting more than 3 times per day over the preceding week)
• Not currently using olanzapine for another medical condition or had previously used olanzapine for chronic nausea or for any pre-existing psychotic disorder
• Patient should not have had a previous blood clot at any time in the past
• No history of poorly controlled diabetes
• No symptomatic leptomeningeal disease or known brain metastases as these patients may have difficulty taking oral medications
• No history of hypersensitivity to olanzapine or megestrol acetate
• No COVID-19 infection in the past that, in the opinion of the treating physician, had left patients with compromised taste, which has not resolved at the time of registration
• Not pregnant and not nursing, because this study involves an investigational agent whose genotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenic effects on the developing fetus and newborn are unknown. Therefore, for women of childbearing potential only, a negative urine or serum pregnancy test done =< 14 days prior to registration is required
• Age >= 18 years
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1 or 2
• Estimated life expectancy of 3 months or longer
• Serum creatinine =< 2.0 mg/dL
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) =< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Fasting glucose > 1410 mg/dl
• Granulocytes > 1000/hpf
• No treatment with another antipsychotic agent, such as risperidone, quetiapine, clozapine, butyrophenone within 30 days of enrollment
• In order to complete the mandatory patient-completed measures, participants must be able to speak and/or read English or Spanish. Sites seeking to enroll Spanish-speaking patients should have access to Spanish speaking staff on site or through the use of a translation service to be able to conduct the informed consent discussion in Spanish, and to conduct the weekly phone calls
• Psychiatric illness which would prevent the patient from giving informed consent
• Medical condition such as uncontrolled infection (including human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or cardiac disease which, in the opinion of the treating physician, would make this protocol unreasonably hazardous for the patient
• Patients who cannot swallow oral formulations of the agents
• Patients with impaired decision-making capacity (such as with a diagnosis of dementia or memory loss) are not eligible for this study
• No presence of a hormone-sensitive tumor, such as breast, endometrial, or prostate cancer (this exclusion criterion is intended to circumvent any confounding antineoplastic effects of megestrol acetate)

• Patients with histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancies with residual tumors present that require standard of care chemotherapy for a minimum number of cycles. All anatomical sites and all tumor histologies are eligible including central nervous system tumors.
• Patients ages 13
•25 years
• In the opinion of the investigator, patients must be thought to be able to lie still for imaging without sedation for 20
•30 minutes.
• Patients must have a performance status of > 50% (Lansky or Karnofsky).
• Patients of childbearing potential must have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test as per institution's standard of care within 7 days prior to [18F]FLT PET/CT imaging
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent/assent.
• Patients with known allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to previously administered radiopharmaceuticals of similar chemical or biologic composition to [18F]FLT
• Subjects who had prior chemotherapy or radiotherapy before enrollment in the study.
• Subjects for whom chemotherapy is not a standard of care primary therapy option.
• Patients who are pregnant or breast-feeding
• Patients with no residual tumor (i.e. complete resection at diagnosis)

• 18 years of age or older
• Patient indicated for surgical intervention with a bone anchored hearing system according to local clinic's standard guidelines.
• Normal bone quality and bone thickness above 3 mm, where no complications during surgery are expected.
• Skin thickness of 12mm or less at the implant site
• Patients undergoing re-implantation
• Patients who are unable or unwilling to follow investigational procedures/requirements, e.g. to complete quality of life scales.
• Diseases or treatments known to compromise the bone quality at the implant site, e.g. radiotherapy, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus
• Known conditions (e.g. uncontrolled diabetes) that could jeopardize skin condition and wound healing over time as judged by the investigator.
• Any other known condition that the investigator determines could interfere with compliance or study assessments.

1. Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis , ADEM, anti-MOG antibody associated CNS demyelination 2. Age 12 to 18 inclusive at time of enrollment 3. Ability of parent or legal guardian to provide informed consent if participant is under 18. 4. Ability of patients age 12 and older to give assent 5. Completion of the signed HIPPA authorization form by a parent or legal guardian or by participants (18 years of age). 1. Known history of traumatic brain injury that required medical care 2. Non-English speaking (based on standardized neuropsychological testing and questionnaires) 3. Claustrophobic, pregnant, the presence of metallic braces, implants or medical devices that are unsafe at 3T or 7T and/or interfere with the MRI/MRS signals